Faculty: Dr. K. Russell “Rusty” Shekha Class Location: Barney Davis 113 Class Time: Monday & Wednesday 130-250PM Office Hours: Monday 11AM-12PM, Thursday 1-2PM or by appointment Email address: shekhar@denison.edu Phone: x8553 COURSE INTRODUCTION “Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.” - Article 1, United Nations Declaration of Human Rights “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” - The Declaration of Independence “…the dignity and worth of the human person, the entitlement of all persons to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual…” - Preamble, Antigua and Barbuda 1981 Constitution The world is full of indignities, inequities, and atrocities found within, and against, our own. Yet, humans have responded to these challenges in innovative and inspiring ways. While democracy and economic development are often seen as hallmarks of societies looking to improve the basic human condition, in contemporary times human rights have entered the framework of what an advanced society should aspire to and do. More incredibly, while diverse societies define these rights based on their own cultural perspectives, histories, and contexts, all contemporary nationstates, whether liberal democracies or authoritarian dictatorships, participate in negotiating what a set of universal human rights are and should be. This class focuses on social, cultural, political, economic, environmental, and identity based inequalities and how they are addressed by human rights in Latin America. The Latin American and Caribbean regions are filled with diverse and unique societies and cultures that share a common history of colonization by the Western world (also known as the global North), that share similar trajectories towards contemporary understandings of human rights, and that have made exciting contributions to an international system of universal human rights through their own struggles and interactions with other countries. In this course we use an interdisciplinary strategy grounded in sociology, anthropology and Latin American and Caribbean studies to learn about human rights in the Americas, including the United States, and ask the following questions: 1 1. What are human rights? What are the different types of human rights? Who defines them and how? What is inequality and what are its different forms? 2. How did the vast and diverse region of Latin America come to a discourse of universal human rights? What unique impacts have Latin American nations and peoples had on international discussions and developments of human rights? 3. What are the movements that have mobilized for human rights in the region? Who has been most affected by them? How have understandings of rights in Latin America changed since periods of military dictatorships? What are the contemporary struggles surrounding social, economic, and cultural rights and how have these had a continuing impact on those most vulnerable in these countries? 4. How have Latin American countries made human rights central to their political, social, and cultural identities? How does the institutionalization of human rights, from adopting international treaties to constitutionalizing specific rights, compare to their actual level of commitment in contemporary times. 5. How does commitment to human rights in Latin American nations compare to that of the United States? What lessons may we pull from this comparison? More specifically we will examine: 1. The definitions of universal human rights and inequalities. What the sociology and anthropology of human rights is and what the distinct tradition of human rights in Latin America is. 2. The historical trajectories of cultures and societies in Central and South American and the Caribbean towards nationhood, post-colonialism, progress, modernization, dependence, democracy, development, and universal human rights from the time of independence and national liberation to today. 3. The impact of military dictatorships and violence on the need for Civil and Political Rights in Latin American nations, and the continuing turn to Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights as democratic transitions have matured. 4. The condition of human rights in Latin American countries in contemporary times. 5. The institutionalization of human rights in these countries through the implementation of international laws at the national level and the implications for this important trend. 6. The constitutions of each country, their commitment to human rights, and how they compare to the United States of America’s Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, and Constitution. COURSE GOALS 1. To learn how to think, write, questions, construct knowledge about Latin America and human rights using sociological and anthropological perspectives. 2. To gain and build new understandings of your own interests in Latin American societies and cultures, universal human rights, and engage your classmates and the outside world in a conversation about universal human rights, inequalities, and the Americas. 3. To apply your new understandings to historical and contemporary human rights movements, challenges, and successes in Latin America. 