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The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which amino acids are put together
to form a protein.
What forms a genetic code? asexual
A DNA molecule is shaped like a _____________________
During DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with
cytosine.
What does the notation RR mean to geneticists? Two dominant alleles
Factors that control traits are called genes.
Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a hybrid.
What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists? One dominant allele and one recessive allele
The different forms of a gene are called alleles.
What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall
pea plants? Three in four(Draw a punnett square)
What does a Punnett square show? all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
An organism’s genotype is its genetic makeup.
If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what
is the probability that an offspring will have black fur? 100% (Draw a punnett square)
_____________________________________________________________________________
An organism’s physical appearance is its phenotype.
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? Genes are carried from parents to offspring on
chromosomes.
Chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together.
What happens during meiosis? Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex
cells.
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute half the number of
chromosomes in body cells. .
The process by which a new organism forms from the joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is
called sexual reproduction.
Each skunk body cell has 50 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each skunk sex cell
(sperm and egg) have? 25
When Mendel crossed purebred short plants with purebred tall plants, all of the offspring were
tall.
The sex cells produced by meiosis have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells.
During asexual reproduction by mitosis, a parent cell divides into two new cells, each identical to
its parent.
The genetic code is found in the order of nitrogen bases along a gene.
In pea plants, the tall-stem allele and the short-stem allele are different forms of the same gene.
If D represents the dominant allele of a gene, then d represents the recessive allele.
An organism that is the offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait is called
purebred.
A chart used to predict results of genetic crosses is known as a(n) punnett square.
In a cross between two hybrid Pp pea plants, 50% percent of the offspring will be Pp.
The process in which a parent cell divides twice to produce sex cells is called meiosis.
31. Which form of reproduction combines the genetic material from two different parents? What is
one advantage of this form of reproduction? sexual reproduction; The offspring may have new
characteristics that help them survive changes in their environment.
32. In which form of reproduction do the offspring look exactly like the parent? What is an advantage
of this reproductive strategy for the species? asexual reproduction; The parent organism can
produce many identical offspring in a short period of time without having to find a mate. With
many offspring, there is more chance that some will survive to reproduce and continue the
species.
33. Explain how DNA replicates or copies itself. DNA replication is the process by which an
identical copy of the DNA strand forms for a new cell. During DNA replication, the two sides of
the DNA unwind and separate like a zipper. The nitrogen bases in the nucleus pair up (adenine
pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine) so that the new DNA strand exactly
matches the order of the original strand.