Brenda Crabtree’s basket weaving module
INTRODUCTION - PART 1
Camera 1
[00:00:32.06] Hi, my name is Brenda Crabtree and I'm a member of the Spusum
band. The Spusum band is located in the Fraser canyon and it's part of the
?Lakakmat? territory.
[00:00:43.27] I've been fortunate in my life to have many women teach me
weaving techniques....
INTRODUCTION - PART 2
Camera 1
[00:01:04.25] My artistic passion is weaving and primarily weaving with cedar.
Cedar bark and cedar roots.
[00:01:12.20] My grandmother was my first weaving teacher and I have had
many women in my life who have helped me improve my skills and learn a
variety of techniques for weaving with this amazing material.
[00:01:28.07] Cedar is actually known as the tree of life in this territory.
[00:01:33.01] It's used for many, many different things.
The wood is used for canoes and for building long houses. The bark is used for
clothing and baskets. The roots are also used for baskets. and the ?bows? are
often used for ceremonial purposes.
INTRODUCTION - DEMONSTRATION DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRADITIONAL
BASKETS
Camera 1
[00:07:00.23] One of the more recent baskets that I've completed is this double
walled cedar bark basket, and you can see that it's a basic utilitarian style basket
on the inside. However on the outside I've cut the cedar much finer and have
embellished it with some flying geese and some geometrical patterns.
[00:07:22.17] You can see how the basket started out, as just a plain twill weave
on the bottom. And then you can progress and use your artistic license to
complete the basket in any style that you want.
1
[00:07:38.00] One of the other projects I'm working on is this cedar hat. And it too
takes a fair bit of expertise for processing the materials down to a workable
size...
INTERVIEW - FAMILY HISTORY and PERPETUATION THE WEAVING
TRADITION
Camera 1
[01:00:38.10] I think I've been very lucky to have a grandmother that nurtured my
passion for weaving.
[01:00:45.25] I think she would forgive me for all the times that I complained
about having to help her peel the cedar roots when I was younger and a teen.
[01:00:55.03] And I hope that she would be very proud of the fact that I am also
very passionate about perpetuating this art form, about teaching, about sharing.
And that was certainly something that I learnt from her.
[01:01:10.22] I also understand that not everyone has access to either the
materials or the types of teaching that I've been lucky enough to get.
[01:01:19.28] I think that... my response would be: pick up anything. If your
passionate about weaving. Pick up any materials that you feel comfortable with.
Think a little bit outside of the box.
[01:01:35.16] This is an example of a style of basket that's traditionally a birch
bark basket, but I had an extra piece of deer hide.
[01:01:45.27] So I just sewed it into the shape of a basket or a container using a
piece of the cedar bark around the rim.
[01:01:54.09] A friend of mine made a small container or basket out of a
dehydrated orange. So she's utilizing waste products from her kitchen, and she
also used cantaloupe peel and grapefruit peel.
[01:02:09.11] Some of the other materials that you can use are bull rush. Bull
rush fiber is a lot easier to get. It's plentiful in the marshes. You can use the same
weaving techniques as you use the cedar for.
[01:02:23.11] You can use instead of yellow cedar twining. You can use thread,
you can use copper wire, you can really just use recycled materials, renewable
resources. And just really using the age old traditional techniques, you can
combine materials and techniques and come up with something completely new.
2
INTERVIEW - HER OWN FAMILY
Camera 1
[01:02:59.07] My children grew up with so much cedar bark in our garage at
home.
[01:03:07.22] Not only that but they're afraid to go into the freezer because I keep
deer hooves handy in the freezer to make the deer bone awls. So I get major
complaints from my family about articles that they find in the freezer.
[01:03:23.09] Yes both my children know the basics of basketry, but more
importantly, they were my first hand helpers all these years growing up for
harvesting and processing the cedar bark.
[01:02:23.11] You can use instead of yellow cedar twining. You can use thread,
you can use copper wire, you can really just use recycled materials, renewable
resources. And just really using the ?age old? traditional techniques, you can
combine materials and techniques and come up with something completely new.
PREPPING - CEDAR HARVESTING, PROCESSING, TOOLS
Take 1
Camera 1
[00:01:53.20] Cedar trees can grow up to a height of approximately 17 meters
and they can actually reach a width of 4 meters in diameter.
[00:02:08.14] When we harvest cedar bark it's generally during the summer
months, when the sap is running. And cedar bark can only ever be live harvested
once from a tree. Once a tree has been harvested for the purposes of making a
basket. it's then deemed a culturally modified tree.
