Chairperson, Physical Therapy / Edward L. Ratledge Professor
Physical Therapy Department
301 McKinly Lab/323 McKinly Lab
302-831-8046 sbinder@udel.edu
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Dr. Binder-Macleod is interested in the effects of electrical stimulation parameters on muscle performance and he works with both human and animal research models
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1987 Medical College of Virginia – Ph.D.: Physiology – Neuroscience
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1979 Emory University – MMSc: PT Education in the Neurosciences
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1974 State University of New York at Buffalo – BSPT: Physical Therapy
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Sep78-Jun83 Emory University, Instructor, Department of Community Health, Division of Physical
Therapy
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Aug79-Dec82 Emory University, Research Associate, Regional Research and Training Center
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Sep74-Jul77 Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital, Staff Physical Therapist, Department of Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation
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John H.P. Maley Award, American Physical Therapy Association – Section on Research Awarded for Outstanding Contributions to Leadership in Research, 2010.
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Convocation Speaker at Northwestern University, Department of Physical Therapy; Chicago, IL;
December 2008.

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Named Edward L. Ratledge Endowed Professor of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware,
Spring 2006
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Don W. Wortley Endowed Lectureship, University of Utah, Division of Physical Therapy, Salt Lake
City, Utah, April 2006
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Dervitz Lecturer, Temple University Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, February
2006
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Golden Pen Award in recognition of significant contributions to the advance of Physical Therapy,
American Physical Therapy Association, 2004
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Alumni Association Outstanding Alumnus, Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth
University, 2003
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Elected Catherine Worthingham Fellow in recognition of lasting and significant advances in science, education, and practice of the profession of physical therapy, American Physical
Therapy Association, 2003

Biotechnology/Life Sciences Category Finalist, National Instruments, Virtual Instrumentation
Application Paper Contest, 2003 (Perumal R, Binder-Macleod SA, Wexler AS: Novel Softward for
Functional Electrical Stimulation Incorporating Feedback)
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Chattanooga Award for the best clinical research paper published in Physical Therapy, American
Physical Therapy Association, 2002 (Stackhouse SK, Stevens JE , Lee SCK, Pearce KM,
Snyder-Macler L, Binder-Macleod SA: Maximum voluntary activation of fresh and fatigued muscle of young and elderly individuals. Physical Therapy, 81: 1102-1109, 2001)
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Marion Williams Award For Research in Physical Therapy, American Physical Therapy
Association, 1999
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Eugene Michels New Investigator Award for the outstanding new investigator who has demonstrated a commitment to a defined research theme, American Physical Therapy
Association, 1993
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Who's Who Among Students in American Universities and Colleges, 1987
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Annual Alumni Memorial Award for the outstanding graduate student in the School of Basic
Health Sciences, MCV Alumni Association, 1986
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Graduate Assistantship, MCV School of Basic Health Sciences, 1984-1987
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A.D. Williams Predoctoral Fellowship, MCV, 1983
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Scholarship Award for Outstanding Scholastic Achievement, Department of Physical Therapy,
State University of New York at Buffalo, 1974
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Society for Neuroscience

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International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society
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American Physiological Society
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Delaware Area Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience
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American Physical Therapy Association o Research Section o Education Section o Clinical Electrophysiology Section
Principal Investigator

Delaware Health Sciences Alliance - An 18-month pilot grand commencing 11/10. ($75,000) Pilot
Grant Award - Relationships Between Cortical Motor Organization and Response to Exercise
Interventions in Children with Cerebral Palsy (with Samuel Lee (UD), Trisha Kesar (UD),
Freeman Miller (Nemours), Susan Duff (TJU), and Kert Anzilotti (CCHS)

NIH 1R01NR010786 9/12/07 - 5/31/12: $2,800,000 Fast Treadmill Training/Functional Electrical
Stimulation to Improve Walking The overall goal of this multidisciplinary research partnership project is to develop a physiologically based intervention to improve functional ambulation in individuals who have sustained a stroke. The Specific Aims are to: 1)develop and test a fast treadmill training and functional electrical stimulation (FastFES) intervention that improves the walking patterns and energy efficiency during treadmill -walking in individuals who have sustained a stroke, 2) develop and test a 12-week training protocol using FastFES to improve body structure and function in individuals who have sustained a stroke, and 3) demonstrate the feasibility and potential effects of FastFES training compared to traditional treadmill training on body function, activity, and participation in individuals who have sustained a stroke. A total of 60 stroke survivors will be rigorously studied over the course of this five-year grant.
For more information please click here
Co-Investigator
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NIH R44 HD065388 (PI: E. Hartman of customKynetics): commencing 4/11: $125,000 for phase I
- 6 months
FastFES Neural Prosthesis for Stroke Ambulation and Rehabilitation. This 18 month FastTrack
SBIR.
Role: UD subcontract PI. 5% effort/year.

AHA 11CRP5120025 (PI: Trisha Kesar): commencing 1/11: $110,000
Understanding the Time Course and Magnitude of Motor Learning During Gait Rehabilitation
Roles: Investigator and Mentor
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NIH P20 RR1658 (PI: Thomas Buchanan): 6/1/07 - 5/31/12: $2,100,000 direct/year Center for
Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Women in Science and Engineering on

Osteoarthritis
The goal of this grant is develop a center for biomedical research excellence at the University of
Delaware that focuses on the mentoring of women scientists and engineers and the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
Additional Roles: Scientific Advisory Board Member and Mentor

NIH R01 PAR-060459 8/15/08 - 7/31/13: ~$400,000 direct/year
Robotic Exoskeletons, FES, and Biomechanics: Treating Movement Disorders This competitive renewal of HD38582 is to assist patients with CNS dysfunction to produce improved walking patterns through a combination of functional electrical stimulation (FES), robotic assistive training, and biomechanical modeling.
Role: Lead Investigator

NIH R01-NS055383 (PI: Higginson): 4/1/08 - 11/30/12 Muscle Morphology, Strength and
Compensatory Strategies Following Stroke
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term adult disability. The relationship between altered muscle force-generating capacity, activation and coordination during walking after stroke is unclear.
Through coupled experiments and simulations, the goal of this project is to identify factors that limit gait speed post-stroke to assist rehabilitation professionals in designing treatment interventions that address the specific impairments of an individual subject.
Role: Investigator
Program Director
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NIH K12-HD055935 (PI: Mueller) 9/15/07 – 8/31/12: $4,800,000
Multicenter Career Development Program for Physical and Occupational Therapists
The goal of this multicenter training program is to provide training for new investigators to acquire the research skills necessary to become independent investigators in rehabilitation approaches.
The core institutions are Washington University, University of Pittsburgh, and University of
Delaware but training also can occur at John Hopkins University, Emory University, University of
Miami, or the University of Iowa. Co-PD: Anthony Delitto (Pitt)

NIH T32-NCMRR commencing 5/10
Training Grant - PT/PhD Predoctoral Training Program.
Principal Investigator
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NIH R01HD036797 7/01/02 - 6/30/06: $1,080,000
Force optimization in human skeletal muscle
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NIH R01HD036797 3/1/98 - 2/28/02: $800,000
Force optimization in human skeletal muscle
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UNIDEL Foundation: 4/99: $80,000
A construction and equipment grant for the improvement of teaching laboratories in the
Department of Physical Therapy
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NIH R13HD036757 8/17/98 - 7/31/99: $6,000
Neuroplasticity: Interface of basic and clinical science. A grant to support a 5-day conference organized by Section on Research of the APTA in August 1998.