4. To make comparisons between commitment to human rights and their effectiveness in Latin American countries and in the United States. 5. To critique and analyze human rights situations in Latin America. 2 6. To begin building understandings of Latin American societies through their historical advancement. To begin building understandings of human rights and inequalities through sociological and anthropological concepts and ideas. TEACHING PHILOSOPHY In designing and implementing courses in various domains of sociology and anthropology, I follow four guidelines. First, I conceptualize the classroom as a learning community. Accordingly, I foster cooperation among students not only by carefully moderating class discussions to maximize inclusiveness, but also by designing small group exercises to maximize collegiality. Second, I treat students as sociologists and anthropologists. I encourage you not only to take your own ideas seriously (irrespective of disciplinary backgrounds or previous experiences), but also to approach problems with socio-cultural rigor and curiosity. Third, I believe that one of the most important aspects of teaching consists in the cultivation of criticalthinking skills. I design class activities and assignments with this goal in mind. I encourage relentless questioning in every course-related endeavor. Fourth, I believe that the purpose of social science is to interrogate the contemporary period within the context of personal and societal values and beliefs. It is my hope that students will come to think of themselves as active participants in the global public sphere. Fifth, I believe that the classroom is a space for safely sharing our ideas and attitudes about the social and cultural world. We are all here to learn about each other and ourselves and so we should always do our best to respect each other’s views and beliefs. COURSE REQUIREMENTS REQUIRED READINGS Available in Denison bookstore: John Charles Chasteen. Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America. 2011. 3rd Edition. WW Norton. John Charles Chasteen. Born in Blood and Fire: Latin American Voices. 2011. WW Norton. Eckstein, Susan Eva and Timonty P. Wickham-Crowley. 2003/2011. Struggles for Social Rights in Latin America. New York: Routledge Cleary, Edward L. Mobilizing for Human Rights in Latin America. 2007. Colorado : Kumarian Press. (This title will be available later in the semester at the DU bookstore – unfortunately it was a free E-book from the DU library and the subscription was dropped on 1/1/15 – When needed I will provide scans of specific chapters) Available through Denison Library as an E-book: Sieder, Rachel (ed.). Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy.2002. New York: Palgrave. *All other readings available online through Denison Library and linked via Announcements on Blackboard in Weekly Readings folders* 3 Blackboard: This course makes consistent and good use of the Blackboard system. I post regular announcements & updates, the syllabus/schedule, and assignment details there. You can find my contact information and office hours there. I will also ask you to submit your written assignments there, which allows for systematic grading and quality feedback, as well as an easy and secure way for you to submit your work. You should check Blackboard weekly for updates and announcements. ASSIGNMENTS Attendance (10%): Showing up, on time and prepared, to class is crucial. I will send around a sign in sheet or call out roll each class session. One unexcused absence throughout the semester will be allowed without penalty. You are also allowed two instances of tardy attendance without penalty. Beginning with your second unexcused absence I deduct 10 points from your attendance grade. Beginning with your third late entry to class I will deduct 3 points from your attendance grade. Excused absences include documented illnesses/injuries/medical emergencies with a doctor’s excuse and immediate family medical emergencies (hospitalization and/or death of an immediate family member). Excused absences also include your active participation in Denison events with documentation. It will be your responsibility to provide documentation; I will not ask you. The overall Attendance grade is posted on Blackboard once at the midterm and then it is updated at the end of the semester, thus giving you an opportunity to work to keep this grade up over the semester. Participation (10%): Regular and consistent participation in class is also crucial. This means you should thoroughly read all assigned material prior to class discussions. Bring assigned texts with you on the days the texts are scheduled for discussion. In the case of electronic readings, you are required to print out the reading and bring a copy to class to engage actively in discussion about the text. This course is designed to be interactive. Participation also includes active and constructive engagement with class/group discussions and activities, free and guided writing sessions, portions of the Constitutional Convention project below, and/or other in-class assignments. Class sessions will move back and forth between free and guided writing, group activities and discussions, and lecture/class discussions and will also include days with films, other