[00:02:30.10] And what we do is we gather the bark. We remove the outer bark
from the inner bark. And this is what we usually leave the forest with. So we have
a roll of bark that is quite damp and wet at the time that we harvest it.
[00:02:47.27] We then dry it and it can be left dry for many, many years, until
we're ready to use it and have a project that we need it for.
[00:02:56.14] And then it has to be reconstituted and it's soaked in water until it's
pliable and ready to use.
[00:03:03.14] Once we have a project in mind, we soak the cedar and this is red
inner cedar bark, and this is yellow inner cedar bark.
3
[00:03:15.05] We actually have a number of ways that we process it down to the
size and width that we need it for our project.
[00:03:24.26] So you can see that we have a variety of different sizes of yellow
and red inner cedar bark here.
[00:03:34.09] And some of the tools that we use are traditionally made from bone
from a deer. And these are called awls A-W-L. And they're actually used for
packing down the twining in the cedar basket.
[00:03:51.04] So this is a cedar basket that has been started. And you can see
that it's actually a completed basked inside. It's got some of the materials and
supplies inside of it.
[00:04:05.03] But the outer wall hasn't been finished yet. So this is where
sometimes the design will come in.
[00:04:10.28] And this is one of my more recently completed baskets. And you
can see that it started out fairly wide on the bottom.
[00:04:21.10] It's also got an inner basket in it. So this is termed a double walled
basket, And then I've cut the cedar strips finer on the outside so that I could
manipulate it a little bit for design elements.
[00:04:39.06] And you can see that I've dyed some of the inner cedar bark for the
bird figure and for some of the geometrical figures in there.
PREPPING - CEDAR HARVESTING, PROCESSING, TOOLS
Camera 1
Take 2
Extra comments on tools:
[00:05:48.14] Some of the traditional tools that are used... have been used and
are still used today, are bone awls and these are from the femur of a deer.
[00:05:59.19] And they are just sharpened to a point so that you can use some
for packing down your materials when you're weaving a basket.
[00:06:27.14] So some of the tools that were used traditionally and are still used
today are the deer bone awls and these are made from the femur of a deer bone.
[00:06:36.25] They are used for packing down the materials and will be giving a
demonstration of that shortly.
4
[00:06:42.26] Also we have needle cases made out of bone, and we have actual
needles made out of bone.
[00:06:49.05] So those are just some of the tools that a basket weaver will use.
PREPPING - CONTEMPORARY WEAVING and PROCESSES
Camera 1
[00:08:00.23] So we have traditional weaving projects such as the baskets, the
hats, we have clothing that's made traditionally.
[00:08:09.12]However we also have contemporary objects that are made with
inner cedar bark. And we work very hard to get the materials, get them
processed, and weave with them.
[00:08:22.22] And traditionally they would've used all of the tiny little scraps as an
absorbent material. So they would pound it and use it for baby diapers as sort of
a paper towel. But today we work just as hard to get our inner cedar bark, and we
don't wan to waste any part of it once we've done all of the processing.
[00:08:43.04] So some of the more contemporary objects that we make are cedar
paper.
[00:08:48.27] So we have cedar paper that we can print on. We can also make
cedar bowls, cedar objects. We have cedar profiles, cedar masks. And we have
a variety of small cedar projects.
[00:09:04.02] Such as earrings, frogs, hearts, things that maybe might be more
geared towards working with children in elementary school projects.
BASE - PART 1
Camera 1
Take 1
[00:09:57.00] One of the more common techniques for beginning a cedar basket
is the twill weave base.
[00:10:04.23] And we have the twill weave base on this basket. We also have a
sample of twill weave on this purse. It's a little bit different; it's a little finer woven.
It actually just gives it strength.
5
[00:10:22.25] And I'm going to show you the start of a twill weave basket base.
We're actually going to be looking at weaving just a small utilitarian basket like
this one with both red and yellow cedar bark
[00:10:36.05] So I'm going to begin by lining up my strips of cedar.
[00:10:41.03] And working with cedar is really a slow unpredictable journey of...
you try and prepare the materials as best as you can. You try and pick the best
cedar bark available. But because it's an organic material. Sometimes things
happen.
[00:11:00.08] So what you also have to be very aware of, is that you have to be
adaptable to repairing... maybe a strip might split in the middle of weaving a
basket. And you have to be comfortable enough with the material that you are
able to carry on and replace it, or fix a problem.
