Potter
Name: ___________________________________
Earth Science
Date: ____________________
Hour: ____________
Earth Science A Final Exam Study Guide
Answers must be done on a SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER!
Questions 1-66 need to be
completed by 1/8/16.
Questions 67-112 need to be
completed by 1/15/16 and will
be turned in the day of the
exam.
Unit 1: Energy, Matter, and Cycles
LT 1.1. I can explain the difference between matter and energy and understand how they operate in
open and closed systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Define matter.
Define energy.
Describe why the earth is an open or closed system for energy.
Describe why the earth is an open or closed system for matter.
What is meant by the conservation of matter?
LT 1.2: I can explain sources of energy on the earth and how they can change from one form to
another.
6. What is the main external source of energy of the earth?
7. Give two types of internal energy of the earth.
8. Describe how the sun is ultimately responsible for most of the ways in which we produce electricity.
(See question 23 for the ways we produce electricity)
LT 1.3: I can explain how matter recycles on earth, especially carbon and nitrogen.
9. Draw the water cycle. I expect 7stops for the water and arrows describing how the water goes from
one stop to another. (Evaporation, Condensation, Respiration, Precipitation, Transpiration,
Infiltration, Runoff)
10. Draw the carbon cycle. Include the following stops: plant, animal, decomposers, fossil fuels,
atmosphere, factory, ocean. Draw arrows showing how the carbon moves from one to another.
WRITE DOWN WHAT FORM THE CARBON IS IN!!!
11. Draw the Nitrogen cycle. Include the following stops: plant, animal, decomposer, animal waste, soil,
air. WRITE DOWN WHAT FORM THE NITROGEN IS IN EACH STOP!!
12. Describe how the carbon and nitrogen in one living thing can get into YOU! (no killing please)
13. Describe how factories that burn fossil fuels change where the carbon is in on the earth.
14. Nitrogen in the air really has trouble getting into the soil in a form plants can use. What are the two
natural ways that it can happen?
LT 1.4: I can explain how the 4 components of the earth interact and rely upon one another.
15. What are Earths 4 spheres?
16. Draw the 4 spheres and explain how matter from one sphere can move to the others. Do this for each
of the four spheres.
17. Draw the sun on your diagram above. Show how energy from the sun can move from the sun to the
different spheres.
Unit 2: Natural Resources
LT 2.1. I can describe and identify the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
18. How is a renewable resource different from a nonrenewable resource?
19. List the renewable resources.
20. List the nonrenewable resources.
21. Are fossil fuels renewable?
22. How are fossil fuels made?
Potter
Name: ___________________________________
Earth Science
Date: ____________________
Hour: ____________
LT 2.2. I can evaluate competing designs for energy production and develop sustainable plans for energy
production.
23. For each of the following energy sources, explain how we get electricity from this energy source and one positive
aspect and one negative aspect for each one.
a. Solar
b. Hydroelectric
c. Geothermal
d. Fossil Fuels
e. Nuclear Fission
f. Wind
g. Biomass
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
How are nuclear fission and geothermal different from the other “thermal” energy sources?
What happens during nuclear fission? What is happening to the atoms?
Why is there a debate over which energy resources to use?
What energy resource do we mostly use to make electricity?
Which energy resources makeup fossil fuels?
How does reducing energy conserve fossil fuels?
LT 2.3. I understand the life cycle of products (cradle to grave) and I can use this idea to compare and contrast the
risks and benefits of reduce, reuse, and recycle.
30. When we need something from the ground, we mine it. That is not the end of the process to use it, however.
What are the 6 steps used to make a material ready for us to use?
31. What are the 3 “R”s of resources and put them in order of best to worst?
32. What eventually happens to the materials you get out of a mine (if you keep mining it—think of the pasta lab)?
When this happens, what happens to cost of items?
33. Recycling is good. Is it perfect? Explain why or why not. What is better than recycling?
34. Explain how a mine could harm each sphere.
Unit 3: Earth’s Interior
LT 3.1: I can draw and interpret models of the interior of the earth.
35. Draw a diagram showing the COMPOSITIONAL layers of the earth.
a. Why did we separate the earth like this?
36. Draw a diagram labeling the STRUCTURAL layers of the earth.
a. Why did we separate the earth like this?
b. What layer makes up the tectonic plates?
c. Which layer causes the magnetic field of the earth?
37. We’ve never dug into the center of the earth. What is our evidence for its layers?
LT 3.2: I can explain surface features of the earth due to plate tectonics.
38. What is the difference between continental tectonic plates and oceanic plates (list three)?
Potter
Name: ___________________________________
Earth Science
Date: ____________________
Hour: ____________
39. Next to each boundary write what would be made there. Use the following words: 1. Island arch, 2. Volcano, 3.
Trench, 4. Subduction, 5. Rift Valley, 6. Mid-ocean Ridge, and 7. Mountains (5pt)
A
B
C
D
E
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
What is made at transform boundaries?
Which plate (oceanic or continental) subducts when they hit and why?
What is sea floor spreading and what is the evidence?
What is the evidence for the magnetic poles of the earth switching?
What is a hot spot and what do they make?
Why do hot spots “move”?
Describe where these are:
a. The ring of fire
b. A place famous for being a hot spot.
c. A place famous for a transform plate boundary.
d. A place famous for continental- continental convergent plate boundaries.
LT 3.3: I can explain the evolution of tectonic theory, the evidence used to develop the theory and possible
mechanisms for plate tectonics.
