Friday, Nov 14th 11am-12:15pm - Paper Presentation 1 Title: “The New Foodralism” - Laurie J. Beyranevand, BA/JD (Center for Agriculture and Food Systems/Vermont Law School) – Kroon Hall Room 319 Abstract: Increasingly, states and localities are taking greater measures to support more localized and sustainable food systems. Often, however, these measures are met with concern that federal law prohibits the states from undertaking different or more protective regulation. This paper will examine what the author deems “the new foodralism” or a redefining of the relationships between the state and the federal government in food safety regulation. To do so, the paper will first analyze the historical backdrop of food safety regulation in the United States and the role contemplated for states and localities in this complex system. Second, this paper will discuss the current federal regulatory system by looking at major federal statutes and considering whether they preempt state law by analyzing the statutory text and relevant caselaw. Next, this paper will discuss some recent regulatory innovations at the state and local level in the context of the federal regulatory structure. Finally, this paper will consider how states and localities can continue to innovate while not running afoul of federal law. Speaker Bio: Laurie Beyranevand is the Associate Director of the Center for Agriculture and Food Systems (CAFS) and an Associate Professor of Law. She teaches Food Regulation and Policy, Public Law, Communications, Advocacy and Leadership, Interviewing, Counseling and Negotiation, and Advanced Writing for Dispute Resolution. She has served as the faculty advisor to the National Animal Law Moot Court Competition teams, and the ABA Negotiations and Client Counseling Teams. Professor Beyranevand received a BA from Rutgers College in 1999 and a JD from Vermont Law School in 2003. She clerked in the Environmental Division of the Vermont Attorney General’s Office and also served as a law clerk to the Honorable Marie E. Lihotz in New Jersey. Prior to joining the faculty at Vermont Law School, Professor Beyranevand was a Staff Attorney at Vermont Legal Aid where she represented adults and children in individual cases and class action litigation involving health law issues. In that capacity, she appeared in state and federal court, as well as before administrative adjudicative bodies, and served as an appointed member of the Human Rights Committee. Professor Beyranevand has previously served as an Executive Committee Member of the Agricultural Law Section of the American Association of Law Schools and is presently an appointed member of the Academic Programs Committee of the Food and Drug Law Institute. -------Title: “Greenhorns, Growers, and Grains: Innovative Food Systems in the Willamette Valley, Oregon” - Greenhorns, Growers, and Grains: Innovative Food Systems in the Willamette Valley, Oregon - Wendy Petersen Boring, Ph.D. (Willamette University) & Marshall Curry (Marion-Polk Food Share) – Burke Auditorium In this panel, faculty, community partners, and students from the regionally recognized Zena Summer Institute in Sustainable Agriculture in Salem, OR will: 1) describe current trends in Oregon’s regional food webs pushing conventional practices towards more ecologically sustainable and socially just food systems, and 2) reflect on how food-systems teaching can maximize student potential to become agents of community and structural change. The Willamette Valley, Oregon, possesses a unique confluence of factors that make it an ideal region for innovative food system practices aimed at increasing food justice and ecological sustainability. A regionally rich history of agricultural production and education, high soil fertility, a diversity of crops, regional values of environmental sustainability, and a strong sense of place have led to a vibrant local food culture, widespread regional recognition of the value of just and sustainable food systems, and a nationally recognized alternative agriculture movement. At the same time, the region has the highest hunger rate in the state (and one of the highest in the nation), hosts a significant migrant farm worker population, and is hampered in its efforts to transition to more local food systems by cultural barriers and insufficient infrastructure (storage, processing, distribution, and market outlets). The Zena Institute in Sustainable Agriculture is a summer, residential program for undergraduates located at Zena Farm and Forest, in the heart of the Willamette Valley rural, agricultural area that focuses on these issues in the local food system. In the program, students take two courses, I. Agroecology and II. Food Systems/Food Ethics, work on the farm, engage in field trips, live communally, and source most of their food from the farm or local foodshed. Through a series of case studies that the Zena Farm program utilizes as teaching tools, this panel focuses on current challenges and innovations in local food production in the Willamette Valley. The issues are relevant to rural, agricultural regions with high potential to transition to local food that also have significant hunger/food security and labor issues. Because of the strong local food culture of Oregon, the case studies provide potential innovation models for other like regions. Issues/Case Studies: Non-edible grasses to edible grains: Transitioning from nonedible crops (grass seed, nursery stock) to organic, edible crop production (wheat, grains, legumes) for local consumption: Green Willow Farms Building local processing capacities: Development of local processing and storage facilities that allow growers to bring products to local market: Recent Oregon law, the role of USDA grants; Minto Island Growers Farm Food-web to support low income consumers: Creation of regional food coalitions that foster partnerships with local farmers and farmer’s markets to overcome economic and cultural barriers for access for low income consumers and support goals for local, just food: 10 Rivers Food Web Growing and distributing local protein: Partnerships between regional food banks, farmers, and youth vocational training programs to produce protein-rich food options utilizing regionally adaptive grains (quinoa): Marion-Polk Food Share Fair labor practices: Migrant farm worker organization’s university partnerships, leadership training, and development of community education and peer-to-peer teaching modules to raise awareness and support for local food justice: Capaces Leadership Institute The panel concludes by reflecting on how exposure to these case studies are combined with a series of high impact pedagogical strategies in the Zena Farm Program, including communal living, experiential learning, reflective practices, university-community partnerships, and farmers-as-teachers, in order to empower students to not only understand the problems with current food systems but also give them the motivation and tools to work towards community and structural change. Speaker Bios: Wendy Petersen Boring is an Associate Professor of History at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, where she teaches pre-modern European history, women and gender studies, and sustainability studies. She has served as Chair of Willamette’s Sustainability Council and currently teaches food systems and food ethics at Willamette’s Zena Farm Summer Institute in Sustainable Agriculture. She earned her Ph.D. from Yale University. Marshall Curry has used his degree in Sociology (Willamette University 2013) to work alongside a local celebrity chef at Marion-Polk Food Share in Salem, Oregon to mass-produce the Better Burger (a vegan Quinoa-Burger). Since January he has worked to create a vocational training program within the Better Burger Program