[00:11:22.04] So I'm going to begin with 5 strips. I always line them up at the
edge of the table.
[00:11:26.10] Because this is a small project I can just use my hand as a clamp.
If I were working on a bigger project, I would clamp it down with a ruler so I would
have both hands free.
[00:11:37.07] But with this one, I'm going to begin by doing the twill weave basket
base. And it's over 2, under 2. And you just literally follow the pattern. And if I
follow this pattern...
BASE - PART 1
Camera 1
Take 2
[00:12:00.03] So we're beginning with the twill weave basket base. And our little
basket that we're making today, is just a little 5 strand by 5 strand basket.
[00:12:10.02] We're going to follow the typical twill weave basket base.
[00:12:14.08] We have one completed here, but I just want to show you how
easy it is to start and that's the... I’m lining up 5 strands fairly close together at
the table edge.
[00:12:24.09] And I'm literally just following my twill weave pattern. And so it's
over 2, under 2, over 1, under 2. And you follow the basic pattern until you get
your 5 by 5 pieces woven.
6
[00:12:42.14] The twill weave is a 4-row pattern that just repeats. So this is
actually 5 rows and so we're just going to repeat, once we finish the first 4 rows,
we just repeat row 1 again.
BASE - PART 2
Camera 1
[00:13:44.10] So when you're weaving the base of the basket, and you've
decided on the pattern and the twill weave. You actually begin your weaving with
manipulating the strands.
[00:13:59.27] I follow the pattern that I want for this and often there are
inconsistencies in measurements.
[00:14:07.14] So what you do is you have to get your materials as tight as
possible. As tight as possible to each other before you actually start the next
step.
[00:14:17.20] And the other thing that I've done with this, is I've measured so that
it's relatively equal distance form all 4 corners of the basket base for materials.
[00:14:29.02] And this can be manipulated. At this point your cedar bark is damp
and wet, you can pull strands from the middle. You can pull strands from the
edge. It's very malleable at this point.
[00:14:41.29] Once we have everything ready to go, we're ready to start the 2
strand twining.
TWINING - PART1
Camera 1
Take2
[00:19:15.18] Ok, so we've completed the twill weave basket base now. And we
need to start with the twining. And the hat you can see is primarily made out of 2
strand twining. The basket is primarily all 2 strand twining.
[00:19:32.04] And this is actually a very simple technique with just a few rules
that if you follow can go very smoothly.
[00:19:38.14] So I've soaked the dried yellow cedar twining. It's just like leather.
It's just an amazing material.
7
[00:19:46.24] And I never start in the corners, I always start in the center
because where ever you start is where you have to end. And if you're ending in
corners it sometimes makes it too bulky.
[00:19:58.05] So I'm going to pick up a middle strand here. I've loosened up my 2
strand twining, and I'm going to drape it around the spoke.
[00:20:09.20] So 1 piece of twining on either side.
[00:20:14.00] You need to remember that the strand on the right is always down
towards the center of the basket base. And really you're only ever dealing with
the strand on the left.
[00:20:26.04] So to begin my 2 strand twining I'm going to go in front of the
spoke. And behind the next spoke. And that's it. I'm going to lay the strand down
towards the center of the base again.
[00:20:40.23] So here I start again, I'm starting with the left hand side twining. I'm
going to go in front of the next spoke, and behind. And I'm going to lay that down.
[00:20:52.07] It's very important to remember to lay it down towards the center
and always go over top the strand to the right. Because if you tend to go
underneath, It's improper twining and it won't hold. It will just become very loose.
[00:21:05.29] So this actually locks it down, using that technique. And that's why
it's so relevant and important.
TWINING - PART2
Camera 1
[00:21:14.22] So remembering that the strand on the right hand side of the spoke
is always laying down towards the center of the basket, and it's always the strand
on the left that goes in front of the spoke.
[00:21:28.21] And behind the next spoke.
[00:21:31.17] Now at this point I want to make sure that my tension is ok. So I'm
gently tugging on it to make sure that I've got a good tight weave. But not tugging
on it so hard that it will buckle, that it will buckle the spoke over.
[00:21:45.26] So it's just a little bit of practice and just watching what you're
doing.
[00:21:52.08] So I'll continue on. And I'll lay the strand to the right down towards
the center. I'll pick up the one on the left and I'll go in front of and behind.
8
[00:22:06.04] And that's routine that I'm going to get into. Gently pulling, I'll stop
every once in a while. Use my awl to gently pack it down.