visual media, and guest speakers. Most days you are required to type and print out answers to several questions about the readings meant to generate thoughtful and critical discussion with your name on it to be handed in at the end of class. These questions will be posted on the Blackboard course website in the Readings/Reading Questions section at least one week ahead of class. I grade reading questions and participation activities using a check system. A check minus is the equivalent of a D-, a check to a B or B+, and a check plus to an A or A+. Your Participation grade is calculated based on your active engagement in class and group discussions, participation activities turned in during class, your daily reading questions, and portions of the Constitutional Convention Project. For example, 20% of your overall Participation grade comes from the activities during Human Rights Reports days, 20% from the activities during the Current Event Debates, and 10% of if it comes from your selection of an issue and the paragraph you must write about it. Further details for each of these are posted below and will be discussed in class and posted on Blackboard. The overall Participation grade is posted on Blackboard once at the midterm and then it is updated at the end of the semester, thus giving you an opportunity to 4 improve your overall course Participation grade. If you have an unexcused absence you cannot make up participation activities or reading questions. The Constitutional Convention Project: Throughout the duration of the semester we will be investigating the level of commitment to universal human rights of Latin American and Caribbean nations, discussing and debating contemporary human rights issues in these countries, and using these discoveries to compare and contrast to the human rights situation in the United States through its Bill of Rights. At the beginning of the semester each student will be randomly assigned a Latin American or Caribbean nation that they will be responsible for and represent throughout the semester. This project includes multiple segments or portions that allows you to build your understanding the country’s society or culture, the state of human rights conditions, and their level of commitment to human rights through international and national laws, treaties, and their own constitutions. Over the course of the semester you will work individually, in small groups, and as an entire classroom community to achieve the Course Goals stated above. Segments of this semester-long project include a Human Rights Report of each country, Current Event Debates between representatives of specific countries, and the final class-wide Constitutional Convention. Each segment includes written, verbal and/or presentation portions. Each segment is detailed more below and will be supplemented further with discussions and handouts made available in-class on Blackboard throughout the semester. 1. Human Rights Report (20% of final course grade): Beginning the fourth week of the semester each class period will present a short 6-8 minute “news” brief of human rights conditions in one country. You will base your critique on the most current Amnesty International Annual Reports and US Department of State Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Your analysis should also include some comparison to the country’s commitment to universal human rights constitution (English versions here www.constituteproject.org). Other reports or updates by Amnesty International and the US Dept. of State, reports by other human rights organizations and commissions, news and social media sources, and other news or academic sources may be used to construct your report and presentation. Your presentation will also be assessed on style, creativity, and integration of multi-media including video clips, sound bytes, art, pictures, etc. A 2-3 page, double-spaced and 12pt Times New Roman font, essay that you use to build your news brief will be due 48 hours before your presentation. This assignment includes written, presentation, and verbal portions and more details will be discussed in class and posted on Blackboard. Audience members watching the report will be expected to participate by writing three questions during the presentation that shows completion and understanding of the day’s readings. After the report is completed a Question & Answer session will follow and those posing questions will be awarded additional Participation points for the day, and all participants will turn in their questions at the end of class to be assessed for Participation. 