partnering with community organizations and expert volunteers to create a comprehensive, industry-backed, program while assuring food safety and quality control. Currently the speaker uses his background in Afterschool Programs, Innovative Pedagogies in Sustainability, and Leadership/Community Development to encourage youth and adults to move towards accomplishing their dreams. Kyle Batisky was born in Goshen NY and raised, the son of a golf course groundskeeper and high school swimming coach, in Scranton PA and later Pittsburgh PA. After studying for a year at Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts he transferred to Willamette University and became involved with Zena Farm while also pursuing a degree in philosophy with minors in environmental science and history. He attended the Zena Farm Summer Institute in Sustainable Agriculture in the summer of 2013 and lived on the property as a farmhand for the remainder of the summer. Over the course of the summer of 2014 he worked as a garden educator with the Marion-Polk Food Share Youth Farm. Kyle is now the Student Farm Manager of Zena farm as well as the president of Zena Farm Club. Samuel Spengler is a senior Environmental Science major at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. He was born and raised in Kailua, HI on the island of Oahu. Currently Sam is copresident of Willamette Unversity’s Zena Farm Club and is also employed by the school as a farm hand and groundskeeper. He’s particularly interested in the development of small-scale, diversified agricultural systems within the Willamette Valley and is devoting his thesis research to this study topic. As part of Willamette’s Summer Institute in Sustainability Agriculture, Sam worked with both Professor Wendy Peterson-Boring and student Kyle Batisky who are also presenting at this conference. -------Title: “‘Good Food’ and ‘Good Jobs’? Does Boston’s alternative food movement address ‘sustainability’ and ‘justice’ for food system workers?” - Carole Biewener, Ph.D. (Simmons College) – Kroon Hall Room 321 This paper considers some of the successes and challenges that Boston practitioners, food movement activists, and policymakers face in fostering sustainable and just food initiatives that also provide decent jobs for food system workers. Many alternative food system initiatives focus on increasing people’s access to locally produced food, with food justice often framed in terms of providing healthy, affordable, locally produced food to lower-income communities. Yet, the focus on sustainability, access, and local food all too often neglects consideration of how to provide “good jobs” along with “good food,” especially when most of those working in Boston’s food system are not farmers or farm workers, but people working in restaurants, grocery stores, and institutions such as schools and hospitals. The paper surveys several of Boston’s alternative food system initiatives to consider whether they have been able to develop good labor practices along with “good food,” worker safety along with food safety, and living wage jobs along with affordable and accessible food. The paper concludes by outlining possible avenues for further progressive movement in this regard. Speaker Bio: Carole Biewener is a Professor of Economics and of Women’s and Gender Studies at Simmons College, Boston, MA. Her current research is on the political economy of food, with a focus on food system workers in the Boston metropolitan area and the determinants of economic viability for alternative food system initiatives. Recently she completed a collaborative research project with Marie-Hélène Bacqué (Professor of Urban Studies, Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre) that traced the genealogy of the term “empowerment” in the fields of gender and development, urban policy and social work. Prior research has addressed community development and social economy projects in the United States and Canada, debates at the intersection of poststructuralist feminism and postmodern Marxism, and the French Socialist government’s financial and industrial policies in the 1980s. Recent publications include “Feminism and the Politics of Empowerment in International Development” (forthcoming); L’empowerment, une pratique emancipatrice (Editions La Découverte 2013; Spanish translation forthcoming in 2015); and “Different manifestations of the concept of empowerment. The politics of urban renewal in the United States and Great Britain” (International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, August 2012). -------- Panels, Friday November 14th 1:45-3pm Title: Back to the Future: Explorations of Traditional Cheese - Sylvia Sobocinski (Manager at Caseus Fromagerie and Bistro), Mark Gillman (Cheesemaker/Owner at Cato Corner Farm), Ben Wolfe (Assistant Professor of Microbiology at Tufts University), Brad Jones (Cheese of Choice Coalition & Oldways) – Burke Auditorium Abstract: Innovation across the contemporary sustainable food system largely means looking to traditional provisioning models with long histories of healthy communities, healthy economies, healthy environments and healthy food. Cheese is a perfect case in point. This panel brings together practitioners and academics to discuss various aspects of traditional cheese. Mark Gillman will discuss his experience of traditional cheese making at Cato Corner Farm in Colchester CT. The hometown folks at Caseus Fromagerie and Bistro will examine the importance of small-scale, and independently-owned food purveyors, and Dr. Ben Wolfe of Tufts University will present his fascinating research on cheese microbiology. Speaker Bios: Sylvia Sobocinski has a background in communication and healthcare, but quickly developed a passion for cheese when her son Jason opened Caseus Fromagerie and Bistro in New Haven 6 years ago. She manages the Cheese Shop, teaches pairing classes, and hosts interns, with a focus on education and spreading the word about good cheese. Her cheese knowledge has developed through her love of cooking, expanding her palate, and visiting local farms and dairies to learn about the process firsthand. The philosophy at Caseus is that every cheese has a story, and the more you know about what you eat, the more satisfying the experience. Benjamin Wolfe is an assistant professor of microbiology in the Department of Biology at Tufts University. Dr. Wolfe's research uses the microbial communities of food to address fundamental questions in microbial ecology and evolution. From 2011 to 2014 he was postdoctoral fellow with Rachel Dutton at the FAS Center for Systems Biology at Harvard University where he began his research on food microbes. In addition to his new teaching activities at Tufts University, he has taught food microbiology courses at the Harvard Summer School and Boston University's Gastronomy Program. Dr. Wolfe also frequently teaches classes or workshops on food microbes at Formaggio Kitchen, the San Francisco Cheese School, and for artisan food guilds across the country. He is a regular contributor to the food magazine Lucky Peach and writes an online series about the biology of food for Boston magazine. Mark Gillman (left) is the head cheesemaker at family-owned Cato Corner Farm in Colchester Connecticut. Mark left his job as a 7th grade English teacher 15 years ago to join his mother making cheese. Mark makes cheese by hand using traditional recipes and raw milk from their herd of 40 pastured Jersey cows. Cato Corner Farm Farmstead Cheeses are very highly regarded in the artisan cheese community and have garnered numerous awards and accolades. Brad Jones manages the Cheese of Choice Coalition (CCC) at Oldways. The CCC is a non-profit consumer advocacy program that supports traditional, artisan, and raw-milk cheeses. At a time when regulatory