Name __________________________
4th Six Weeks Test Review
Day length and Seasons
1. Seasons are caused by Earth’s________________ as it ___________________________around
the sun.
2. Label the seasons for the N. hemisphere
b.
c.
a.
d.
3. When it is winter in the N. hemisphere, it is ________________ in the S. hemisphere and when
it is summer in the N. hemisphere it is __________________ in the S. hemisphere.
Use the diagram below to help you explain why different parts to the earth experience
changes in day length throughout the year.
4. During the summer, the day length is ______________ because Earth tilts __________ the sun
receiving _______________ sunlight.
During the winter, day length is ____________________ because Earth tilts _______________
from the sun receiving _______________ sunlight.
Label day length on the diagram.
5.
List the seasons in order starting with winter. _________________________________________
Moon Phases
6. Label the phases of the moon.
c.
a.
d.
b.
e.
a.
f.
h.
g.
7. The light we see from the moon comes from ____________________. The moon is always
___________ lit. The amount of the lighted portion of the moon we see changes throughout its
orbit around the earth because the angle created between the __________, __________, &
__________.
8. The moon takes ______________ to make a complete revolution around the Earth meaning that
each of the moon phases last approximately _________ days.
Tides
9. Tides are caused by the _____________________________________________________ and
the _______________________ of the earth on its axis.
10. On the diagram below, place an x on the location of a high tide.
11. Label the types of tides occurring in the diagram below.
a.
b.
12. Label where high tides and low tides are occurring in the above diagram.
13. A spring tide occurs during the __________________ and __________________ phases of the
moon which result in _________________ than normal tidal ranges. The moon, sun, and earth
form a ______________________________________.
14. A neap tide occurs during the __________________ and __________________ phases of the
moon which result in _________________ than normal tidal ranges. The moon, sun, and earth
form a ______________________________________.
15. Label each situation below with correct tide : Spring, Neap, or Normal
High Tide Level
Low Tide Level
Tidal Range
Tide
Situation 1
12 feet above sea level
8 feet above sea level
Situation 2
20 feet above sea level
1 foot above sea level
Situation 3
10 feet above sea level
2 feet above sea level
Characteristics of the Universe
16. All stars begin as _________________________________.
17. As an average star depletes its hydrogen, it becomes a ____________________ , later becoming
a _______________________________ and will eventually die as a _______________________.
18. As a massive star depletes its hydrogen, it becomes a ____________________________ that will
explode in a ___________________________ eventually becoming either a
___________________ star or a ____________________________.
Describe what is happening between each point of the diagram below.
19. Between points A and C: _________________________________________________________
20. Between points C and D: _________________________________________________________
21. Between points D and E: _________________________________________________________
22. Between points E and F: _________________________________________________________
23. At which point in the diagram above is fusion taking place? ______________________
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
24. HR diagrams show the relationships between _________________________ and
_______________________________ of stars in the universe.
25. On an HR Diagram you find the _____________ stars on the left side and the _______________
stars on the right side.
26. On an HR Diagram you find the ________________ stars along the top and the ______________
stars along the bottom.
27. The most stable stars on the HR diagram are _________________________________ stars.
28. Identify the types of galaxies below.
a.
b.
c.
29. Which type of galaxy is the earth found in? ______________________________
30. Place the following in order from smallest to largest:
galaxy,
solar system,
star,
moon,
universe,
planet.
______________________________________________________________________________
Characteristics of the Sun
31. Fusion occurs when ______________________ atoms fuse to form ______________ with the
resulting change in mass releases energy.
32. What type of star is our sun? (circle one) MASSIVE or AVERAGE
33. Our sun is a ___________ _______________________star and is the color
_________________.
34. Where is our sun located within the Milky Way galaxy? ___________________________.
35. If our sun is an _______________ size star why is it the largest star we see?
__________________________________________________________________________
Electromagnetic Spectrum
36. Astronomers can study characteristics of distant ___________________ and galaxies because
they emit ____________________________.
37. EM waves are produced by __________________.
38. As the energy and frequency of a wave increase, the wave gets______________ therefore, as
the energy and frequency decrease the wave gets ______________.
39. The EM wave that has the longest wavelength, lowest frequency, and lowest energy is the
___________________ wave.
40. The EM wave that has the shortest wavelength, highest frequency, and highest energy is the
___________________ wave.
41. List the 7 types of EM waves in order from longest wavelength to shortest._________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Light years
42.
43.
44.
45.
A light year measures the ___________________ light travels in a ______________________.
The distance a light year travels in kilometers is ____________________________.
Light years are used by astronomers because ________________________________________.
If Regulus in the Leo constellation is 85 light years from earth, the light we will see tonight was
actually created in the year _____________________.
Theories of the Origin of the Universe
46. The Big bang theory states that the universe was once a __________________________ and it
_____________________________ creating the universe as we know it.
47. Astronomers agree with this theory because Edwin Hubble discovered that the galaxies are
_____________________________________ meaning that the universe is _________________.
48. Based on what we know about the size of the universe, it can be concluded that it is made up
mostly of __________________________________.