[00:22:15.11] And I'll just carry on. The one on the right hand side stays down.
And it goes in front of and behind.
[00:22:22.22] And also remembering to try and keep your strands of twining
laying flat. And not let them twist. It just makes for a really nice flat even surface.
[00:22:32.25] In front of and behind.
[00:22:36.17] In front of and behind.
[00:22:39.16] Don't worry about little strands that pop up, we can always trim
those off later on.
[00:22:48.06] In front of and behind.
[00:22:52.22] And at the same time, we're going to be checking tension.
[00:23:01.06] And we're going to be making sure that this twill weave basket
base is pushed in as tight as possible. And we'll carry on until we've completed
the whole row of 2-strand twining to set the base.
TWINING - PART3
Camera 1
[00:23:16.19] So when you're working with your materials you've obviously
started with them damp to make them pliable. And often during the weaving
process you may have to give it a little spritz of water.
[00:23:28.14] Just to keep things damp enough that they're pliable. You don't
want to over soak the materials because that makes the materials swell.
[00:23:36.14] They absorb the water and then you actually end up with a looser
basket if they're over soaked. Because when they dry, it shrinks in.
[00:23:44.11] So you just want to keep it wet enough that you can manipulate it.
[00:23:49.08] So I'm going to carry on with the 2 strand twining again.
[00:23:52.10] There is a strand on the right of the spoke, a strand on the left of
the spoke. We always just leave the strand to the right down. And we go over top
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of it, and we go in front of the spoke, and behind the next spoke. And I'm going to
drop it down.
[00:24:07.11] That is essentially 2 strand twining. I’m going to go in front of the
spoke, behind the next spoke; I'm watching that I don't twist my twining.
[00:24:18.11] I'm also at this point going to gently, gently pack it down. While at
the same time watch my tension as I'm pulling it side ways, laterally.
[00:24:29.06] So I'm going to carry on. Strand to the right, down.
Strand to the left, in front of and behind.
[00:24:41.22] In front of and behind.
[00:24:44.25] And that is essentially 2 strand twining and with this technique
alone, you can weave hats, you can weave complete baskets, with variations of
this 2 strand twining.
[00:24:56.26] So essentially you just carry on and complete your base.
TWINING - PART3
Camera 1
Take 1
[00:27:56.26] One of the things that we also need to address is what happens if
one of your strands breaks, or if one of your strands runs out.
[00:28:06.22] What you do is simply overlap. So I take another piece of twining
and I've got it ready to overlap. I'm not worried about hiding it, or securing it at
this point. I am just going to buddy it up.
[00:28:21.20] So I will either put it directly in front of or directly behind another
strand. Like that.
[00:28:29.20] Or alternately, for the shorter one, I can put it in front of.
[00:28:41.01] And I simply carry on my twining with 2 pieces.
[00:28:44.25] Once you get a little more proficient to twining and you're feeling a
little more secure about working with the material. You may want to thing down
one of the pieces slightly so that you don't have double the thickness.
[00:28:57.07] But that will come with experience.
10
[00:28:59.25] So you can see that I've got a shorter strand happening here. I'm
going to double them up.
[00:29:05.06] And I'm going to work them just as one.
[00:29:07.29] So in front of and behind. Drop them down. And I do that for 1 or 2
spokes.
[00:29:16.00] Take the longer one, in front of and behind. Here's my doubled up
piece. And at this point when I go in front of and a behind, I will just drop it and
leave it.
[00:29:26.18] When the cedar dries it won't move, it won't go anywhere. And
what I will do is I'll backtrack and I will just trim that piece off. It's not going to go
anywhere once it dries.
[00:29:38.14] And I'll pack this down. And there I've added on another whole long
piece of twining. And I could carry on and weave a basket this size. And just
keep adding in cedar twining, so pieces of cedar.
[00:29:54.02] So that's just another element to basketry.
UPSETTING THE SPOKES - PART1
Camera 1
[00:31:24.19] So we've completed the twill weave basket base. We've also
completed the 2 rows of 2-strand twining to secure the base.
[00:31:33.21] Now we're going to proceed to what we call upsetting the spoke.
Before I do that I will look at both sides of the basket. And I can choose which
side I want it to be the inside of the basket, which side I would like to be the
outside of the basket.
[00:31:49.02] So I will put the inside of the basket side up. And I'm going to start
upsetting the spokes.
[00:31:57.23] I'm just going to be going from spoke to spoke and I'm going to be
pressing them forward with my fingers.