uncertainty threatens the fate of traditional cheese, Brad and the CCC are committed to ensuring that consumers continue to have the right to choose their cheese of choice. Brad holds a graduate degree in Gastronomy from Boston University, is a member of the American Cheese Society, and has been a cheese judge for the Good Food Awards and the Big E agricultural expo. -------Title: Sustainable Seafood: Innovations and Future Pathways - Jonathan Labaree (Director of the Community and Sustainable Seafood programs at Gulf of Maine Research Institute), Sean Dixon (Village Fish Monger, Seafood CSA), Gary Wikfors (Northeast Fisheries Science Center), Meghan Jeans (New England Aquarium’s Director of Conservation), Emily Farr (Senior Fellow at GreenWave) – Kroon Hall Room 319 Abstract: Panelists will discuss their work across the seafood supply chain: production (Emily Farr of GreenWave and 3D farming), distribution (Sean Dixon of Village Fish Monger Community Supported Fishery), aquaculture/research (Gary Wikfors of Northeast Fisheries Science Center), large-scale sourcing (Meghan Jeans at New England Aquarium) and climate change impacts on fisheries/innovative marketing approaches (Jonathan Labaree at GMRI). This panel will explore the current innovations and trends in sustainable seafood and pathways to future sustainability from consumer and producer perspectives. Speaker Bios: Sean Dixon is the Co-Founder and Co-Owner of Village Fishmonger NYC, a local, responsible seafood company in New York City which runs the city's largest Community Supported Fishery and presents the annual "Sustainable Seafood Week NYC." Sean is also a member of the Adjunct Faculty at Pace Law School and is a volunteer SCUBA Diver at the New York Aquarium. Sean was the 2014 Planning Chair of the Spring Conference on Environmental Law for the American Bar Association’s Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources and now sits on the Section Council, and is a Senior Fellow of the Environmental Leadership Program Emily Farr graduated from Yale College in 2014 with a degree in Geology and Geophysics. Her thesis explored the role of vernal pools in the global carbon cycle with a series of air-water gas exchange experiments. As a student, she held several positions at the Yale Sustainable Food Program, and served as a Master's Aide for Berkeley College. Since graduating, Emily has apprenticed on a goat dairy in Vermont, learning about cheese-making and animal husbandry. As winner of the Gordon Grand Fellowship, she is currently working with GreenWave to opensource the 3D ocean farming model pioneered by Thimble Island Oyster Company, and as recipient of the Fulbright-Casten Fellowship, will further explore the relationship between climate and ocean farming at the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Italy in 2015. In her future career, Emily endeavors to help re-imagine systems of food production that mitigate rather than contribute to global climate change. Jonathan Labaree runs Gulf of Maine Research Institute’s Community Department, one of three programmatic arms of the organization, along with Research and Education. In this capacity, he oversees GMRI’s programs that engage coastal communities from around the gulf to connect the economic well-being to ecological health. Previously, he ran GMRI’s Fisheries Technical Assistance Program, which helps New England’s fishing industry adapt to regulatory changes, such as the groundfish fishery’s recent switch to sector management. Jonathan came to GMRI in March of 2009 after a decade at Maine Coast Heritage Trust, a state-wide land trust, where he held several positions conserving land and raising funds. Prior to MCHT, Jonathan worked for the Quebec-Labrador Foundation’s Atlantic Center for the Environment, running community-level conservation projects throughout New England aimed at increasing public involvement in natural resource management. He also ran a small-grants program for marine research projects in southern New England. A lifetime of summers on Vinalhaven Island in Penobscot Bay instilled in Jonathan a deep love of Maine’s coast and a commitment to the people and communities who rely on the Gulf of Maine for their livelihoods. Jonathan holds an undergraduate degree in history from Williams College and a masters of environmental management from Yale University’s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Gary Wikfors holds a PhD degree in Phycology – the study of algae – but he always has worked at the intersection of phytoplankton and the bivalve mollusks -- such as oysters, clams, scallops, and mussels -- that derive their nutrition from phytoplankton. Gary has studied trophic transfer of pollutants from phytoplankton to bivalves, biochemical nutrition of shellfish, and harmfulalgal effects upon bivalves. As Chief of the Biotechnology Branch of the Aquaculture & Enhancement Division of NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Gary has a hands-on role in several current team initiatives: 1) Nutrient bioextraction using shellfish aquaculture, 2) Probiotic bacteria for use in shellfish hatcheries, and 3) Shellfish cellular immune responses to environmental variation. Meghan Jeans serves as the New England Aquarium’s Director of Conservation where she supports a number of initiatives including the Aquarium’s Sustainable Seafood Program which promotes scientifically-based market and policy solutions to ocean conservation challenges. Meghan earned a J.D. and M.S. in environmental law and policy from Vermont Law School and a B.A. in biology and environmental science from Colby College. She previously served as the Director of the Fisheries Leadership & Sustainability Forum at Stanford University and worked in ocean conservation with NOAA’s Office of General Counsel for Fisheries, the Marine Fish Conservation Network, Ocean Conservancy, the Conservation Law Foundation, and the Island Resources Foundation. She is a member of the Marine Stewardship Council’s Stakeholder Council Steering Group, Fair Trade USA’s Fisheries Advisory Council and has served as a technical advisor to the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT), the International Sustainable Seafood Foundation (ISSF) and the Pacific Fishery Management Council’s Highly Migratory Species Advisory Subpanel. -------Title: A Bug’s Life: Insects for Human Protein Consumption - Mark Bomford (Nordic Food Lab), Kevin Bachhuber (Founder at Big Cricket Farms), Leah Jones (Founder at Crickers) – Sage Hall Bowers Auditorium Abstract: This panel explores entomophagy (human consumption of insects) in the Western diet. Panelists will discuss the environmental benefits of insect protein consumption, as well as challenges of adopting the trend in among Western consumers. Panelists will also discuss current research and gastronomy trends around bugs as well as entrepreneurial approaches to adding insects to a western diet. Mark Bomford is the Director of the Yale Sustainable Food Project. Mark’s career in the sustainable food movement began in 1997, when he founded the successful “Growing Schools” initiative with the LifeCycles Project Society in Victoria, BC, establishing school gardens and garden-based curricula throughout the city. He went on to coordinate the internationallyawarded “DIGS” youth empowerment and entrepreneurship project, and co-managed the society’s overall domestic and international urban agricultural operations. In 2001, Mark moved to the University of British Columbia, where he worked to re-invent the UBC Farm. He founded the Centre for Sustainable Food Systems at UBC in 2005, and led a rapid expansion that saw new cultivated crops, research projects, university courses, and community programs. Mark joined the Yale Sustainable Food Project in October 2011. His