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NIH R29AR041264 FIRST Award 6/26/92 - 5/31/97: $536,000
Force optimization in rat and human skeletal muscle
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UNIDEL Foundation 01/94: $70,000
An equipment grant for the purchase and installation of a human muscle physiology testing center

Foundation for Physical Therapy 6/89 - 5/91: $50,951
Identification of optimal frequencies for stimulation of skeletal muscle
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University of Delaware Research Foundation 01/88 - 12/89: $12,000
Developing a model to simulate physiological fatigue
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University of Delaware Biomedical Research Support Grant 11/87 - 10/88: $4,000
Minimizing transmission failure in cat single motor units during electrical stimulation
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United Health Foundation Short-Term Fellowship Support Grant, Summer 1973
Analysis of Single Motor Unit Discharge Patterns in Humans - Beverly Bishop Ph.D. sponsor
Co-Investigator
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R01 HD043859 (PI: Samuel CK Lee) 7/1/04 - 3/31/09
Strength Training Using NMES for Children with Cerebral Palsy
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NIH R01 HD38582 (PI: Thomas Buchanan) 8/1/02 - 7/31/07
FES & Biomechanics:Treating Movement Disorders
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5R01HD041055 (PI: Lynn Snyder-Mackler) 3/15/02 - 2/28/07: $225,000 direct/year
NMES For Older Individuals After Total Knee Arthroplasty
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NIH R21-HD40956-01 (PI: Rudolph) 3/1/01 - 6/30/04: $450,000
Smart Fluid Devices for Physical Rehabilitation
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Whitaker Foundation (PI: David T. George) 01/93 - 12/95: $179,600
An advanced, multipoint stimulator for cardiomyoplasty
Program Director
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NIH T32 HD 7490 5/1/03 - 4/30/08: $118,000
PT / PhD Predoctoral Training Program
Additional Role: Mentor
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NIH T32HD007490 8/20/96 - 4/30/01: $557,000
PT/PhD Predoctoral Training Program
Co-Director
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NIH P20 RR16458 (Director: Tom Buchanan) 8/1/02 - 7/31/07: $6,400,000
Center for Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) Osteoarthritis prevention and treatment
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NIH R01 HD38582 (Director: Tom Buchanan) 8/1/02 - 7/31/07: $3,100,000
Bioengineering Research Partnership (BRP) and robotics
Consultant/Mentor

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2/1/01 - 1/31/04
Rehabilitation Research and Development Science - Department of Veteran's Administration-
Advanced Career Development Award to Carolynn Patten. Palo Alto, CA- Motor unit firing patterns in hemiplegia.
Faculty Advisor for Sponsored Student Research Awards and Grants

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Dylan Thorne-Figzgerald, June, 2010:
$3,500
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Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Sarah Flynn, June, 2009: $3,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Nick Jenner, June, 2009: $3,500

Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Dylan Thorne-FitzGerald, June, 2009: $3,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Lori Kenuk, June, 2008: $3,500
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Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Sarah Flynn, June, 2008: $3,500
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University of Delaware Wolf Award to Jun Ding, 2001: $1,000. This award is given to the student who wrote the best doctoral dissertation in the life or physical sciences
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Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to David Russ, 2000: $7,500
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Foundation for Physcial Therapy Doctoral Research Award to Scott Stackhouse, 2000: $15,000

Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to David Russ, 1999: $15,000

University of Delaware Office of Graduate Studies Competitive Fellowship to David Russ, 1999:
$10,000

University of Delaware Office of Graduate Studies Competitive Fellowship to Jun Ding, 1999:
$10,000

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Jessie Dean, June 1999: $3,000

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Amanda Turner, June 1999: $3,000

Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to Samuel C.K. Lee, 1998: $7,500

Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to David Russ, 1998: $7,500

University of Delaward Office of Graduate Studies Competitive Fellowship to David Russ, 1998:
$10,000
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Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Karen Pearch, June 1998: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Beverlyn Mandigma, June 1998: $2,500
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Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Jessie Dean, June 1998: $2,500

Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to Samuel C.K. Lee, 1997: $8,500

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Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to David Russ, 1997: $1,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Cara Becker, June 1997: $2,500
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Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Karen Pearce, June 1997: $2,500
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Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Beverlyn Mandigma, June 1997: $2,500
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Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to Samuel C.K. Lee, 1996: $8,370

University of Delaware Office of Graduate Studies Competitive Fellowship to Samuel C.K. Lee,
1996: $21,690
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Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Cara Becker, June 1996: $2,500
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Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Anthony Braim, June 1996: $2,500
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Foundation for Physical Therapy Doctoral Research Award to Samuel C.K. Lee, 1995: $5,000

American Physical Therapy Association Postprofessional Doctoral Scholarship to Samuel C.K.
Lee, 1995: $13,291
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Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Michelle Cullen, June 1995: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Lorin Kucharski, June 1995: $2,500
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Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Lorin Kucharski, June 1994: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to April Fritz, June 1994: $2,500

Engineering Scholar Research Fellowship to Pamela Lottero, June 1993: $3,000

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Lisa Landis, June 1993: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Julia Alioto, June 1992: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Kimberly Anderson, June 1991: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Esther Halden, June 1990: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Lori McDermond, June 1989: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Tracy Johnson, June 1989: $2,500

Science Scholar Research Fellowship to Esther Halden, June 1989: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Charles Barker, June 1988: $2,500

Peter White Undergraduate Research Fellowship to Tom Guerin, June 1988: $2,500

Peer Reviewed Publications
1. Sions JM, Tyrell CM, Knarr BA, Jancosko A, Binder-Macleod SA. Age- and Stroke-Related
Muscle Skeletal Changes: A Review for the Geriatric Clinician. Journal of Geriatric Physical
Therapy: Nov 20, 2011.
2. Reisman DS, Kesar T, Perumal R, Roos MA, Rudolph KS, Higginson J, Helm E, Binder-Macleod
S. FastFES locomotor training improves paretic propulsion, activity and participation after stroke:
A pilot study. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair (In Revision) March, 2011.
3. Hakansson NA, Kesar T, Reisman D, Binder-Macleod S, Higginson JS. Effects of fast functional electrical stimulation gait training on mechanical recovery in poststroke gait. Artif Organs.
35(3):217-20, 2011.
4. Sions JM, Malecka C, Knarr B, Jancosko A, Binder-Macleod SA. The Cumulative Impact of a
Neurological Insult and Aging on Skeletal Muscle Function: Considerations for the Treating
Therapist. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy (In Revision) March 2011.
5. Kesar TM, Reisman DS, Perumal R, Jancosko AM, Higginson JS, Rudolph KS, Binder-Macleod
SA. Combined effects of fast treadmill walking and functional electrical stimulation on post-stroke gait. Gait Posture. 33(2):309-13, 2011
6. Kesar TM, Binder-Macleod SA, Hicks GE, Reisman DS. Minimal detectable change for gait variables collected during treadmill walking in individuals post-stroke. Gait Posture. 33(2):314-7,
2011.
7. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Kesar A, Jancosko A, Laufer A, Binder-Macleod SA. A phenomenological model that predicts forces generated when electrical stimulation is superimposed on submaximal volitional contractions. Journal of Applied Physiology 108(6):1595-604, 2010. PMID: 20299613
8. Di Stasi SL, Macleod TD, Winters JD, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of statins on skeletal muscle: a perspective for physical therapists. Phys Ther. 90(10):1530-42, 2010.
9. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod SA. Novel patterns of functional electrical stimulation have an immediate effect on dorsiflexor muscle function during gait for people poststroke. Physical Therapy, 90:55-66, 2010. PMC2802826.
10. Sions JM, Malecka C, Knarr B, Jancosko A, Binder-Macleod SA. The Cumulative Impact of a
Neurological Insult and Aging on Skeletal Muscle Function: Considerations for the Treating
Therapist. Physical Therapy (In Review – submitted Oct. 2009).
11. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Kesar A, Jancosko A, Laufer A, Binder-Macleod SA. A mathematical model that predicts forces generated when electrical stimulation is superimposed on submaximal volitional contractions. Journal of Applied Physiology (In Review – submitted October, 2009).
12. Di Stasi SL, Macleod TD, Winters JD, Binder-Macleod SA. Detecting the adverse effects of statins on skeletal muscle: a perspective for physical therapists. Physical Therapy (accepted pending revisions- September 2009).
13. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod SA. Novel patterns of functional electrical stimulation have an immediate effect on dorsiflexor muscle