2. Current Event Debates (15% of your final course grade): Beginning the fifth week of the semester we will have structured debates surrounding current human rights issues related to that session’s readings. Each debate will consist of representatives from three countries. Participants will be given a list of questions to respond to two weeks ahead of the debate, will be expected to meet outside of class once to discuss their country’s positions before the 5 debate, and will be given a specific amount of time to respond to each question, and pose rebuttals. You should have done enough individual and collaborative research on the topic to develop you’re a cohesive debate, answer each other’s points and questions, and be ready to respond to questions or critiques from the audience after the debate. The debaters will be assessed on preparedness and commitment to the process, compelling arguments based on empirical data (information) ability to effectively respond in the debate and to the audience, clear evidence of collaboration with your fellow debaters, connection to daily or weekly topic and readings, and use of information relevant to the country you represent. You should use the day’s readings, information from your assigned country’s constitutions, human rights reports, and other scholarly readings to develop your position and responses. A 2-3 page double-spaced essay that you use to build your debate, including answers to the initial questions, will be due 48 hours before your scheduled debate. This assignment includes written and verbal portions and more details will be discussed in class and posted on Blackboard. The audience will be responsible for paying careful attention to the debate and scoring each side, developing and writing critically engaged questions for debaters based on clear evidence of completing assigned readings. After the debate is complete you will have five minutes to write who “won” the debate and why. All audience members will submit their scores, questions, and who “won” at the end of class to be assessed for Participation. 3. Constitutional Convention (% for each section included below): During the last two days of the semester we will hold our very own Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Constitutional Convention in which we will debate, discuss, and draft a document of recommendations to the United States to revise its Bill of Rights to reflect a stronger commitment to universal human rights. This is an exercise that will allow us to bring our knowledge construction performed throughout the semester in various activities and assignments together into one cohesive document. Each section below builds to this final outcome and will be elaborated on more in-class through handouts and all documents will be posted on the Blackboard. a. Choosing an issue for your country (part of your overall Participation & Attendance grade): Within our Constitutional Convention there will be a set of issues that will be central to our overall discussions, critiques, and final recommendations. These may include topics such as Women/Gender, Sexualities, Children, the Indigenous, the Environment, Sustainable Development, Labor and Work, Police and Military Repression, Torture, Terrorism, and more. As a representative of your country you will sign up to address one of these issues in sub-committees of 2-4. Details will be provided in-class and posted on Blackboard. b. Abstract (5% of final course grade): You will write a one page double-spaced Abstract discussing the issue you chose and why from the perspective of your country. You should use your country’s constitution to help you develop your position. Details will be provided in-class and posted on Blackboard. c. Rough Draft (10% of final course grade): You will write a 3-4 page double-spaced paper discussing your country’s position on the issue you have chosen to represent at the Constitutional Convention. You will turn this in to me via Blackboard and I will return it to you with comments. Details will be provided in-class and posted on Blackboard. d. Constitutional Convention Participation (10% of final course grade): This is our two-day convention where we will discuss and debate the issues selected above by comparing 6 your country’s commitment to human rights to that of the United States, primarily through its Bill of Rights. Each country’s representative will have a chance to verbally contribute to the process, and each sub-committee will contribute to the process. The first day will be dedicated to discussions and note-taking, and the second day (last day of class) will be dedicated to final agreements and a draft of recommendations to submit to the United States. Details will be provided in-class and posted on Blackboard. e. Final Paper (20% of final course grade): On the day that this class would normally have a final exam (TBA) you will instead turn in your final paper. This 6-7 page doublespaced paper will include corrections and improvements in depth and quality of analysis and critique that are based on the comments I have made on your rough draft, and will add a section reflecting on the Constitutional Convention. Details will be provided inclass and posted on Blackboard. A Note on the Constitutional Convention: This is an inter-university activity. Nearly 20 classes from across universities will be working on projects in which they will be looking at the United States Constitution and/or Bill of Rights through a critical lens. We will learn and discuss early in the semester why this is a valuable endeavor, and we will meet, via Skype, with other scholars and/or classes involved in this project. I will post a list on the Blackboard of the other classes participating in this activity. Our class is constructing knowledge about Latin American & Caribbean constitutions and human rights and using this to compare, contrast, critique, and