strong background in the systemic issues of food sustainability will provide us important insight at the intersection of ecology, agriculture, and socio-economics, especially for insects’ role in food security and biodiversity. Kevin Bachhuber was born and raised in the frozen tundra of Green Bay, Wisconsin. He has a Bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin Steven's Point, one of the nation's top schools for wildlife conservation and natural resources. A lifelong urban farmer, Kevin founded Big Cricket Farms in response to growing water shortages, the rising costs of protein production, and a simple desire to eat bugs with friends. In 2006 his travels to Thailand, Kevin was able to sample a variety of edible bugs including crickets, and found them to be delicious! Upon returning to the USA, he also discovered that there were essentially no commercial sources of crickets for people to eat, so he decided to create one. In 2014, the time was ripe, and Big Cricket Farms was born. Leah Jones is the co-founder of Crickers, a start up company based in Austin, Texas making cricket-based crackers. She graduated from Southwestern University in 2011 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Environmental Studies. She has been actively involved in environmental and food systems work since age 15 as a leader of the Sierra Student Coalition, the student run branch of the Sierra Club, and has since organized various successful renewable energy campaigns on her college campus and in the greater Central Texas community. She has worked on several organic farms and for food justice organizations from Texas to the Northeast, and spent a year as a FoodCorps service member teaching food systems education to kindergarten-high school aged youth in Massachusetts. After a lot of research and recipe experimentation, Leah and her roommate and fellow former college intern at The Sierra Club turned their passion for entomophagy into a company, Crickers in June 2014, and have been devoted to building the entomophagy movement in Texas ever since. Aside from her work with Crickers, Leah also works part time at the Sustainable Food Center in Austin on the Farm Direct Projects team, where she helps increase sales outlets for local farmers and connect consumers, institutions, and school communities to local food. Friday, November 14th 3:15-4:30pm - Paper presentation 2 Title: “The Problem of Deliciousness in Sustainable Food Systems” - Amy Bentley, Ph.D. (New York University) – Burke Auditorium For many involved in food systems work, the idea of “deliciousness” is regarded as problematic. It turns out that there are some good reasons to avoid talking about taste and pleasure when attempting to reimagine the industrial food system. After articulating and analyzing the challenges, I attempt to make a case for deliciousness, arguing that not only is pleasure in taste necessary but that it is central to the reimagining and restructuring of our industrial food system. Speaker Bio: Amy Bentley is an associate professor in the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health at New York University. A historian with interests in the social, historical, and cultural contexts of food, she is the author of Inventing Baby Food: Taste, Health and the Industrialization of the American Diet (University of California Press, 2014), Eating for Victory: Food Rationing and the Politics of Domesticity (University of Illinois Press, 1998), and editor of A Culture History of Food in the Modern Age (Berg, 2012). Bentley is co-founder of the Experimental Cuisine Collective, an interdisciplinary group of scientists, food studies scholars and chefs who study the intersection of science and food, and also co-founder of the NYU Urban Farm Lab. She serves as editor for the journal Food, Culture and Society: An International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. -------- Title: “Fresh to You: An Innovative Public-Private Partnership to Increase Access to Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: History, Lessons Learned and Next Steps” - Kim Gans & Gemma Gorham (Brown University Institute for Community Health Promotion) – Kroon Hall Room G01 Purpose: Fresh to You (FTY), a public-private partnership between fruit and vegetable (F&V) distributors, Brown University and RI Department of Health was created to address barriers of low income consumers to eating F&V (cost, limited availability and limited time to shop). A F&V distributor provides high-quality F&V directly to community-based organizations (CBO) at discounted prices. FTY was implemented in 6 CBOs serving low-income families to evaluate feasibility and effectiveness. Methods: F&V Markets were held regularly at each CBO. Market participants with children aged 3-13 (n=487) were enrolled in a cohort effectiveness study. Baseline and five-month follow-up surveys were conducted with parents. Change scores of F&V intake were calculated and tested for significance applying paired t-tests for adults and children. Process evaluation was conducted to measure costs and feasibility. Results: Participants were 91.5% female, 59% Hispanic; 52% born outside the US; 49% on food stamps; 34% employed full-time; 45% household income < $20K per year. The greatest barrier to eating more F&V was cost. Market participation varied by site, but averaged 38 people. F&V prices averaged 15-25% below supermarket prices. Most popular items included bananas, mangoes, grapes, tomatoes, broccoli, asparagus and tomatoes. FV intake of 3-13 year old children increased by 0.51 cups, (P = 0.0001) but parents’ intake did not change over time. Children’s vegetable intake improved somewhat more than fruit intake. Conclusions: The FTY program was successful in increasing children’s, but not parents F&V intake. We will also discuss other outcome results as well as implementation challenges and lessons learned (including the 4 P’s of product, promotion, placement and price). We will also discuss current research and future directions of FTY. Speaker Bios: Kim Gans Kim M. Gans, PhD, MPH, LDN is currently Professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies and the Center for Health Interventions and Prevention at the University of Connecticut. She is also an Adjunct Professor at Brown University and was Director of the Brown Institute for Community Health at Brown University from 20092014. She has a BS degree in Biology from Duke University, an MPH in Nutrition from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and a Ph.D. in Nutrition from the University of Rhode Island. Dr. Gans has over 28 years of experience in intervention development and evaluation research in community-based settings to improve eating habits and prevent obesity. This research has included health communication interventions with print and video; interventions to improve home, work and neighborhood nutrition and physical activity environments; and translational research to study the dissemination of effective nutrition and obesity prevention interventions into community and clinical settings. The majority of this research has been with ethnic minority, low income and/or low literate populations. She is the co-founder of Fresh To You, an innovative private partnership program that brings discount, fresh fruit and vegetable (F&V) markets to convenient locations near where people live and work. -------Title- “How Global is My Local Milk? : Compatibility between Perceived Attributes and the Reality of Local Produce” - Tamar Makov, MA, BSc (Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies) & Clare Gupta, Postdoctoral Fellow (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies) – Kroon Hall Room 319 Abstract - Local food has become a ‘big tent’ under which a motley association of socioecological