function during gait for people poststroke. Physical Therapy, 90:55-66, 2010. PMC2802826.
14. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod SA. Functional electrical stimulation of ankle plantar- and dorsi-flexor muscles: effects on post-stroke gait.
Stroke, 40(12):3821-7, 2009.
15. Marion MS, Wexler AS, Hull ML, Binder-Macleod SA. Predicting the effect of muscle length on fatigue during electrical stimulation. Muscle Nerve 40(4):573-581, 2009.
16. Kesar T, Santamore WP, Perumal R, Binder-Macleod SA. Functional Electrical Stimulation of skeletal muscle – Implications for cardiovascular support. Basic Applied Myology 19 (1): 31-34,
2009.
17. Lee SC-K, Ding J, Prosser LA, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. A Predictive Mathematical Model of Muscle Forces for Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Developmental Medicine & Child
Neurology 51(12):949-58, 2009.
18. Krishnamoorthy V, Hsu WL, Kesar TM, Benoit DL, Banala SK, Perumal R, Sangwan V, Binder-
Macleod SA, Agrawal SK, Scholz JP. Gait training after stroke: a pilot study combining a gravitybalanced orthosis, functional electrical stimulation, and visual feedback. J Neurol Phys Ther.
23(4): 192-202, 2008.
19. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Development of a mathematical model for predicting electrically elicited quadriceps femoris muscle forces during isovelocity knee joint motion . J
Neuroeng Rehabil. (in press, October 2008).
20. Kesar T, Santamore WP, Perumal R, Binder-Macleod SA. Functional Electrical Stimulation of skeletal muscle – Implications for cardiovascular support . Basic Applied Myology 19 (1): 31-34,
2009.
21. Chou LW, Lee SC, Johnston TE, Binder-Macleod SA. The effectiveness of progressively increasing stimulation frequency and intensity to maintain paralyzed muscle force during repetitive activation in persons with spinal cord injury . Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 89(5):856-64
2008.
22. Kesar TM, Ding J, Wexler AS, Perumal R, Maladen R, Binder-Macleod SA. Predicting muscle forces of individuals with hemiparesis following stroke . J Neuroeng Rehabil. 27;5:7, 2008.
23. Willson J, Binder-Macleod SA, Davis IM. Lower Extremity Jumping Mechanics Of Females With
And Without Patellofemoral Pain Before And After Exertion . Am J of Sports Medicine 36:1587-
96,2008.
24. Chou LW, Kesar TM, Binder-Macleod SA. Using Customized Rate-Coding and Recruitment
Strategies to Maintain Forces During Repetitive Activation of Human Muscles . Phys Ther
88(3):363-75 2008.
25. Petterson SC, Barrance P, Buchanan T, Binder-Macleod S, Snyder-Mackler L. Mechanisms underlying quadriceps weakness in knee osteoarthritis . Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc., 40(3):422-
427, 2008.
26. Kesar T, Chou LW, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of stimulation frequency versus pulse duration modulation on muscle fatigue . J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 18(4): 662-71, 2008.
27. Lee SC, Braim A, Becker CN, Prosser LA, Tokay AM, Binder-Macleod SA. Diminished fatigue at reduced muscle length in human skeletal muscle . Muscle Nerve. 36(6):789-97, 2007.

28. Ding J, Chou LW, Kesar TM, Lee SC, Johnston TE, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA.
Mathematical model that predicts the force-intensity and force-frequency relationships after spinal cord injuries . Muscle Nerve. 36(2):214-22, 2007.
29. Chou LW, Binder-Macleod SA. The effects of stimulation frequency and fatigue on the forceintensity relationship for human skeletal muscle . Clin Neurophysiol. 118(6):1387-96, 2007.
30. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Stackhouse CA, McCarthy JJ, Prosser LA, Lee SC.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation versus Volitional Isometric Strength Training in Children
With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair .
21(6):475-85, 2007.
31. Maladen R, Perumal R, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Relationship between stimulation train characteristics and dynamic human skeletal muscle performance . Acta Physiol (Oxf). 189(4):337-
46, 2007.
32. Maladen RD, Perumal R, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of activation pattern on nonisometric human skeletal muscle performance . J Appl Physiol. 102(5):1985-91, 2007.
33. Scott WB, Lee SC, Johnston TE, Binkley J, Binder-Macleod SA. Effect of electrical stimulation pattern on the force responses of paralyzed human quadriceps muscles . Muscle Nerve.
35(4):471-8, 2007.
34. Agrawal A, Sangwan V, Banala SK, Agrawal SK, Binder-Macleod SA. Design of a Novel Two
Degree-of-Freedom Ankle-Foot Orthosis. J. of Mechanical Design, 129:1137-1143, 2007.
35. Kesar T, Binder-Macleod SA. Effect Of Frequency And Pulse Duration On Human Muscle Fatigue
During Repetitive Electrical Stimulation . Exp Physiol. 91(6):967-976, 2006.
36. Keeton RB and Binder-Macleod SA. Low Frequency Fatigue: An Update . Physical Therapy,
86(8):1146-50, 2006.
37. Thompson WR and Binder Macleod SA. Association of Genetic Factors with Selected Measures of Physical Performance . Physical Therapy, 86(4):585-91, 2006.
38. Scott WB, Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Binkley J, Binder-Macleod SA. Contractile Properties and the
Force-Frequency Relationship of the Paralyzed Human Quadriceps Muscle . Physical Therapy,
39. Perumal R, Wexler AS, and Binder-Macleod SA: Mathematical Model That Predicts Lower Leg
Motion in Response to Electrical Stimulation . Journal of Biomechanical, 39(15):2826-36, 2006.
86(6):788-99, 2006.
40. Kebaetse MB, Lee SC-K, Johnston TE, Binder-Macleod SA. Strategies That Improve Paralyzed
Human Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Performance During Repetitive, Non-Isometric Contractions .
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 86:2157-2164, 2005.
41. Ding J, Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Wexler AS, Scott WB, Binder-Macleod SA: A mathematical model that predicts isometric muscle forces for individuals with spinal cord injuries . Muscle & Nerve
31(6):702-12. 2005.
42. Binder-Macleod SA and Kesar T. Catchlike Property of Skeletal Muscle – Recent Findings and
Clinical Implications . Muscle & Nerve, 31(6):681-93, 2005.
43. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Lee SCK. Voluntary Muscle Activation, Contractile, and
Fatigue Properties in Children With and Without Cerebral Palsy . Muscle & Nerve 31(5):594-60,

2005.
44. Scott WB, Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Binder-Macleod SA. Switching Stimulation Patterns Improves
Performance of Paralyzed Human Quadriceps Muscle . Muscle & Nerve 31(5):581-8, 2005.
45. Chou LW, Ding J, Wexler AS Binder-Macleod SA. Optimal Electrical Stimulation for Repetitive
Human Muscle Activation . Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 15:300-309, 2005.
46. Kebaetse MB and Binder-Macleod SA: Strategies that improve human skeletal muscles performance during repetitive, non-isometric contractions . Pflugers Arch. 448(5):525-32, 2004.
47. Scott WB and Binder-Macleod SA: Changing stimulation patterns improves performance during electrically elicited contractions . Muscle & Nerve. 28:174-80, 2003.
48. Ding J, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA: Mathematical models for fatigue minimization during functional electrical stimulation . Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 13:575-588, 2003.
49. Ding J, Storaska JA, Binder-Macleod SA: The effect of potentiation on the catchlike property .
Muscle & Nerve 27:312-319, 2003.
50. Stackhouse SK, Steven JE, Johnson CD, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA: Predictability of maximum voluntary knee extension force from submaximal contractions in older adults. Muscle &
Nerve 27:40-45, 2003.
51. Steven JE, Stackhouse SK , Binder-Macleod SA, Snyder-Mackler L: Are voluntary activation deficits in older adults meaningful?
Muscle & Nerve 27:99-101, 2003.
52. Ding J, Wexler AS, and Binder-Macleod SA: A mathematical model that predicts the forcefrequency relationship of human skeletal muscle . Muscle & Nerve 26(4):477-85, 2002.
53. Russ DW, Vandenborne K, Walter GA, and Binder-Macleod SA: Factors in fatigue during intermittent electrical stimulation of human skeletal muscle . J Appl Physiol. 93 469-478, 2002.
54. Russ DW, Vandenborne K, Walter GA, Elliott M, and Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of muscle activation on fatigue and metabolism in human skeletal muscle . J Appl Physiol. 92(5):1978-86,
2002.
55. Ding J, Wexler AS, and Binder-Macleod SA: A predictive fatigue model I: Predicting the effect of stimulation frequency and pattern on fatigue . IEEE. Trans. Rehab. Eng. 10(1):48-58, 2002.
56. Ding J, Wexler AS, and Binder-Macleod SA: A predictive fatigue model II: Predicting the effect of resting time on fatigue . IEEE. Trans. Rehab. Eng. 10(1):59-67, 2002.
57. Perumal R, Ding J, Wexler AS, and Binder-Macleod SA: Modeling the length dependence of isometric force in human quadriceps muscles . J. Biomech. 35(7):919-30, 2002.
58. Russ DW, Elliot MA, Vandenborne KHE, Walter GA, and Binder-Macleod SA: Metabolic costs of force generation and maintenance of human skeletal muscle . Amer. J. Physiol. Endocrinol.
Metab. 282:E448-E457, 2002.
59. Kebaetse MB and Binder-Macleod SA: Stimulation pattern and frequency affect performance during repetitive dynamic shorting contractions . J Appl Physiol. 92:109-16, 2002.
60. Binder-Macleod SA, Dean JC, and Ding J: Electrical stimulation factors in potentiation of human quadriceps femoris . Muscle & Nerve 25:271-279, 2002.

