Electronic supplementary material 1
Search strategy: PsychINFO (OVID).
Search terms were identical for each database, with field abbreviations being adapted to meet the
specific structure for the database where necessary.
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attitud*.mp.
norm*.mp.
control.mp.
exp intention/ or intention*.mp.
1 AND 2 AND 3 AND 4
Theory of planned behavi*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts,
original title, tests & measures]
TPB.mp.
Theory of reasoned action.mp.
TRA.mp.
Planned behavi*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts, original
title, tests & measures]
Ajzen.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts, original title, tests &
measures]
10 AND 11
5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 12
Adherence*.mp
Compliance*.mp
Concordance*.mp
14 OR 15 OR 16
13 AND 17
Electronic supplementary material 3
Data Extraction Table: Characteristics of Studies Included in the Meta-analysis of Theory of Planned Behavior and Adherence in Chronic Illness
Study
Condition
Sample characteristics
Study design
Type of
Adherence
Behavior
Theory of reasoned
action/ Theory of
planned behavior
constructs measured
Adherence outcome measure(s)
Self-report: Godin leisure-time
exercise questionnaire (Godin
& Shephard, 1985)
+
Objective: Attendance at
cardiac rehab classes
Objective: Attendance at
cardiac rehab classes
(sample size, mean age in
years (SD) and gender)
Blanchard et
al. (2002)
Heart disease
N = 81; age = 59.59
(11.49); male = 70%
Correlational;
prospective
Exercise [b]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Blanchard et
al. (2003)
Heart disease
Correlational;
prospective
Exercise [b]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Blanchard
(2008)
Heart disease
N = 215; age = 59.52
(10.90); Gender not
reported
N = 76; age: 62.6 (11.0);
male = 76%
Correlational;
prospective
Exercise [b]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Brown et al.
(2009)
Epilepsy
Correlational;
prospective*
Medication [a]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Chapman et
al. (1995)
Diabetes
N = 81; age = 41.9 (15.4)
intervention and 44.10
(16.4) control; male =
39%
N = 48; age = 67 (4.3);
male = 100%
Correlational;
prospective
Diet [c]
Theory of planned
behavior: attitude,
intention, subjective
norm
Self-report: Godin leisure-time
exercise questionnaire (Godin
& Shephard, 1985)
Objective: medical events
monitoring system
Self-report:
two items addressing whether
or not participant had eaten
high calorie food and how
often
Chisholm et
al. (2007)
Organ
transplant renal
Psychiatric Bipolar
Psychiatric
N = 158; age = 51 (12.4);
male = 60%
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Medication [a]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Objective: pharmacy refill
records
N = 48; age 40 (SD not
provided); male = 35%
N = 61; age and gender
not reported
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Correlational;
cross sectional
Medication [a]
Theory of reasoned
action: all
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Costa et al.
(2012)
Type 2
diabetes
N = 179; age = 59.6 (SD
= 10.33); male = 57.5%
Correlational;
cross sectional
Diabetes selfcare (blood
glucose
monitoring) [d]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Courneya et
al. (2008)
Breast cancer
Correlational;
prospective*
Exercise [b]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Courneya et
al. (2010)
Didarloo et al.
(2012)
Lymphoma
N = 242; age = 49 (SD not
reported; majority aged
50-59); female = 100%
N = 122; age = 53 (SD not
reported); male = 59%
N = 352; Age = 18-65
(SD not reported); female
= 100%
Self-report: first author’s
adapted scale
Self-report: what percentage of
the time did you take your
medication?
Self-report: revised
summary of diabetes self-care
activities questionnaire
(Toobert et al., 2000)
+ Objective (HbA1c levels)
Objective: exercise class
attendance
Correlational;
prospective*
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Exercise [b]
Diabetes selfcare [d]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Theory of reasoned
action: all
Gatt and
Sammut
(2008)
Type 2
diabetes
Correlational;
prospective
Diabetes selfcare [d]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Cochran and
Gitlin (1988)
Conner et al.