benefits is believed to reside (Martinez, 2010; Pollan, 2010). In this paper we argue that it is time to move beyond the romanticism of “local food,” and the accompanying efforts of critical food scholars to better define this term, towards developing terminology that more precisely aligns with the goals that various local food advocates are actually trying to achieve. Currently, local food is purported to be a vehicle for providing various public benefits. Local food systems are touted providing food that is good for people, the environment and the local economy—in other words food that successfully meets triple-bottom line criteria. Yet in practice, empirical research has shown that a localized food system does not inherently provide such benefits (DuPuis & Goodman, 2005; Edwards-Jones et al., 2008; Matthews, Hendrickson, & Weber, 2008; Purcell & Brown, 2005; Weber & Matthews, 2008). We argue that the difficulty in defining local food stems from an inherent misalignment between the word local—which implies a certain kind of physical geography—and the underlying motivations behind local food systems—which reflect various societal desires that may have very little correlation with geographic distance (e.g. reduced greenhouse gas emissions, healthier food, fair labor practices). We use an illustrative example—the case of “local milk” in Hawaii—to demonstrate this point. Examining the qualities of “local milk” in Hawaii reveals that “local” is a phrase that is thus unable to encapsulate the qualities people are seeking. Ultimately, those working to develop alternative food systems would be better served by focusing less on the locality of food and the policing of its definition, and more on developing alternate conceptual language that are better tailored to the types of food systems that lead to the desired outcomes. References DuPuis, E.M., & Goodman, D. (2005). Should we go “home” to eat?: toward a reflexive politics of localism. Journal of rural studies, 21(3), 359-371. Edwards-Jones, G., Milà i Canals, L., Hounsome, N., Truninger, M., Koerber, G., Hounsome, B., …Plassmann, K. (2008). Testing the assertion that ‘local food is best’: the challenges of an evidence-based approach. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 19(5), 265-274. Martinez, S. (2010). Local food systems; concepts, impacts, and issues: Diane Publishing. Matthews, H. S., Hendrickson, C. T., & Weber, C. L. (2008). The importance of carbon footprint estimation boundaries. Environmental science & technology, 42(16), 5839-5842. Pollan, M. (2010). The food movement, rising. The New York Review of Books, 10(2010), 31-33. Purcell, M., & Brown, J. C. (2005). Against the local trap: scale and the study of environment and development. Progress in Development Studies, 5(4), 279- 297. Weber, C. L., & Matthews, H. S. (2008). Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States. Environmental science & technology, 42(10), 3508-3513. Speaker Bios: Tamar Makov is a PhD student at the Center for Industrial Ecology at Yale, where her research focuses on sustainable consumption and food systems. Before attending Yale, Makov was a consultant to the Israeli Ministry of Environmental Protection and the leader of the joint ministerial project for Well-being indicators. Prior to her work on Well-being, Makov was awarded a Koret-Milken institute fellowship where she focused on green building policy, sustainable consumerism and financing biodiversity. Mrs. Makov holds a BS.C in Nutritional Sciences from HUJI and a Master’s degree in Public Policy from IDC. Her recent publications include:“Land, irrigation water, greenhouse gas, and reactive nitrogen burdens of meat, eggs, and dairy production in the United States”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2014), “Partitioning United States’ feed consumption among livestock categories for improved environmental cost assessments “, Journal of Agricultural Science (2014), and “EcoTime—An intuitive quantitative sustainability indicator utilizing a time metric” Ecological Indicators (2013) -------Saturday, Nov 15th 9:30-10:30am - Paper presentation 3 Title: “Access to Land: Innovations in Securing Affordable Farmland for the Next Generation” Holly Rippon-Butler (National Young Farmers Coalition) – Kroon Hall Room 321 Abstract: Land is a critical piece of the food system. Without it, there are no vegetables to harvest, no fruit to pick, no milk to drink or meat to eat. Access to affordable farmland is one of the biggest challenges facing beginning farmers, and unstable leasing arrangements can present a further obstacle to success. If we as a nation want access to fresh and locally produced food, then we must take bold steps to secure a permanent and affordable land base for working farmers. The time is now—in the next two decades, more than two-thirds of the farmland in the United States will change hands. In rural areas, family farms are being purchased by speculators or consolidated into mega farms. In urban-influenced areas, active farms are being taken out of production as they’re sold for development or rural estates. A new generation of farmers needs land to satisfy the demand for fresh, local produce, but in many areas, the price of farmland is far greater than what they can afford. Unable to pay the market price for farmland, working farmers are being driven from the most valuable growing regions in the country—the land directly surrounding 80 percent of the American public who now live in cities. This report focuses on successful, pioneering strategies that land trusts are employing to save farmland and support working farmers within urban-influenced areas. We highlight the work of land trust innovators because we believe that their ideas and methods are critical to keeping farmers on the land and in business. If significantly scaled-up, these strategies that build on traditional farmland conservation models will help to build a vibrant food system and long-term food security for our nation. As a coalition of working farmers, the issue of land access is at the very root of NYFC’s work. We are working to change policies, spread the word about innovation, and provide the technical tools that farmers, landowners, non-profits, policy makers, and scholars need to take part in keeping our farmland productive and in the hands of farmers. Speaker Bio: Holly Rippon-Butler is the Land Access Campaign Manager with the National Young Farmers Coalition. In addition to her work with NYFC advocating for land access for the next generation of farmers, she works with her parents on their third-generation dairy and beef farm in Upstate New York. -------Title: “New Haven Farms’ Farm-Based Wellness Program: Using iPad technology to collect data on intervention programs on urban farms” – Rebecca Kline, MPA, Executive Director (New Haven Farms), Debbie L. Humphries, Ph.D./MPH (Yale School of Public Health), Molly Nelson, Community and Research Manager (New Haven Farms), Karen Briegs, MBA, Vice President Sales and Marketing (Writeresult) – Burke Auditorium Abstract: Innovative approaches that incorporate technological advances in data collection can play an essential role in characterizing the effect of urban farming in changing social, behavioral, and nutritional risk factors for populations that are highly vulnerable to diet-related chronic diseases in the US. New Haven Farms’ (NHF) Farm-Based Wellness Program has an elaborate research design that uses such technology to successfully examine program outcomes for a low-income Hispanic population. NHF’s Program is an attempt to create a sustainable and just community food system that impacts obesity for those with multiple health and economic risk factors. It provides participants with weekly exposure to urban agriculture to increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables and improve their overall health and food security. Participants are referred to the Program from a local federally-qualified health center, the Fair Haven Community Health Center, and criteria for inclusion includes at least two diet-related chronic disease risk factors and a household income that is within 200% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. The Program is designed as a free, farm-based, bilingual (English/Spanish), 20-week intervention wherein referred adults and their children receive weekly hands-on farming classes, nutrition education lessons, and cooking demonstrations that focus on preparing the fruits and vegetables that participants receive in weekly CSA shares with vegetables produced by NHF and fruit produced by local Bishop’s Orchards. Research findings indicate that the NHF’ Program increases individual produce consumption by 0.86 servings/day, and may also increase consumption of produce for the entire household. Food insecurity was reduced significantly in both adults participating in the program and in children residing in the adults’ household. It is challenging, yet crucial to collect the amount of data required to demonstrate the effect of urban agriculture on human health and food security. NHF’s pre- and post-test includes standard anthropometric measurements including BMI and BP, and two national validated surveys: a dietary screener used to estimate fruit and vegetable intake (NHANES Dietary Screener), and a food security status assessment (USDA Household Food Security Survey Module). Weekly on-farm data collection includes an assessment of how produce is used by members, harvest data, and data that demonstrate the number of serving sizes distributed. In 2014, NHF shifted from paper-based data collection to electronic iPad technology for gathering all data. In collaboration with Writeresult, a New Jersey-based company specializing in clinical digital data collection, NHF researchers are using reliability, mobility, reduction in user-created error, ability to train non-research staff, and time efficiencies. The company’s myPROpadTM data collection device to capture all pre, post, and weekly participant data, as well as harvest and produce distribution data. This data collection technology was originally designed for use in the pharmaceutical industry, but has broad applications in research situations where forms and information capture are traditionally completed on paper. In addition to sharing urban farming methodologies, program delivery strategies, and available program research results, our panel will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of using this type of new technology in urban farming and public health interventions including issues of security. Speaker Bios: Karen Briegs, MBA, VP, Sales and Marketing – As VP, Sales and Marketing for writeresult, Karen Briegs is directly responsible for all aspects of Business Development, Sales, and Marketing for a family of patient-focused and workflow friendly ePRO solutions. Karen started the writeresult product line when it was under the 3C Company umbrella, serving as Senior Director of Product Development supporting the launch of their flagship digital writing ePRO solution from 20032007. Before rejoining writeresult, Ms. Briegs was Senior Program Director at GE Healthcare’s Medical Diagnostics Division where she led the US Project Management Office and was responsible for progressing the development of imaging agents across multiple modalities and therapeutic areas. Karen brings to bear more than two decades of experience in the Pharmaceutical Industry having held senior level roles in Product Development (therapeutic and diagnostic), Clinical Development/Operations, Project Management and PMO Management, Clinical Technologies (EDC, CDM, CTM, ePRO), Operational Efficiency, Business Development, Sales and Marketing. Her career has placed her in a variety of settings – CRO, mid-sized and top 10 global Pharma, small startups, and one of the largest companies in the world – and she brings those perspectives together to build strong collaborations which have consistently led to success for all parties. Her insights on implementing practical and actionable metrics have been cited in industry periodicals and whitepapers on the subject of performance management within drug development, and she’s been called upon to present at several forums on topics ranging from implementation of Electronic Data Capture to Integration of Telework into Pharmaceutical Research Organizations. Ms Briegs holds undergraduate degrees in both Biological Science and Human Ecology from Cook College at Rutgers University, and a Masters of Business Administration with a focus in Marketing from Fairleigh Dickinson University in Madison, New Jersey. Dr. Debbie Humphries, PhD, MPH, Clinical Instructor in Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, Co-Principal Investigator, New Haven Farms – Dr. Humphries has a broad background in public health research and practice. She has been a consultant in the areas of diet and physical activity behavior change, sustainability of community health programs, program monitoring and evaluation, and training in participatory monitoring and evaluation. She works with agencies throughout Connecticut in her Practice Based Community Health Research course, which places student groups with agencies in the State of Connecticut to conduct implementation research. Dr. Humphries has collaborated with New Haven Farms since the 2013 season, to assist with research methods, implementation and analysis. She is interested in the importance of food systems, and local food systems in particular, on enhancing and strengthening positive food practices for individuals and households. Rebecca Kline, MPA, Executive Director, New Haven Farms, has worked at the intersection of poverty alleviation, agriculture, and environmental sustainability for the past 10 years. She graduated from Columbia University’s School for International and Public Affairs (SIPA) with a Masters in Public Administration in Environmental Science and Policy, after which she completed a 1-year sustainable agriculture fellowship with the Deshpande Foundation in rural India. Rebecca has held positions in Sarah Lawrence College’s Office of Community Partnerships, running national and international experiential learning social justice programs for students, and the Fair Haven Community Health Center’s Diabetes Prevention Program, where she captured and packaged the program so that other community health clinics worldwide could replicate it. Rebecca founded and currently directs New Haven Farms, a community organization in her hometown that aims to promote health and community development through urban agriculture. Rebecca splits her time between Connecticut and the Sierra Foothills of California, where she lives in a small yurt with her husband and their 2-year old daughter Ava Joan. Molly Nelson, Community and Research Manager, New Haven Farms, received her BA from Bates College, and is currently pursuing an MA in Latin American Studies from the University of New Mexico. Within New Haven Farms, Molly is responsible for all data collection and participant attendance at the Farm-Based Wellness Program. She lives in New Haven with her boyfriend and two dogs, actively competes in triathlons, and is training for her first Ironman. -------Title: “A New Framework for Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Urban Farm Systems” Helena Farrell, MLA (University of Massachusetts Amherst & Stockbridge School of Agriculture) – Kroon Hall Room 319 Abstract: Urban agriculture is composed of many different styles, practices, and modes of production from traditional to state-of-the-art. Its