61. Stackhouse SK, Reisman DS, and Binder-Macleod SA: The role of pH in skeletal muscle fatigue .
Physical Therapy, 81:1897-1903, 2001.
62. Scott W, Stevens J, and Binder-Macleod SA: Human skeletal muscle fiber type classifications .
Physical Therapy, 81:1810-1816, 2001.
63. Stevens JE, Binder-Macleod SA, Snyder-Mackler L: Characterization of the human quadriceps muscle in active elders . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 82:973-8, 2001.
64. Binder-Macleod SA and Scott W: Comparison of fatigue produced by electrical stimulation trains designed to optimize force . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 172:195-203, 2001.
65. Kebaetse MB, Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA: A novel stimulation pattern improves performance during repetitive dynamic contractions . Muscle & Nerve, 24:744-752, 2001.
66. Stackhouse SK, Stevens JE, Lee SCK, Pearce KM, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA:
Maximum voluntary activation of fresh and fatigued muscle of young and elderly individuals .
Physical Therapy, 81: 1102-1109, 2001.
67. Lee SCK, Becker CN, Binder-Macleod SA: Activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during dynamic contractions: Effects of load on fatigue . Journal of Applied Physiology, 89:926-936,
2000.
68. Ding J, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA: A predictive model of fatigue in human skeletal muscles .
Journal of Applied Physiology, 89:1322-1332, 2000.
69. Stackhouse SK, Dean JC, Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA: Measurement of central activation failure of the quadriceps femoris in healthy adults . Muscle & Nerve, 11:1706-1712, 2000.
70. Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA: Effects of activation frequency on dynamic performance of human fresh and fatigued muscles . Journal of Applied Physiology, 88:2166-2175, 2000.
71. Ding J, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA: Development of a mathematical model that predicts optimal muscle activation patterns using brief trains . Journal of Applied Physiology, 88:917-925,
2000.
72. Binder-Macleod SA, Ding J, Mandigma BC, Wexler AS: Use of a mathematical model to identify optimal activation patterns for skeletal muscle during cardiomyoplasty . Basic Appl. Myol. 9 (3):
117-123, 1999.
73. Lee SCK, Becker CN, Binder-Macleod SA: Catchlike-inducing train activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions: burst modulation . Journal of Applied
Physiology, 87:1758-1767, 1999.
74. Lee SCK, Gerdom ML, Binder-Macleod SA: Effects of muscle length on the catchlike property of human quadriceps femoris muscle . Physical Therapy, 79:738-748, 1999.
75. Russ DW, Binder-Macleod, SA: Variable-frequency trains offset low-frequency fatigue in human skeletal muscle . Muscle & Nerve, 22:874-882, 1999.
76. Binder-Macleod SA, Russ DW: Effect of activation frequency on low-frequency fatigue in human skeletal muscle . Journal of Applied Physiology, 86:1337-1346, 1999.
77. Ding J, Binder-Macleod SA, Wexler AS: Two-step, predictive, isometric-force model tested on data from human and rat muscles . Journal of Applied Physiology 85:2176-2189, 1998.

78. Binder-Macleod SA, Lee SCK, Russ DW, and Kucharski LJ: Effects of activation pattern on human skeletal muscle fatigue . Muscle & Nerve 21:1145-1152, 1998.
79. Binder-Macleod SA, Lee SCK, Fritz AD, and Kucharski LJ: A fresh look at the force-frequency relationship of human skeletal muscle: effects of fatigue . Journal of Neurophysiology, 79:1858-
1868, 1998.
80. Binder-Macleod SA, Lee SCK and Baadte SA: Reduction of the fatigue-induced force decline in human skeletal muscle by optimized stimulation trains . Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 78:1129-1137,
1997.
81. George DT, Binder-Macleod SA, Delosso TN, and Santamore WP: Variable-frequency train stimulation of canine latisimus dorsi muscle during shortening contractions . Journal of Applied
Physiology 83(3):994-1001, 1997.
82. Binder-Macleod SA and McLaughlin WA: Effects of asynchronous stimulation on the human quadriceps femoris muscle . Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 78:294-297, 1997.
83. Wexler A, Ding J and Binder-Macleod SA: A mathematical model that predicts skeletal muscle force . IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 44:337-348, 1997.
84. Binder-Macleod SA and Lee SCK: Assessment of efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in patients with hemiplegia. Topics in Stroke Rehab. 3:88-98, 1997.
85. Binder-Macleod SA and Lee SCK: Catchlike property of human muscle during isovelocity movements . J. Appl. Physiol. 80:2051-2059, 1996.
86. Binder-Macleod SA: Variable-frequency stimulation patterns for the optimization of force during muscle fatigue: Muscle wisdom and the catch-like property . Adv. in Exp. Med. and Biol. 384:227-
240, 1995.
87. Binder-Macleod SA and Snyder-Mackler L: Muscle fatigue: clinical implications for fatigue assessment and neuromuscular electrical stimulation . Physical Therapy, 73:902-910, 1993.
88. Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA, and Williams PR: Fatiguability of human quadriceps femoris muscle following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction . Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc.
25:783-789, 1993.
89. Binder-Macleod SA and Stoner TJ: Force-frequency relationship in the human quadriceps femoris muscle: Effects of joint angle. J. Clin Electrophysiol. 4:36-41, 1992.
90. Binder-Macleod SA and Barrish WJ: Force response of rat soleus muscle to variable-frequency train stimulation . J. Neurophysiol. 68:1068-1078, 1992.
91. Binder-Macleod SA and McDermond LM: Changes in the force-frequency relationship of the human quadriceps femoris muscle following electrically and voluntarily induced fatigue . Physical
Therapy, 70:95-104, 1992.
92. Binder-Macleod SA and Barker CB: Use of the catchlike property of human skeletal muscle to reduce fatigue . Muscle & Nerve, 14:850-857, 1991.
93. Binder-Macleod SA and Guerin T: Preservation of force output through progressive reduction of stimulation frequency in the human quadriceps femoris muscle . Physical Therapy, 70:619-625,
1990.

94. Binder-Macleod SA and Clamann HP: Force-frequency relations of cat motor units during linearly varying dynamic stimulation . J. Neurophysiol., 61:208-217, 1989.
95. Woerman AL and Binder-Macleod SA: Leg length discrepancy assessment: Accuracy and precision in five clinical methods of evaluation . J Ortho Sports Phys Ther, 5:230-239, Mar/Apr
1984.
96. Carey PB, Wolf SL, Binder-Macleod SA and Bain RL: Assessing the reliability of measurements from the Krusen Limb Load Monitor to analyze temporal and loading characteristics of normal gait . Physical Therapy, 64:199-204, 1984.
97. Wolf SL and Binder-Macleod SA: EMG biofeedback applications to the hemiplegic patient:
Changes in upper extremity neuromuscular and functional status . Physical Therapy, 63:1393-
1403, September 1983.
98. Wolf SL and Binder-Macleod SA: EMG Biofeedback applications to the hemiplegic patient:
Changes in lower extremity neuromuscular and functional status . Physical Therapy, 63:1404-
1413, September 1983.
99. Wolf SL and Binder-Macleod SA: Use of the Krusen Limb Load Monitor to quantify temporal and loading measurements of gait . Physical Therapy, 62:976-982, July 1982.
100. Binder SA, Moll C and Wolf SL: Evaluation of EMG biofeedback as an adjunct to therapeutic exercise in treating the lower extremities of hemiplegic patients . Physical Therapy,
61:886-893, 1981.
Commentaries, Short Reviews, Conference Proceedings, and Book Chapters
1. Binder-Macleod SA, Perumal R, Chou LW, Kewar T, Snyder-Mackler L: Twitch Interpolation a
Valid Measure With Misinterpreted Meaning. Journal of Applied Physiology, 107 (1): 363-363,
2009.
2. Agrawal A, Banala S, Agrawal S, Binder-Macleod S. Design of a Two Degree-of-freedom Ankle-
Foot Orthosis for Robotic Rehabilitation. IEEE 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation
Robotics, Chicago, IL, June, 2005.
3. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Mathematical Model That Predicts Lower Leg Motion
In Response to Electrical Stimulation. Proceedings of the 8 th Annual Conference of the
International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, Bournemouth, UK, pp. 141-143,
September 2004.
4. Kebaetse MB, Binder-Macleod SA. Strategies for delaying muscle failure during repetitive dynamic performance of human skeletal muscle. Proceedings of the 7 th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, Ljubljana, Slovenia, pp. 100-102, June,
2002.
5. Ding J, Wexler AS, Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA. A predictive model of force for children with spinal cord injuries. IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, pp.21-23,
Philadelphia, April, 2002.
6. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Ding J, Binder-Macleod SA. Mathematical modeling of skeletal muscle under non-isometric FES. IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, pp.29-31,