47. Give 5 pieces of evidence for Pangaea.
48. How long ago was Pangaea?
49. Will the continents ever get back together?
50. Continental drift is the term used for continents moving. How is that different from plate tectonics?
51. What is a possible mechanism for plate tectonics?
52. Draw what could be happening in the mantle to make the plates move.
LT 3.4: I can describe the different waves produced by earthquakes, I can use this data to determine an
earthquake’s epicenter and I can describe the causes of earthquakes.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
What are the possible causes of earthquakes?
What is the difference of between an epicenter and a focus?
What is a seismic wave?
What is the difference between a body wave and a surface wave of an earthquake?
Describe the 4 types of seismic waves:
a. P (primary) waves
b. S (secondary) waves
c. Love waves
d. Rayleigh Waves
58. What the two big differences about how P waves travel through the earth and how and S wave travels?
59. What are the steps to finding the epicenter of an earthquake?
60. What is a tsunami?
Potter
Name: ___________________________________
Earth Science
Date: ____________________
Hour: ____________
LT 3.5: I can classify the different types of volcanoes based on their type of magma, slope, and location.
61. What is the difference between magma and lava?
62. What is the difference between mafic and felsic lava?
63. What are the three types of volcanoes?
64. Describe the difference between a cinder cone volcano, composite volcano, and a shield volcano in terms of
a. Type of magma
b. Slope
c. explosiveness
65. What is a typical warning sign of a volcanic eruption?
66. What is a caldera?
Unit 4: Rock Cycles Study Guide
LT 4.1 I can interpret the environment during the formation of igneous rocks.
67. Igneous rock is made from?
68. Make this table on your paper:
Conditions when made?
Type of Igneous Rock
Extrusive
Intrusive
69. Make this table on your paper:
70. Igneous rock is also classified as Mafic or Felsic
Made of?
Type of Igneous rock
Mafic
Felsic
Texture (crystals) looks like?
How does it look?
LT 4.2 I can interpret the environment during the formation of sedimentary rocks.
71. How is sedimentary rock made?
72. Make this table on your paper:
Type of Sedimentary Rock
Clastic
Chemical
Biological (organic)
How made?
What does it look like?
LT 4.3. I can interpret the environment during the formation of metamorphic rocks.
73. Make this table on your paper: There are two types of Metamorphic rocks:
How made?
How does it look?
Type of Metamorphic Rock
Foliated
Nonfoliated
74. What is the difference between contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism?
LT 4.4. I can describe how each of the 3 types of rocks are made.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
Name the three types of rocks.
Where do igneous rocks come from?
What are some differences between mafic and felsic rock?
What do sedimentary rocks get made from?
What two things create metamorphic rocks?
Potter
Name: ___________________________________
Earth Science
Date: ____________________
Hour: ____________
80. What are metamorphic rocks made from?
81. What is partial melting and fractional crystallization?
82. Draw the rock cycle. Label the 3 types of rocks, sediments, and magma and label each arrow showing how one
type of rock can become another type of rock.
83. Explain the process of recycling rocks. Explain how new rocks are “made” and how they get “destroyed.”
84. How is the rock cycle like the Carbon cycle?
Age of Rocks Study Guide
LT 1: I can map out a basic history of the earth, including key events.
85. What are the three main eras of life on earth?
86. What types of animal are each known for?
87. What is the name of the period of time before the eras?
88. Each era ends in what type of event?
89. Here is a list of important developments in the earth’s history. Place them in order from first to last.
a. Dinosaur extinction (Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary or K-T boundary)
b. Formation of oxygen atmosphere
c. Permian extinction (Pangaea)
d. First Life
e. First “man” hominids show up.
f. Earth forms
g. Pleistocine ice age
LT 2: I can explain and calculate the age of a sample using radioactive decay to determine absolute age.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
What is does it mean when something is radioactive?
What is a half-life?
How are radioactive elements used to age rocks?
Why can’t all radioactive materials be used to date dinosaurs and older stuff?
What is the difference between relative dating and absolute dating?
Which of the three types of rock (sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic) is used for radiometric dating?
In which type of rocks would you find most fossils?
Carbon-14 has a half life of about 5000 years.
a. How long will it take for Carbon-14 to go from 80 grams to 5 grams?
b. If you have 240g of Carbon -14, how much will you have after 20,000 years?
c. Why isn’t carbon-14 used to date dinosaur fossils?
98. You find the following rock near a fossil you’re looking at: It contains 5 grams of Carbon-14.
Carbon-14 s a radioactive isotope and we know the following facts:
1. One, its half-life is about 5000 years old
2. Two, when carbon-14 atoms break up, it breaks down into Carbon-12.
We discover that there are 35 grams of carbon-12. If we assume (and we should) that all of the carbon-12 started
off as Carbon-14, how old is the rock and the fossil next to it? Show your work.
LT 3: I can age rocks using relative aging techniques and laws.
99. What is the law of superposition?
100. What is an index fossil?
101. What is the crosscutting relationship?
102. What is the difference between a fold and a fault?
Potter
Name: ___________________________________
Earth Science
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
Date: ____________________
Hour: ____________
What is older, the fault under layer O or K?
Is that fault older than D?
What is the law that tells you what is older between a fault or intrusion and the rest of the rocks?
What is the law that tells you what is older if there are layers of sedimentary rocks?
What is older, C or N?
What type of rock (sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous) is K?
What is older, I or H?
Place all the letters in order in which they occurred.
What type of aging is this?
Why won’t you find fossils in N?