(1998)
Diabetes
N = 100; age = 64 (SD not
reported); male = 39%
Medication [a]
Objective: exercise class
attendance
Self-report: revised
summary of diabetes self-care
activities questionnaire
(Toobert et al., 2000)
Self-report: revised
summary of diabetes self-care
activities questionnaire
Gucciardi et
al. (2007)
Type 2
diabetes
N = 61; age = 60 (SD not
reported); male = 31%
Correlational;
prospective*
Diet [c]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Hebert et al.
(2010)
Insomnia
N = 94; age not reported;
male = 38.3%
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Implementing
sleep hygiene
practices at
home [d]
Theory of planned
behavior: subjective
norm, intention,
perceived behavioral
control
Hunt and
Gross (2009)
Obesity
N = 212; age = 41.23
(10.54); male = 21.2%
Correlational;
prospective
Exercise [b]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Jeon and Lee
(2006)
Hypertension
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Medication [a]
Manning and
Bettencourt
(2011)
Miller et al.
(1992)
Breast cancer
N =166; majority in their
sixties (26.8%); male =
43.6%
N = 162; age not
reported; female = 100%
Correlational;
prospective
Medication [a]
Theory of planned
behavior: attitude,
subjective norm
Theory of planned
behavior; all
N = 56; age = 61.75
(10.74); male = 98%
Correlational;
cross -sectional
Self-care (diet,
not smoking,
activity, stress,
management
and medication)
[a, b, c, d]
Hypertension
Theory of reasoned
action: all
Self-report: revised
summary of diabetes self-care
activities questionnaire
(Toobert et al., 2000)
Self-report: wording not
reported
Self-report: Godin leisure-time
exercise questionnaire (Godin
& Shephard, 1985) and
international physical activity
questionnaire (World Health
Organization, 2000)
Self-report: wording not
reported
Self-report: medication
adherence report scale (Horne
& Weinman, 1999)
Self-report: health behaviours
scale (Miller et al., 1982)
Quine et al.
(2012)
Hypertension
N = 1070; age = 69.0
(11.7); male = 42%
Correlational;
prospective
Medication [a]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Saal and
Kagee (2012)
HIV
N = 101; age = 35 (7.05);
male = 17.8%
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Medication [a]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Sainsbury and
Mullan (2011)
Coeliac
disease
N = 265; age = 45.1
(13.0); male = 16.6%
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Diet [c]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Sainsbury et
al. (2013)
Coeliac
disease
N = 390; age= 44.2
(12.7); male = 17.2%
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Diet [c]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
Scholz et al.
(2012)
Organ
transplant
(heart, lung,
liver or
kidney)
Heart disease
N =121; age = 54.32
(13.32); male = 67%
Correlational;
cross- sectional
Medication [a]
Theory of planned
behavior: all
N = 95; age = 63 (10.3);
male = 72.8%
Correlational;
prospective
Exercise [b]
Theory of planned
behavior: intention,
perceived behavioral
control
N = 149; age = 34 (SD
not reported); male =
58.3%
Correlational;
cross- sectional
Self-care - tooth
brushing [d]
Theory of reasoned
action: all
Sniehotta et
al. (2010)
Syrjala et al.
(2002)
Diabetes
Self-report: augmented version
of the Morisky medication
adherence scale (Morisky et al.,
1986)
Self-report: Morisky
medication adherence scale
(Morisky et al., 1986)
Self-report: coeliac dietary
adherence test (Leffler et al.,
2009)
Self-report: coeliac dietary
adherence test (Leffler et al.,
2009)
Self- report: German version of
the transplant effects
questionnaire (Klaghofer et al.,
2008)
Self-report: Godin leisure-time
exercise questionnaire (Godin
& Shephard, 1985)
+
Objective: attendance at cardiac
rehab classes
Self-report: diabetes adherence
scale (Kneckt et al., 1999).
Vissman et al.
(2013)
HIV/AIDS
N = 66; age = 38 (10.3);
male = 74%
Correlational;
cross-sectional
Medication [a]
Theory of planned
behavior: attitude,
subjective norm,
perceived behavioral
control
Self-report: two-item scale
Note: [a] = Denotes studies coded for moderators as medication adherence; [b] = Denotes studies coded for moderators as exercise adherence; [c] = Denotes
studies coded for moderators as diet adherence; [d] = Denotes studies coded for moderators as self-care.*Study had an experimental design but have been
classified as correlational because the intervention was not aimed at changing the theory of planned behavior variables.
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