Philadelphia, April, 2002.
7. Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA, Mettler PF: Physical Therapy Research and Researchers in the United States: Good News and Bad News. Physical Therapy Reviews 2:173-178, 1997.
8. Binder-Macleod SA: Electromyographic biofeedback to improve voluntary motor control. In: L
Snyder-Mackler and AJ Robinson (eds.) Clinical Electrotherapy: Electrotherapy and electrophysiological testing. Second Edition. Williams and Wilkins Co., pp. 433-449; 1995.
9. Binder-Macleod SA: Commentary on "Recovery from a 1-minute bout of fatiguing exercise:
Characteristics, reliability, and responsiveness." Physical Therapy, 74:241-242; 1994.
10. Binder-Macleod SA (Editor): Skeletal Muscle. A monograph published by the American Physical
Therapy Association. 1994.
11. Binder-Macleod SA: Introduction: Skeletal Muscle. Physical Therapy, 73:829, 1993.
12. Binder-Macleod SA: Force-frequency relationship in skeletal muscle. In D.P Currier and R.M.
Nelson (Eds.) Dynamics of Human Biological Tissues F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, pp. 97-113, 1992.
13. Binder-Macleod SA: Relevance of basic science research to physical therapy. Physical Therapy
Today, 13:40-46, 1990.
14. Wolf SL and Binder-Macleod SA: Neurophysiological factors in electromyographic feedback for neuromotor disturbances. In J.V. Basmajian (Ed.) Biofeedback: Principles and Practice for
Clinicians. Third edition. Williams and Wilkins Co., pp. 62-72, 1989.
15. Wolf SL and Binder-Macleod SA: Electromyographic biofeedback in the physical therapy clinic. In
J.V. Basmajian (Ed.) Biofeedback: Principles and Practice for Clinicians. Third edition. Williams and Wilkins Co., pp. 91-104, 1989.
16. Binder-Macleod SA: Biofeedback in stroke rehabilitation. In J.V. Basmajian (Ed.) Biofeedback:
Principles and Practice for Clinicians. Second edition. Williams and Wilkins Co., pp 73-89, 1983.
17. Binder-Macleod SA: Commentary on " Factors influencing quadriceps femoris muscle torque using transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation." Physical Therapy, 71:722-723, 1991.
18. Binder SA: Applications of low and high voltage electrotherapeutic currents. In S.L. Wolf (Ed.)
Electrotherapy. Churchill Livingston, Inc., New York City, pp 1-24,1981.
Published Abstracted Scientific Presentations
1. Kesar TM, Binder-Macleod SA, Reisman DS. Training Characteristics Influence the Magnitude of
Motor Learning during Post-Stroke Gait Rehabilitation. Neural Control of Movement (NCM)
Society Conference, Puerto Rico, 2011.
2. Kesar T. M., Reisman D.S., Roos M, Perumal R, Farquhar W.B., Binder-Macleod S. Novel locomotor training improves gait performance, activity, and participation in individuals with chronic stroke. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, February,
2011.

3. Danks K, Roos M, Reisman DS, Binder-Macleod S. Determining an optimal duration of locomotor training to maximize functional improvements post stroke. Combined Sections Meeting of the
American Physical Therapy Association, February, 2011.
4. Roos, M; Reisman, D; Rudolph, K; Binder-Macleod, S. A Novel Way to Analyze Step Activity in
People Post-Stroke. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association,
February, 2011.
5. Hakansson NA, Kesar T, Reisman DS, Binder-Macleod S and Higginson JS. Effects of FastFES
Gait Training on Mechanical Recovery in Post-Stroke Gait. Platform Presentation International
Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, September, 2010.
6. Knarr BA, Kesar TM, Helm E, Reisman DS, Binder-Macleod SA, Higginson JS. Simulation detects changes in muscle activation in post-stroke gait after a functional electrical stimulation intervention. Annual Conference of the American Society of Biomechanics, Rhode Island, 2010.
7. Awad LA, Kesar TM, Binder-Macleod SA. How Many Training Sessions are Necessary to Obtain an Accurate Assessment of Gait Performance in Individuals Post-Stroke? American Physical
Therapy Association Combined Sections Meeting, New Orleans, 2010.
8. Kesar TM, Reisman DS, Roos M, Perumal R, Farquhar WB, Binder-Macleod SA. Novel
Locomotor Training Improves Gait Performance, Activity, and Participation in Individuals with
Chronic Stroke. American Physical Therapy Association Combined Sections Meeting, New
Orleans, 2010 (Podium Presentation).
9. Hakansson, N.A., Kesar, T.M., Reisman, D.S, Binder-Macleod, S.A. and Higginson, J.
“Mechanical recovery influenced by dorsiflexor not plantarflexor stimulation in post-stroke gait.”
American Society of Biomechanics. Providence, RI, 2010. (Podium presentation)
10. Roos M, Kesar TM, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Jancosko AL, Binder-Macleod SA.
Fast treadmill walking and electrical stimulation improves structure, function and participation in individuals post-stroke: a case series. Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy
Association, June 2009.
11. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of combining plantar- and dorsi-flexor functional electrical stimulation on post-stroke gait. Society for
Neuroscience Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, 2009.
12. Chou L-W, Reisman D, Binder-Macleod SA, Knight CA. Motor unit discharge behavior in patients with stroke. Society for Neuroscience Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, 2009.
13. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects Of
Novel Physiological-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation Patterns On Post-Stroke Gait. Annual
Conference of the American Society of Biomechanics, University Park, PA, August 2009.
14. Kesar TM, Jancosko A, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod
SA. Effects of plantarflexor and dorsiflexor functional electrical stimulation on gait patterns of individuals post-stroke. Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy Association,
Baltimore, MD, June 2009.
15. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Meyers AL, Binder-Macleod SA. Estimating the degree of neural activation in post-stroke muscles. Society for Neuroscience Annual Conference, Washington D.C., 2008.
16. Krishnamoorthy V, Hsu W-L, Scholz J, Kesar T, Benoit D, Perumal R, Binder-Macleod S, Banala
S, Sangwan V, Agrawal S. Gait Training following stroke: A pilot study combining a gravitybalanced orthotic device, functional electrical stimulation and visual feedback. APTA Combined

Sections Meeting in Nashville, TN February 6-9, 2008.
17. Kao G, Perumal R, Binder-Macleod S, Berton E, Buchanan T. Influence of isometric muscle fatigue on the human force-length relationship. American Society of Biomechanics, Stanford
University, Pala Alto, CA, August 2007.
18. Higginson J, Kesar T, Perumal R, Binder-Macleod S. Simulation-Guided Stimulation for Paretic
Ankle Muscles During Stroke Gait. Summer Bioengineering Conference, Keystone, CO, June
2007.
19. Sellers EW, Vaughan TM, McFarland DJ, Krusienski DJ, Mackler SA, Cardillo R, Schalk G,
Binder-Macleod SA, Wolpaw JR. Daily Use Of A Brain-Computer Interface By A Man With ALS.
Society for Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, November 2006.
20. Kesar T, Ding J, Wexler AS, Perumal R, Maladen R, Binder-Macleod SA. Predicting Muscle
Forces From Individuals With Hemiparesis Following Stroke. Society for Neuroscience, Atlanta,
GA, November 2006.
21. Chou L.W., Binder-Macleod S.A. Changes in the relationship between stimulation intensity and force output with fatigue for human quadriceps muscles. Conference of the International
Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, Montreal, Canada, July, 2005.
22. Lee S.C.K., Ding J., Stackhouse S.K., Binder-Macleod S.A. A Predictive Model of Muscle Forces for Children with Cerebral Palsy. Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation
Society, Montreal, Canada, July, 2005.
23. Ding J., Kesar T., Wexler A.S., Binder-Macleod S.A. A Mathematical Model That Incorporates
The Force-Intensity Relationship Of Human Skeletal Muscle. Conference of the International
Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, Montreal, Canada, July, 2005.
24. Kesar T, Chou L.W., Binder-Macleod S.A. Effects Of Frequency And Intensity On Skeletal Muscle
Fatigue During Repetitive Electrical Stimulation. Conference of the International Functional
Electrical Stimulation Society, Montreal, Canada, July, 2005.
25. Scott W, Lee SCK, Johnston T, Binkley J, Binder-Macleod SA. Contractile Properties and the
Force-Frequency Relationship of the Paralyzed Human Quadriceps Muscle. Combined Sections
Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February, 2005.
26. Stackhouse C, Lee SCK, Schaefer MK, Stackhouse SK, McCarthy JJ, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod
SA, The Effects of Electrical Stimulation vs. Volitional Strength Training on Gait in Children with
Cerebral Palsy. Combined Sections Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February, 2005.
27. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Parker KW, McCarthy JJ, Binder-Macleod SA. Neuromuscular
Electrical Stimulation And Volitional Isometric Strength Training Of The Quadriceps Femoris And
Triceps Surae In Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Study. American
Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA,
September, 2004
28. Ding J, Lee SCK, Johnston TE, Wexler AS, Scott WB , Binder-Macleod SA. A predictive mathematical force model for spinal cord injured patients. United Spinal Association Annual APS
Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 2004.
29. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Mathematical Model That Predicts Lower Leg Motion
In Response to Electrical Stimulation. Conference of the International Functional Electrical
Stimulation Society, Bournemouth, UK, September 2004.