[00:32:06.22] Bark has a memory and so when I go to do my weaving around the
sides of the basket, I want it already prepared and already have a memory
imprinted into it. So that it would be a little easier for me for actually weaving up
the sides.
[00:33:05.05] There. Now we've upset the spokes.
11
WEFT - PART1
Camera 1
Take 1
[00:34:45.17] So we've upset the spokes, we bent them. They've got their
memory and now we're ready to start up the side of the basket.
[00:34:53.07] So I'm going to take the side of the spokes that are closest to me,
that are facing me. And I'm going to lift them up. And re-press them.
[00:35:04.05] This part of weaving a basket for me, is both the most exciting part
and it's the most stressful part.
[00:35:10.20] This is by far I think the most difficult row in weaving any basket.
[00:35:16.05] And so we've got the spokes ready to go, we really want to keep
them evenly spaced. We don't want them crossing over. We don't want them
overlapping.
[00:35:25.06] And now I'm going to take an independent spoke. That's going to
be my weft piece, my wrap around piece. And what I'm going to do, is just like the
twining.
[00:35:34.25] I'm going to start it in the middle, I'm not going to start it at the
corner. And it's just a very basic basket weave so it's the over, under or in front of
and behind weave.
[00:35:47.28] So we've got a bunch of different things happening here. We're
going to be weaving the spoke in and out. Completely around the basket until it
meets where we started.
[00:35:58.11] At the same time, you're going to be doing your 2 strand twining.
And because the spokes aren't all upright at this point. It's like, its a little bit of a
struggle to make sure everything's happening correctly at the same time.
[00:36:16.25] So don't forget with your 2 strand twining you really need to keep
your tension even when you're doing it. And at the same time keeping your
spokes up right and even.
[00:36:29.14] So I've got my 2 strand twining and it's the same rule of twining. I
never worry about the piece of twining on the right hand side.
[00:36:36.07] I want it going down towards the base of the basket.
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And the piece of twining that's on the left hand side is going to go in front of and
behind.
[00:36:48.00] So there you have it. We've started the spoke, we got the twining
happening. I will very gently be pushing the twining down as I'm going along.
[00:36:58.04] And definitely the most difficult aspect of starting a basket and most
weavers will say is the biggest struggle, is getting around that corner.
[00:37:08.00] So there's just a couple of things you have to remember. You have
to remember that you want this not pulling too tight that's it's going to buckle your
bark.
[00:37:17.17] And you want to pull up on it, because you don't want too big of a
space left there. At the same time that you're holding it with your 2-strand twining.
[00:37:28.16] So it's really a good idea to take your time to really exert all the
patience that you have when you’re doing this first row. And once you get the first
row set, it just goes by so quickly.
[00:37:42.00] And remember at the same time, I have to remember to go in front
of the spoke and behind the spoke.
[00:37:49.05] I'll stop. It's a little bit of a wrestling exercise just trying to free your
fingers up.
[00:37:54.29] I'm pretty happy with the tension in here. Although I'm always
reminding myself that I need those spokes to line up.
[00:38:05.16] Pretty carefully here.
[00:38:08.26] Then at this point I'm going to go back and I'm going to look up my
corner. And I'm going to make sure that the strands are pushed down, that my
tension is ok.
[00:38:20.20] The bark is damp so I can manipulate it.
[00:38:24.15] And then we'll continue. We'll go around the complete basket until
we reach where we started.
WEFT - PART 2 - SIDES OF THE BASKET
Camera 1
[00:43:47.15] So now we've completely woven the spoke, the very first spoke. On
the first row around to where we started.
13
[00:43:58.17] And we know that we started in the middle of the basket, so it's not
too bulky in the corner. And we've got the end of the spoke here. And for this row
and for every other row, I usually just take a small pair of scissors and cut it to a
point and I feed it through.
[00:44:16.06] And essentially I'm going to pull it and I have sort of control of the
tension of this spoke. So I'm not going to cut it until I've completely finished the
row.
[00:44:28.07] Now I've got that well attached. I'm going to finish my 2 strand
twining. And generally I like to do at least 2 rows of 2-strand twining around.
[00:44:42.13] And I will just carry on. I've got my first row there. And I will just
carry on with these strands.
[00:44:52.10] And do yet another row. And at this point when I'm finishing, I'm off
doing my second row of 2 strand twining.