analyze the US Bills of Rights through the lens of universal human rights. At the end of the semester we will hold our own Constitutional Convention in which we, as representatives of Latin American & Caribbean nations, draft a document advising the United States on how to more effectively show commitment to universal human rights through updates to the Bill of Rights and Constitution. Our document will be shared with other class’s final products on a website, and this will provide the basis for a session at the 2015 American Sociological Association’s Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois. Exemplary final papers (below) from our class will have the opportunity to be posted to the website and also used in the annual meeting’s session. If you would like to attend the session in Chicago as a student member of the American Sociological Association we can work with various university resources to make that happen. I would welcome your attendance and participation! GRADING KEY: Attendance: Participation: Human Rights Reports Current Event Debates Constitutional Convention Choose Issue for Country: Abstract: Rough Draft: Constitutional Convention: Final Paper: Total 10% 10% 20% 15% Participation grade 5% 10% 10% 20% 100% 7 A+= 97-100 A =94-96 A- =90-93 B+ =87-89 B=84-86 B- =80-83 C+ = 77-79 C=74-76 C- =70-73 D+=67-69 D=64-66 D- =60-63 F=<60 GRADING RUBRIC In evaluating your written presentations I use the following grading rubric. All papers begin at the Satisfactory stage. You must have at least 5 “Yes” answers to move up to the next category. If you have 4 “No” answer in the Satisfactory stage you move down to the Unacceptable category. A Superior is an A- to A+, a Good is a B- to B+, a Satisfactory is a C- to C+, and an Unacceptable/Unsatisfactory ranges from an F to D+. I use a separate rubric for assessing group presentations, which I will make available ahead of time. Superior: Does the paper/presentation have a clear topic and thesis statement (argument)? Is the thesis supported by data using class and outside scholarly readings? Is the evidence relevant, reliable, and presented in a clear manner? Is the paper organized to flow in a consistent manner with topic sentences and transitions between sub-topics? Is the paper well edited and proofed? (one error in grammar, punctuation, and spelling) Are all sources appropriately cited both in the text and in a citations page? Good: Does the paper make a clear argument linked to the topics? Does the paper make use of evidence (no personal opinions)? Does the paper attempt to explain the evidence in a logical manner? Is the evidence relevant to the argument? Does the paper make sense in its flow from argument, to evidence, to conclusion? Is the paper edited and proofed? (two errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling) Are all sources appropriately cited both in the text and in a citations page? Satisfactory: Does the paper/presentation attempt to make an argument? Does the paper make use of evidence? Does the paper attempt to discuss the evidence at all? Is the paper easy to follow from beginning to end? Is the paper edited and proofed? (three errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling) Are all sources appropriately cited both in the text and in a citations page? (no more than 2 errors each in text and in citations page) Unacceptable/Unsatisfactory: Does the paper/presentation fail to make an argument? Does the paper rely on personal opinions or use irrelevant evidence to support argument? Does the paper make no attempt to explain the evidence used? Is the paper disorganized and not flow from topic to topic? Is the paper edited and proofed? (Four or more errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling)? 8 Is the paper missing citations in the text and/or missing a citations page? CITATIONS AND STYLE GUIDE When you are writing your papers I require that you consistently cite your sources both in-text and in the bibliography using the American Sociological Association style guide. I have attached it at the end of this syllabus for your use. You may also seek guidance from Denison’s Social Science Reference Library, Roger Kosson (http://libguides.denison.edu/profile/Roger_Kosson). ACADEMIC ACCOMODATION Any student who believes he or she may need an accommodation based on the impact of a disability should contact me privately as soon as possible to discuss your specific needs. You will also need to contact the Office of Academic Support in 102 Doane to establish and/or verify the need for accommodation. Please see me if you have any questions about this process. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY “The students and faculty of Denison University and the Department of (Sociology/Anthropology) are committed to academic integrity and will not tolerate any violation of this principle. Academic honesty, the cornerstone of teaching and learning, lays the foundation for lifelong integrity. Academic dishonesty is, in most cases, intellectual theft. It includes, but is not limited to, providing or receiving assistance in a manner not authorized by the instructor in the creation of work to be submitted for evaluation. This standard applies to all work ranging from daily homework assignments to major exams. Students must clearly cite any sources consulted - not only for quoted phrases but also for ideas and information that are not common knowledge. Neither ignorance nor carelessness is an acceptable defense in cases of plagiarism. It is the student's responsibility to follow the appropriate format for citations.” http://www.denison.edu/academics/integrity/ http://www.denison.edu/academics/integrity/ducode_acad_integrity_111511.pdf http://www.denison.edu/offices/standards/denison%20code%20of%20student%20conduct _2011-2012.pdf The Importance of the Code of Academic Integrity The Code provides a means of assuring that values essential to learning—trust, responsibility, and ethics—are promoted and maintained by all members of the Denison community. It enriches the community’s awareness of the importance of integrity and provides structures for collecting and disseminating information about academic honesty at Denison. The Code encourages the development of educational materials that promote effective and honest use of research, and it designates responsibility and provides procedures for maintaining both high standards of conduct and due process in cases of violations. 9 The collective efforts of students, staff, and faculty—in action and as expressed by the Code of Academic Integrity—add to the quality the Denison experience, to the development of character, and to the value of a Denison University degree. Classroom Courtesy Classroom courtesy is necessary to ensure that all students have the opportunity to learn without distractions. This means no cell phones, talking during lectures (unless recognized by the professor or discussion leader), reading newspapers, etc. during class. We also must recognize that sociology and anthropology engages with contentious subject matter that inspires a real diversity in observations, beliefs, opinions, and views. We must always strive to respect each other’s viewpoints and treat each other with the same level of respect we all desire! Communication & Office Hours The best way to contact me is through email at shekhar@denison.edu. However, I reserve the right to respond within 24 hours Monday-Friday, and I do not respond to emails on the weekends. I highly encourage you to come to my office hours to discuss questions about readings and assignments, progress in the class, sociology and anthropology, or life here at Denison. If these times conflict with your schedule, I am more than willing to try and arrange another time during to meet. Syllabus Policy This syllabus is subject to change. I reserve the right to change the course as is necessary, and will notify everyone immediately of any changes I make through email, Blackboard Announcements, and in class. 10 COURSE SCHEDULE (SUBJECT TO CHANGES) Session Date Readings Current Event Debates DEFINING HUMAN RIGHTS 1 19-Jan Introductions - UN Declaration of Human Rights; ICESCR; ICCPR 2 21-Jan McFarland; Frezzo; McLeary Ch. 1 26-Jan MLK OBSERVATION: NO CLASS 3 28-Jan Carozza 2003 (on Bb); Sellers (on Bb) POST-COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 4 2-Feb Chasteen Ch. 3 Indepdence Ch. 3 Visting the New Naitons 5 4-Feb Chasteen Ch. 4 Postcolonial Blues Ch. 4 Inventing National Ethnicities 6 9-Feb Chasteen Ch. 5 Progress Ch. 5 The Perils of Progress 7 11-Feb Chasteen Ch. 6 Neocolonialism Ch. 6 Reactions Against Neocolonialism 8 16-Feb Chasteen Ch. 7 Nationalism Ch. 7 Cultivating Non-European Roots CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND REPRESSION 9 18-Feb Cleary 6 & 7 Current Event Debates TURN IN ISSUE CHOICE - 1 PARAGRAPH - FRIDAY 2/20/15 @ 5PM EST ON BLACKBOARD 10 23-Feb Film: Hidden in Plain Sight Gill Ch. 3 (On Bb) 11 25-Feb Film: Hidden in Plain Sight Gill Ch. 8 (On Bb) 12 2-Mar Truth Commissions (On Bb) Current Event Debates ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS 13 4-Mar Eckstein Ch. 2 & 3 TURN IN ABSTRACT FRIDAY MARCH 3/6/15 @ 5PM EST ON BLACKBOARD 14 9-Mar Eckstein Ch.5 & 6 Current Event Debates 15 11-Mar Eckstein Ch. 8 & 11 Dr. Judith Blau Skype Discussion 16 23-Mar Cleary Ch. 2 Current Event Debates 17 25-Mar Cleary Ch. 3 & 5 INDIGENOUS RIGHTS & CONSTITUTIONALIZATION 18 30-Mar Seider Ch. 1 & 8 Current Event Debates 19 1-Apr Seider Ch. 3 Guest: Jon Luna via Skype 20 6-Apr Film: Stolen land 21 8-Apr Seider Ch. 2 TURN IN ROUGH DRAFT FRIDAY 4/10/15 @ 5PM EST ON BLACKBOARD 22 13-Apr Seider Ch. 9 & 10 Current Event Debates INTERNATIONAL LAWS & TREATIES & CONSTITUTIONS 23 15-Apr Treaties (See Bb) 24 20-Apr Institutions (See Bb) 25 22-Apr Constitutions (See Bb) Current Event Debates 26 27-Apr PREPARE FOR CONVENTION - MEET WITH SUBCOMMITTEE IN-CLASS 27 29-Apr CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 28 4-May CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Dr. Blau Skype visitor TURN IN FINAL PAPER ON EXAM DAY (DATE TBA) @ 5 PM EST ON BLACKBOARD Human Rights Reports In-class Constitutional Constitute Constitute Mexico Honduras Paraguay El Salvador Jamaica Cuba Guatemala Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama Brazil Peru Ecuador Colombia Venezuela Uruguay Constitute Constiute Constitute Constitute Dominican Rep Argentina Bolivia Chile Constitute Constitute 11