30. Kebaetse MB, Binder-Macleod SA, Lee SCK, Johnston, T. Paralyzed Skeletal Muscle
Performance During Electrically Elicited, Repetitive, Non-Isometric Contractions. United Spinal
Association Annual APS Conference, Las Vegas, NV, September 2004.
31. Ding J, Kesar T, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA, Using a Mathematical Model to Predict the
Isometric Force-Intensity Relationship. XVth Congress of the International Society of
Electrophysiology & Kinesiology, Boston, MA, June, 2004.
32. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Ronan TA, Parker KW, McCarthy JJ, Binder-Macleod SA, Smith BT.
Preliminary results of percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation for strength training in children with cerebral palsy. 8th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical
Stimulation Society, Queensland, Australia, July, 2003.
33. Ding J, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Mathematical model that predicts muscle fatigue.
Experimental Biology 2003, San Diego, CA, April 2003.
34. Chou L-W, Ding J, Wexler AS, Scott W, Binder-Macleod SA. Using a mathematical model of fatigue to predict best electrical stimulation frequency for repetitive human muscle activation.
Experimental Biology 2003, San Diego, CA, April 2003.
35. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Ding J, Binder-Macleod SA. Validation of a mathematical model that predicts forces during isovelocity contractions. Experimental Biology 2003, San Diego, CA, April
2003.
36. Stackhouse SK, Lee SCK, Schaefer MK, McCarthy JJ, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA.
Percutaneous electrical stimulation for strength training the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscles in two children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. 33rd Neural Prosthesis Workshop,
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health Bethesda,
MD, October, 2002.
37. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA. Contractile and Fatigue Characteristics of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle in Children with and without Cerebral Palsy. American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine 56th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA,
Supplement 91, 44(8): p. 38-39, September, 2002.
38. Kebaetse MB, Binder-Macleod SA. Strategies for delaying muscle failure during repetitive dynamic performance of human skeletal muscle. Conference of the International Functional
Electrical Stimulation Society, Ljubljana, Slovenia, June, 2002.
39. Ding J, Wexler AS, Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA. A predictive model of force for children with spinal cord injuries. IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference Philadelphia, April,
2002.
40. Perumal R, Wexler AS, Ding J, Binder-Macleod SA. Mathematical modeling of skeletal muscle under non-isometric FES. IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, Philadelphia,
April, 2002.
41. Stackhouse SK, Lee SCK, Smith BT, Binder-Macleod SA. Use of a topical anesthetic during the assessment of voluntary activation in children with cerebral palsy. Combined Section Meeting,
APTA, Boston, MA, February 2002.
42. Lee SCK, Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Smith BT. Contractile and fatigue characteristics of quadriceps femoris muscle in children with and without cerebral palsy. Combined Section
Meeting, APTA, Boston, MA, February 2002.

43. Stackhouse SK, Johnson CD, Stevens JE, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA. Predictability of maximum voluntary quadriceps force from submaximal contractions in the elderly. Combined
Section Meeting, APTA, San Antonio, TX, February, 2001.
44. Russ, DW, S. A. Binder-Macleod, K. Vandenborne and G. A. Walter. Effects of stimulation frequency and duration on metabolism and fatigue in human skeletal muscle. Integrative Biology of Exercise, Portland, ME, September, The Physiologist 43 (4): 359,2000.
45. Scott W, Binder-Macleod, SA. Doublet-frequency trains offset fatigue in electrically stimulated muscle. Experimental Biology Meeting, San Diego, CA, April, 2000.
46. Ding J, Wexler AS, Binder-Macleod SA. Developing a mathematical model that predicts fatigue.
Experimental Biology Meeting, San Diego, CA, April, 2000.
47. Toriello KA, Russ DW, Binder-Macleod SA. Characterization of post-activation attenuation of human skeletal muscle. Experimental Biology Meeting, San Diego, CA, April, 2000.
48. Russ DW, Binder-Macleod SA, Vandenborne K. Effects of frequency on human skeletal muscle fatigue during electrical stimulation. Combined Section Meeting, APTA, New Orleans, LA,
February, 2000.
49. Stackhouse SK, Dean JC, Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA. Detection of central activation failure of the quadriceps femoris in health adults. Combined Section Meeting, APTA, New Orleans, LA,
February, 2000.
50. Kebaetse MB, Lee SC, Binder-Macleod SA. Performance optimization in human quadriceps isotonic muscle contraction during knee movement. Combined Sections Meeting of the APTA,
New Orleans, LA, February, 2000.
51. Lee SCK, Becker CN, Binder-Macleod SA. Activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions: Effects of load on fatigue. Combined Sections Meeting of the APTA, New
Orleans, LA, February, 2000.
52. Lee SCK, Binder-Macleod SA. Variable-frequency train activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during isotonic contractions: Frequency characteristics. 1999 Scientific Meeting &
Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association.
53. Russ DW, Binder-Macleod SA. Force-frequency relationship in the human medial gastrocnemius muscle. 1999 Scientific Meeting & Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association.
54. Russ DW, Binder-Macleod SA, Elliot MA, Swift A, Vandenborne K, Vardaro M Walter G.
Metabolic cost of different stimulation trains during fatigue of skeletal muscle. Experimental
Biology Meeting, Washington, DC, April, 1999.
55. Lee SCK, Pearce KM, Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA. Maximum voluntary recruitment in fresh and fatigued muscle of young and elder individuals. Experimental Biology Meeting,
Washington, DC, April, 1999.
56. Russ DW and Binder-Macleod. Effects of activation frequency on low-frequency fatigue in human skeletal muscle. FASEB, San Francisco, CA, April, 1998, Volume 12, p. A644.
57. Lee SCK, Braim A, Becker C, and Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of length on fatigue of human skeletal muscle. FASEB, New Orleans, LA, April, 1997, Volume 11, p. A13.

58. Ding J, Wexler AS, and Binder-Macleod SA. Mathematical model to predict forces from skeletal muscle during brief trains of pulses. FASEB, Washington D.C., June 1996.
59. Binder-Macleod SA, Kucharski LK, and Lee SCK. Fatiguing effects of the catchlike property in human muscle. FASEB, Washington D.C., June 1996.
60. Binder-Macleod SA , Lee SCK , and Cullen ML. Effects of muscle length on the catchlike property in fresh and fatigued human muscle. American Congress of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, OH,
June 1996.
61. Binder-Macleod SA, Kucharski LK, and Lee SCK. Effects of the catchlike property on the fatigue of human muscle. American Congress of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, June 1996.
62. Binder-Macleod SA, Fritz AD, and Kucharski LJ. Use of the catchlike property of human quadriceps femoris muscle to optimize force output during repetitive activation. Presented at the
World Confederation of Physical Therapy in Washington, D.C., June 1995.
63. Binder-Macleod SA and Landis LJ. Effects of train frequency and fatigue state on the catchlike property in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. 24th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience,
Miami, FL Abstracts Vol. 20, p.1204, 1994.
64. Binder-Macleod SA, Lee NJ and Baadte SA. Effects of variable frequency trains on human quadriceps femoris muscle during repetitive isometric and isokinetic contractions. Presented at the APTA/CPA Joint Congress in Toronto, Ontario, June, 1994. Phys Ther (Suppl) 74:S13, 1994.
65. Wexler AS, Blair J, and Binder-Macleod SA. Development of a mathematical model to predict muscle force. FASEB annual meeting, Anaheim, CA, 1994. FASEB J. 8:A57, 1994
66. George DT, Delosso TN, Cruz MP, Shea JS, Binder-Macleod SA, Santamore WP. New Electrical
Stimulus Patterns Improve Latisimus Dorsi Muscle Contractile Function, Proc. Cardiovascular
Science and Technology Conference, pg. 30, 1993.
67. Binder-Macleod SA and Lee SCK. Catchlike property of human muscle during shortening and lengthening contractions. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Washington, DC.
Abstracts Vol. 19, p.155, 1993.
68. Delosso TN, Cruz MP, Shea JS, Binder-Macleod SA, Santamore WP, George DT. Efficient electrical stimulation improves skeletal muscle performance for cardiomyoplasty. Clinical
Research 41(3):610A, 1993
69. Shea JS, Cruz MP, Delosso TN, Binder-Macleod SA, George DT, and Santamore WP.
Comparison of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction times: Relevance to cardiomyoplasty.
Proc. 19th Annual Northeastern Bioengineering Conference. IEEE Publishing, Newark, NJ, p.19-
20, 1993.
70. Delosso TN, George DT, Cruz MP, Shea JS, Binder-Macleod SA, and Santamore WP. Variable frequency stimulation of latisimus dorsi muscle for cardiomyoplasty. Proc. 19th Annual
Northeastern Bioengineering Conference. IEEE Publishing, Newark, NJ, p.154-155, 1993.
71. Binder-Macleod SA and Baadte SA. Identification of optimal interpulse interval (IPI) patterns for activation of fatigued human quadriceps femoris muscle. 22nd Annual Meeting of the Society for
Neuroscience. Abstracts Vol. 18, p.1557, 1992.
72. Binder-Macleod SA and Anderson KL. Effects of stimulation frequency on the fatigue rate of human quadriceps femoris muscle. Presented at the 67th Annual Conference of the American