[00:45:02.13] And I've packed it all down. What I do is I usually handle 2 spokes
at a time and I very gently work my awl. So I'm pulling up on the spokes, pushing
down on the awl. To get as tight a weave as I can.
[00:45:17.22] I can then trim this off equal to the outer spoke so it won't show.
And carry on and complete my second row of 2 strand twining.
WEFT - PART 3 - SIDES OF THE BASKET
Camera 1
Take 1
[00:47:54.01] Ok. So now we have completed that stressful first row of our
basket. And it's just fabulous because from here on in, your really can use your
artistic license to either cut the spokes down, to weave a finer basket, you can
start mapping out your design.
[00:48:15.12] There are just a couple of cautions that you have to remember
when you're working up the sides of your basket. And one is: whichever side
you've started on, alternate sides.
[00:48:26.19] Because obviously you don't want overlapping pieces on the same
side going up, overlapping spokes. So in this basket, I've finished on this side so
I'm going to start on the opposite side.
14
[00:48:39.06] The other thing that you have to be cautious with is you feel like
you have so much control at this point. You just feel so excited... you're not really
struggling; you're not wrestling with the spokes at the same time.
[00:48:53.18] And another thing is you may want to vary your over under pattern.
So if I've gone under on this spoke, I may want to go over. That's just using your
artistic license. You can decide how you want to do that.
[00:49:09.12] But once again, I'm going to start in the middle. I'm going to
remember to weave the in and out with my spoke. I'm going to be really over
cautious about my tension because at this point, people get so excited, and they
want a tight weave on their basket, that often they pull it too tight going around.
[00:49:31.14] I just feel that if you can use the rule of thumb that: don't let these
spokes overlap. Relax them but stand them very straight up, side-by-side without
them crossing over. And if you remember to do that, you'll just find this row and
subsequent rows just an absolute breeze. And just so much fun to weave.
[00:49:53.26] So there I am
[00:49:57.03] And I'm going to carry on. I'm going to keep my tension to the side.
I'm going to make sure that I gently pull up on my spokes to pack it down as
much as possible without squishing the spokes on the bottom.
[00:50:15.08] And I'm going to carry on. Complete this row and finish exactly
what overlapping, exactly as I did the first row.
RIM - PART 1
Camera 1
Take 1
[00:52:56.17] So now we're ready to do the rim on the basket. We've done a few
rows. I could carry on and keep going. But for the purposes of this
demonstration, I am going to show you how to do the fold down lumi edge.
[00:53:11.20] This edge was actually taught to me by lumi basket weaver Anna
Jefferson.
[00:53:17.28] To begin this edge, we have a single piece of twining. We don't
double it up this time. We're just going to leave it. And again we're going to start
in the middle of the row. We don't want to start on any of the corners or the
edges.
[00:53:32.24] And I'm just going to drop it in behind. I'm going to leave about a 2
or 3 inch tail on that piece.
15
[00:53:40.18] I'm going to take my wrap around spoke, and I'm going to set it in,
behind. And I want to keep my rim nice and close to the edge of the 2 rows of
twining.
[00:53:54.07] So to do this fold-down edge. I've just got the spoke and the wrap
around piece. And I'm going to do half of an X. So I'm crossing over from the left
hand corner, to the upper right hand corner.
[00:54:12.16] I'm going to fold down over that piece. And I'm going to press it
quite hard with my fingers.
[00:54:21.04] I'm going to take my scissors and I'm going to measure over 1, 2
spokes, but only cut the piece that I've folded down.
[00:54:31.27] And that's essentially it. Then I bring the next spoke to the front.
[00:54:36.18] And that is completing 1 section of that. So I'm going to start all
over again.
[00:54:42.07] I've got the piece of twining from the lower left hand side of the
spoke. I'm going to go up, create half of an X to the upper right hand corner.
[00:54:53.29] Wrap it around the spoke. Fold it down. Press it quite hard with my
fingers.
[00:55:02.14] I'm going to measure over 1, 2, cut.
[00:55:08.05] And I'm going to bring the next spoke to the front.
[00:55:11.25] And this is an absolutely magical edge because it not only looks
fantastic from the outside and it's a very strong, stable, rim, but it also looks very
neat and tidy on the inside.
[00:55:25.27] So we'll just do one more take on this. We'll just do half of an X.
Wrap it around the spoke.
[00:55:36.07] Fold it down. Press it tightly. Measure 1, 2. Approximately. Cut.
And next spoke to the front.
[00:55:50.03] And there you have the start of your lumi edge rim.
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