diversity and adaptability allow it to optimally suit disparate sites and provide wide-ranging outcomes and benefits. At the same time, this makes systematic farm system evaluation difficult. Given the tremendous variation of urban farms and the importance of understanding the interwoven relationships between site, people, biology, climate and economics that create and sustain them, there is a need for a more sophisticated research method that better articulates and distinguishes actual farm systems, their designs, dynamics, outcomes and benefits. As eminent urban agriculture researcher, Luc Mougeot, has said, we need “a conceptual yardstick for identifying meaningful differences & gradations”1. This paper has responded by creating a comprehensive analysis & assessment framework that makes it possible to compare and contrast, realize advantages and disadvantages, and maximize urban agriculture’s potential to contribute to the sustainability and quality of life in 21st century cities. Researchers, planners, designers, policy makers and community members can use this framework to evaluate and improve existing urban agriculture projects, as well as guide the development of new ones. While Urban Agriculture research has historically focused on a small number of social and economic impacts especially, food security and household savings, the new framework is expanded to include additional social, economic, and ecological metrics. Furthermore, urban agriculture outcomes and benefits are linked to metrics within farm system design and dynamics; a connection not yet established or clearly articulated. Explicit analysis of designed urban agricultural systems is minimal to non-existent within the academic literature to date. This new framework is ideal for case study research, supports holistic evaluation of farm systems, and is essential for understanding the web of influences that make urban farms so dynamic, diverse, and productive. The evaluative framework was created through a synthesis of value metrics and assessment criteria from common agricultural practice, agro ecosystem analysis, permaculture, edible forest gardening, landscape architecture, urban planning, and neoclassical and informal economics. Matrices make it possible to cross-reference value metrics (data) with assessment 1 “Urban Agriculture: Definition, Presence, Potentials and Risks” Thematic Paper 1, Mougeot, Luc J.A. criteria (values/ratings). This paper presents the framework, its application as a research method, and the key findings from comparative analysis and assessment of two case studies: Growing Power, Inc. in Milwaukee, WI and the Holyoke Edible Forest Garden in Holyoke, MA. Both are leading examples of their respective, urban agriculture typology: Growing Power modeled after a traditional, family farm in the Midwest, and the Edible Forest Garden modeled after a wild, mid-succession, forest ecosystem. The contrasting farm systems yield especially rich comparisons that reveal the significance of different design strategies, their influence on system dynamics, and the eventual culminations in outcome & benefits. Sophisticated insight produced by this approach is paramount for designing and maintaining successful urban farms and food systems, for bringing new information to bear in this burgeoning field, and for providing scientific data to support policy, research and entrepreneurial endeavors in contemporary urban farming and food systems. Speaker bio: Helena Farrell currently works as an Associate Landscape Designer at Regenerative Design Group in Greenfield, Ma. and a Lecturer in the Sustainable Food and Farming program at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst where she teaches Urban Agriculture courses online and in person. She has a BA in Cultural Geography and Sustainable Human Habitat and a Masters in Landscape Architecture. Her multidisciplinary education and experience inform Helena’s perspective as a designer and researcher. By integrating skill sets and taking a holistic approach to problem-solving, her work addresses complex, critical issues of 21st century Human Ecology. Her interest in farm systems comes from more than 13 years of practicing Biointensive Farming and Permaculture and developing the skills, knowledge and wisdom at the heart of Agricultural Systems Ecology. In 2010, Agroecology became the focus of her masters project in which she developed a research method for evaluating farm system designs and assessing their agricultural, social, economic and ecological outcomes. Her method has been applied to research in the U.K. and serves as the foundation for the courses she instructs at UMass, Amherst. -------Title: “Eating Invaders: Can We Manage Biological Invasions with a Fork and Knife?” – Joshua Galperin (Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale Law School) & Sara Kuebbing (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies) – Kroon Hall Room G01 Abstract: As the public, academy, government, and private sector all turn increased attention to food systems, new ideas constantly emerge for healthy, sustainable, and just innovations in growing, marketing, and eating food. “Invasivory”—eating invasive species—is one such idea. Biological invasions occur when humans transport an organism from its ecosystem of origin into a new ecosystem and that organism adapts to its new location, spreading widely from the site of introduction. Invasive species can cause significant ecological, economic, and public health damage. Crops, homes, and native species are all at risk. “Invasivores,” as the proponents of invasivory are called, recognize the many dangers of invasive species, and they propose bringing invaders into the food system. Whether as commodities, value-added artisanal goods, game, or any other object of the system, the argument is the same: the food system is a powerful force and human eating habits can effect dramatic change as is evidenced from the many species that humans have eaten to near extinction. What was bad for the passenger pigeon or Atlantic Cod is good for European starlings or Asian carp. Put differently, humans can address the problems of invasive species by eating them. Businesses, governments, and academics now promote the invasivore movement. In New Haven, Connecticut, Chef Bun Lai of Miya’s Sushi is one of the nation’s leading invasivores, and he serves a number of invasive dishes in his restaurant. Governments as different as Michigan and Florida have started campaigns to promote consumption of invasive fish. Professors and graduate students from Vermont to Indiana host websites touting the ecological benefits. Unfortunately, there are compelling arguments against the invasivore movement. This presentation will describe the rationale and breadth of the eating invaders movement followed by a series of critiques. For example, both food safety and environmental laws may prohibit the sale of many invasive species. Birth and death rates might make it impossible for consumption to have any impact on populations. Social expectations and economic standards are likely to interfere with complete eradication of any popular food source. The invasivore movement is captivating and, to its credit, is a tool for educating the public about an important issue. However, it is unlikely to be effective and the more popular it becomes, the more likely it is to exacerbate ecological problems. For this reason, a more critical and public debate of the idea is necessary. Speaker Bios: Joshua Galperin – Joshua Ulan Galperin is the Associate Director of the Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy and Clinical Director and Lecturer in Law at Yale Law School. Josh oversees all operations of the Center for Environmental Law & Policy, including budgeting, fundraising, research, and teaching. His own research addresses the law of takings and just compensation, with a current focus on just compensation in the context of climate change adaptation; and the law and policy of invasive species management. Josh directs and co-teaches the Yale Environmental Protection Clinic. Prior to his positions at Yale, Josh worked for the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy (SACE) where he was a policy analyst and research attorney. In that position he established and managed SACE’s coal plant retirement campaign, which was a hybrid legal, grassroots, and analytical effort to catalyze retirement of the Southeast’s oldest, dirtiest, and least efficient coal plants. Before SACE, Josh was a legislative counsel for the Vermont General Assembly where he primarily staffed the House and Senate committees on agriculture. In that role he was involved with a number of bills that eventually became law including Vermont’s farm-to-plate investment program, dairy price stabilization, and creation of the Vermont Grape and Wine Council. Josh studied law at Vermont Law School where he graduated magna cum laude and was a member of the Vermont Law Review’s senior editorial board. He earned a master’s degree in environmental management from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and a bachelor’s degree in political science with a minor in wildlife conservation from the University of Delaware. Sara Kuebbing holds a Gaylord Donnelley Postdoctoral Environmental Fellowship from the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies. Sara is a research fellow at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies where she studies the impacts of nonnative, invasive species on native communities and ecosystems. Currently, she is working to build better models for predicting when nonnative plants are likely to impact ecosystem processes, like decomposition and carbon cycling in forested ecosystem. Sara’s research also focuses on increasing public awareness of invasive species and promoting better state and federal policies to prevent the spread and impact of current and future invaders. Prior to coming to Yale, Sara worked with the Vermont Chapter of the Nature Conservancy as the Program Coordinator of a statewide invasive species awareness campaign. Sara earned her doctoral degree in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and her bachelor’s degree in Wildlife Conservation from the University of Delaware. -------Saturday, Nov 15th 10:45am-12:00pm- Paper presentation 2 Workshop: “Beyond the Field Trip: What do collaborations between academics and practitioners look like on the ground?” - Saskia Cornes & Emily McGinty (Duke Campus Farm) – Burke Auditorium Given the unusual breadth of stakeholders invited to the Yale Food Symposium, this workshop will provide attendees the opportunity to hear from both academics and practitioners as to how experiential and land-based learning within the food system might best be incorporated into more traditional classroom settings at the university level. Saskia comes from the Duke Campus Farm, a relatively young campus farm program with strong academic ambitions. She has worked on both sides of the aisle (as a university instructor using site-visits to engage and complicate theoretical concepts, and now as a campus farmer trying to solicit/field collaborations with scholars). Particularly within food systems work, more and more academics and practitioners sense a mutual benefit in collaboration. Even with good intentions, however, cross-pollination between field and classroom presents unique challenges for both sides. This workshop will facilitate a discussion among participants around such questions as: - How can academics build site visits to campus farms, community gardens and community-based projects etc. into their curricula in intellectually rigorous ways, as more than ancillary field trips? What would they need to understand about these sites in order to do so? - How can “hands-on” approaches best support course content and critical thinking? What kinds of responsibilities do academics have to collaborators in the context of relatively brief interactions and vice-versa? - How can campus farms and other land-based projects best communicate their institutional and/or intellectual value? - How can each side best leverage the opportunities that such sites offer? What are some best practices/fruitful missteps of such collaborations that might be shared among the group? To begin this discussion, presenters will briefly present a case study from their own project. The one-acre campus farm at Duke includes a small “Cackalacky” (Carolina) Cash Crops demonstration garden that includes cotton, sweet potatoes, indigo, tobacco, and peanuts. These crops will be used as entry points into conversations around complex regional histories of race and rural economy. For example, Duke Farm grows white cotton, similar to varietals currently being reintroduced to the Carolinas in the wake of tobacco’s demise, as well as heirloom varietals of naturally colored cotton, grown by 18th and 19th century slave populations banned from cultivating the white cotton of their masters. Presenters would like to hear about other integrative projects, missed connections, needs and aspirations from both scholars and the places and communities they work or seek to work with. Speaker Bios: Saskia Cornes is farm manager and program coordinator at the Duke Campus Farm. This oneacre farm, part of Duke University, is in its fourth season of working to catalyze change in the food system. Cornes has taught environmental humanities courses as a PhD student in English at Columbia University, and sustainable agriculture at the Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems at UC Santa Cruz. Emily McGinty is the current Duke Campus Farm Fellow, a position that allows her to engage with both the farm's production operations and educational programming. Emily has had the privilege of helping grow the Duke Campus Farm since its 2010 inception, and she is interested in the ways dynamic growing spaces contribute to vibrant intellectual and practical experiences in broadly-defined campus communities. -------- Title: The Revolution is in the Kitchen, Cooking: Food Justice in Action! – Nadine Nelson (Global Local Gourmet) – Sage Hall Bowers Auditorium Abstract: Cooking real food is a revolutionary act. Food is about nourishment and is fundamental to our existence. As more people do not know how to cook, we have lost the means to care for ourselves. Nadine Nelson will share her projects that engage people in culinary education and food justice. Designing programs like Public Kitchen and Master Cooks Corps, she uses the kitchen as a revolutionary place for people to feel empowered, learn, connect to the environment, share their culture, provide fellowship, build community, and cook up solutions to brainwashed thinking that food costs too much, it is too hard, what about food desserts, and it takes too long. She will share concrete examples that show how cooking can liberate the food movement and make it even more delicious. Speaker Bio: Chef Nadine is the chef and owner of Global Local Gourmet an interactive culinary event company specializing in experiential epicurean occasions that cook up delicious adventures for from expected yet close to home in the form of cooking classes, culinary tours, culinary team building events, and wellness workshops. She has studied the culinary arts in Paris at the Ritz Escoffier, has a certificate in food styling from the New School and a certificate in fundraising and philanthropy from New York University in New York, and earned a teaching degree from Tufts University in Boston, consequently she brings a worldly perspective to seasonal food.