Physical Therapy Association, Denver, CO. Physical Therapy 72(Suppl):S97, 1992.
73. Binder-Macleod SA and Baadte SA. Identifying the variable frequency train that optimizes force production in human quadriceps femoris muscle. Presented at the 67th Annual Conference of the
American Physical Therapy Association, Denver, CO. Physical Therapy 72(Suppl):S96, 1992.
74. Binder-Macleod SA and Halden EE. Comparison of three electrophysiological methods for the assessment of maximum voluntary isometric force from the human quadriceps femoris muscle.
Presented at the 67th Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy Association, Denver,
CO. Physical Therapy 72(Suppl):S63, 1992.
75. Snyder-Mackler L, Binder-Macleod SA, Williams P, and Halden EE. Evidence for type II fiber atrophy after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Presented at the 67th Annual Conference of the
American Physical Therapy Association, Denver, CO. Physical Therapy 72(Suppl):S44, 1992.
76. Binder-Macleod SA and Halden EE. Effects of varying stimulation intensity on the force-frequency relationship of human quadriceps femoris muscle. Presented at the 66th Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy Association, Boston, MA. Physical Therapy 71(Suppl):S102-
S103, 1991.
77. Binder-Macleod SA. Identification of optimal interpulse intervals for production of a rapid rate of rise of force in rat soleus muscle. 20th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Abstracts
Vol. 16, p.119, 1990.
78. Binder-Macleod SA and Johnson TL. Effects of muscle length on the force-frequency relationship in human quadriceps femoris muscle. Abstracts of Platform and Poster Presentations, 65th
Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy Association. p.50, 1990 ( Anaheim, CA).
79. Binder-Macleod SA and McDermond LR. Changes in the force-frequency relationship with electrically and voluntarily induced fatigue in human quadriceps femoris muscle. Abstracts of
Platform and Poster Presentations, 65th Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy
Association. p.49, 1990 ( Anaheim, CA).
80. Guerin T and Binder-Macleod SA. Preservation of force output through progressive reduction in stimulating frequency in the human quadriceps femoris muscle. Physical Therapy, 69:337, 1989
(presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Nashville, TN).
81. Barker C and Binder-Macleod SA. The effects of a variable rate, short duration train of electrical stimulation on the force output of human quadriceps femoris muscle. Physical Therapy, 69:337,
1989 (presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Nashville,
TN).
82. Binder-Macleod SA and Clamann HP. Force hysteresis of single motor units during frequencyvarying stimulation. 17th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Abstracts Vol. 13, p.
1212, 1987.
83. Binder-Macleod SA and Clamann HP. Electrical fatigue of motor units during low-frequency stimulation. 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Abstracts Vol. 12, p. 467, 1986.
84. Clamann HP, Schelhorn TB and Binder-Macleod SA. Non-linear force production in electrically stimulated motor units. 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Abstracts Vol. 12, p.
467, 1986.
85. Clamann HP and Binder-Macleod SA. Force-frequency relations of cat motor units during different patterns of stimulation. 15th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Abstracts

Vol. 11, p. 408, 1985.
86. Binder SA and Wolf SL. Use of a Portable Transducer to Objectively Analyze Temporal and
Force Components of the Gait Cycle. Physical Therapy, 61: May 1981 (presented at the Annual
Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Washington, DC).
87. Binder SA and Wolf SL. Assessing the Effectiveness of Positional Feedback to Treat an Ataxic
Patient: Application of a Single-Subject Design. Physical Therapy, 61: May 1981 (presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Washington, DC).
88. Binder SA, Moll C, and Wolf SL. Results From a Specific Protocol to Treat Hemiplegic Patients.
Physical Therapy, 60: May 1980 (presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Physical
Therapy Association, Phoenix. AZ).
Invited Presentations
1. Israeli Physiotherapy Association, Keynote Speaker, National Conference, Tel Aviv, Israel, May
2009.
2. Combined Section Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: New Frontiers in
Rehabilitation Research. Organizer: Marc Goldstein; co-presenters: Drs. Behrman, Buchanan,
Selzer, and Nitkin. Las Vegas, Nevada, February, 2009.
3. University of Southern California, Seminar speaker, Force Optimization During Electrical
Activation of Skeletal Muscle: From the Bench to the Bedside, Los Angles, California, January,
2009.
4. Northwestern University, Department of Physical Therapy, Seminar speaker, Force Optimization
During Electrical Activation of Skeletal Muscle: From the Bench to the Bedside, Chicago, IL,
December 2008.
5. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: New
Frontiers in Rehabilitation Research. Organizer: Marc Goldstein; co-presenters: Drs. Behrman,
Buchanan, Selzer, and Nitkin. San Antonio, Texas, June 2008.
6. Scottish Centre for Innovation in Spinal Cord Injury, Host: Professor Ken Hunt. One step at a time: Identification of optimal activation patterns in cats, rats, students, and patients. Glasgow,
Scotland October, 2008.
7. University of Delaware, College of Arts and Sciences, inaugural lecture for newly named Edward
L. Ratledge Professorship in Physical Therapy, Newark DE, September, 2006.
8. University of Utah , Division of Physical Therapy, Don Wortley Endowed Lectureship. Salt Lake
City, Utah, April, 2006.
9. Temple University , Department Physical Therapy, Dervitz Lecturer, Title: One step at a time:
Identification of optimal activation patterns in cats, rats, students, and patient populations.
Philadelphia, PA, February 2006.
10. Arcadia University, Research Infrastructure Retreat, Title: The research program at the University of Delaware: A model of scholarship for physical therapy programs. Glenside, PA, December
2005.
11. University of California Davis, Musculoskeletal (Neuromuscular) Biomechanics Seminar. Title:
Identification of stimulation parameters that maximize force and minimize fatigue: Experimental

and modeling results. Davis, California, March, 2005.
12. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: Creating an Environment for Research in Education Programs. Chicago, IL, July, 2004.
13. APTA Combined Section Meeting, Section on Research, Title: Foundation for PT Forum: How
Foundation Research Facilitates Follow-On Funding from the NIH. Nashville, TN, February, 2004.
14. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title:
Grantsmanship Workshop. Washington, DC, June, 2003
15. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: Followup Funding Opportunities. Washington, DC, June 2003.
16. Ithaca College, Grant Symposium: Where the Money Is and How to Get It, Ithaca, NY, May 2003.
17. Section on Education - Academic Administrators Special Interest Group Forum. Improving Grant
Funding. New York City, October 2002.
18. University of Florida , Department of Physical Therapy. Strategies for Delaying Muscle Failure
During Repetitive Dynamic Performance of Human Skeletal Muscle. Gainesville, FL, October
2002.
19. University of Colorado , Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology. Electrical stimulation patterns that maximize force and minimize fatigue: from mathematical models to clinical applications. Bolder, CO, November 2001.
20. New York University, College of Education. NIH Funding Tips. New York City, October , 2001.
21. New York University , Department of Physical Therapy. Using variable-frequency stimulation trains to maximize force production from fresh and fatigued human muscles. New York City,
March, 2001.
22. Vrije University - Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences. Symposium on Human Muscle Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury. Title: The use of variable-frequency stimulation trains to maximize force production from fresh and fatigued human muscles.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, December, 2000.
23. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: Muscle
Fatigue: Physiological basis and clinical implication. Indianapolis, IN, June 2000.
24. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: Funding
Application Tips: How to prepare an application for the Foundation for Physical Therapy.
Indianapolis, IN, June 2000.
25. National Institutes of Health, Rehabilitation Medicine Grand Rounds. A new look at the forcefrequency relationship in human skeletal muscle. Bethesda, MD, October, 1999.
26. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: Where
Do Research Dollars Go? A Historical Perspective on the Foundation. Washington, DC, June
1999.
27. Annual Conference and Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Title: Funding
Application Tips: How to prepare an application for the Foundation for Physical Therapy.
Washington, DC, June 1999.

28. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Section on
Geriatrics, Title: Improving the Odds: Preparing a successful NIH grant application. Seattle, WA,
February 1999.
29. Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Section on
Research, Moderator for Eugene Michels Forum Title: The evaluation of changes in skeletal muscle following disuse. Seattle, WA, February 1999.
30. University of Kansas, Department of Physical Therapy Education, The force-frequency relationship of human skeletal muscle: new perspectives and clinical implications. Kansas City,
KS, October, 1998.
31. Northwestern University, Program in Physical Therapy, A new look at the force-frequency relationship in skeletal muscle. Chicago, IL, January, 1998.
32. Beaver College, Department of Physical Therapy - Lecture to physical therapy students.
Sarcomere structure and function. Glenside, PA, October, 1997.
33. University of Pennsylvania, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine - Grand Rounds. Force-
Frequency Relationship In Skeletal Muscle: A new perspective. Philadelphia, PA, June, 1997.
34. University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Physical Therapy - Seminar. Use of Optimized
Stimulation Trains to Reduce Muscle Fatigue. November, 1996.
35. Sarcopenia and Physical Performance in Old Age. A workshop sponsored by the National
Institute on Aging. Session Co-Chair (with T. Musch) - Muscle Quality with Pathophysiology, Part
II. Muscle Fatigue. Bethesda, MD, July, 1996.
36. Neuroprosthesis Seminar, Cleveland FES Center, Case-Western Reserve University. Force optimization during FES using pulse train frequency modulation. Cleveland, OH, November,
1995.
37. Satellite Symposium to the 24th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience: Neural and neuromuscular aspects of muscle fatigue. Title: Muscle Wisdom: Stimulation patterns for the optimization of force during fatigue. Miami, FL, November, 1994.
38. University of Pennsylvania, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine - Grand Rounds. Use of frequency modulation to enhance force production from skeletal muscle. Philadelphia, PA,
December, 1993.
39. Annual Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association - Biological and Physiological
Responses to Electrical Stimulation. Cincinnati, OH, June, 1993.
40. Instructional Course following the Annual Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association -
Functional Electrical Stimulation. Cincinnati, OH, June, 1993.
41. Northwestern University, Programs in Physical Therapy - Factors affecting the force-frequency relationship in skeletal muscle. Chicago, IL, April, 1992.
42. Columbia University, Teachers College - Graduate Program in Motor Learning - Conference on
Neural and Muscular Mechanisms Associated with Strength Training. Influence of stimulation frequency on muscle tension and endurance. New York City, NY, March, 1992.
43. Yale University, John B. Pierce Foundation Laboratory - - Environmental Physiology Series -
Host: Dr. Brenda Bigland-Ritchie. Force-frequency relationship in skeletal muscle: Limitations in

using a simple sigmoid curve. New Haven, CN, February, 1991.
44. Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children - FNS Research Project staff. Use of frequency modulation to enhance force production from skeletal muscle. Philadelphia, PA, December, 1990.
45. Tri-Beta Biology Student Honor Society meeting. Force-frequency relationship in skeletal muscle:
Implications for rehabilitation. University of Delaware, March, 1990.
46. Biofeedback Society of America Annual Meeting - Efficacy and Mechanisms: Self-Regulation
Training of Stroke Patients - J.V. Basmajian, Moderator. Development of a treatment approach utilizing biofeedback to maximize latent potential. Chicago, Illinois, March 1982.
47. Medical College of Virginia, Department of Physical Therapy Student Seminar Series. Careers in academia for Physical Therapists. Richmond, Virginia, September, 1989.
48. Combined Sections Meeting of the APTA. Electrical stimulation and muscle fatigue: Maximizing force and minimizing fatigue. Sponsor: Section on Clinical Electrophysiology, Atlanta Georgia,
February 1987.
Invited Professional In-service and Continuing Education Presentations
1. Presenter: Optimal Design of electrical stimulation protocols. This lecture was part of a two-day seminar entitled: Enabling physical function through neuromuscular conditioning. Organized by
Dr. G. Dudley and sponsored by Neotonus. Atlanta, GA July, 2000.
2. CoPresenter with S. Wolf: How to prepare and critique a poster presentation. At the APTA ‘97:
Scientific Meeting and Exposition. Presentation sponsored by the Section on Research and the
Office of Professional Development of the APTA. San Diego, CA. May 1997.
3. CoPresenter with S. Wolf: How to prepare and critique a poster presentation. At the APTA ‘96:
Scientific Meeting and Exposition. Presentation sponsored by the Section on Research and the
Office of Professional Development of the APTA. Minneapolis, MN. June 1996.
4. Presenter: Moss Rehabilitation Center. EMG biofeedback following CVA. Philadelphia, PA, April,
1995.
5. Presenter: Bryn Mawr Rehab. Essential considerations for the clinical application of EMG
Biofeedback. Malvern, PA, November, 1994.
6. Presenter: Fundamental in electrotherapeutics. Four hours of lecture and laboratory experience.
These lectures are part of a two-day workshop covering a variety of physical agents used in rehabilitation. Sponsored by Current Clinical Concepts.
Seattle, WA November, 1993
Cleveland, OH March, 1994
Kansas City, MO May, 1994
Atlanta, GA June, 1994
Baltimore, MD July, 1994
Boston , MA November, 1994
7. Presenter: Thera-Lab, Inc. National training program for sales managers. Introduction to electrotherapeutics. Atlantic City, NJ, March 1993.
8. Presenter: Biofeedback in clinical practice. Pike Creek Sports Physical Therapy Clinic.
Wilmington, DE, May, 1992.

9. Presenter: Understanding Electrotherapeutics. A one-day workshop for physical therapists, occupational therapists and athletic trainers outlining theoretical and practical considerations for the application of electrotherapeutics. Sponsored by Sports Physical Therapists, Inc., Newark,
DE, April, 1992.
10. Co-presenter with L. Snyder-Mackler: Electrotherapy Update. A four part series updating practicing physical therapists on the recent advance in electrotherapeutics and biofeedback.
Sponsored by the Delaware Chapter of the APTA. Newark, DE, October- November 1991.
11. Presenter: Therakinetics, Inc. - Training program for sales managers and supervisors.
Introduction to electrotherapeutic. Mt Laurel, NJ, July, August and October 1991.
12. Presenter: JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute - Physical Therapy staff continuing education.
How to determine the appropriate stimulation parameters to use during neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Edison, NJ, March, 1991.
13. Presenter: A One-Day Biofeedback Workshop for Physical and Occupational Therapist. Traverse
City, Michigan, August, 1990.
14. Presenter: Johns Hopkins Physical Therapy Department inservice training. Electrotherapeutics:
Are currently used parameters the best? Baltimore, Maryland, October, 1989.
15. Presenter: Medical Center of Delaware Physical Therapy Department inservice training. Electrical
Stimulation of skeletal muscle: Are current parameters best? Newark, DE, 1988.
16. Presenter: New Hampshire Chapter of the APTA Annual Fall Meeting. A two-day workshop covering neuromuscular re-education using EMG biofeedback and a practical approach to low and high voltage electrotherapeutics. Sponsor: New Hampshire Chapter APTA, November 1984.
17. Presenter: High Voltage Electrotherapeutics. A two-day workshop covering the theoretical basis, current clinical research and practical considerations related to the clinical application of high voltage electrotherapeutics. Sponsor: Georgia Chapter APTA, April 1983.
18. Co-Presenter with S.L. Wolf: Biofeedback - Practical Applications in Physical Therapy. A threeday workshop. Sponsor: Mobile Area Physical Therapy Organization and the Department of
Physical Therapy, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, April 1983.
19. Presenter: An Electrotherapy Workshop: A practical approach. A one-day workshop. Sponsor:
Practical Advanced Continuing Education
Tampa , Florida , March 1983
New Orleans, Louisiana, January 1983

Federal Government Public Advisory Committees o Member – Neilsen Foundation – Research Grant Review Panel, March 2011. o Chair - NICHD/NIH – SEP - Program Project Grant (P01) review, August,2010 o Member - Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs
(CDMRP) Spinal Cord Injury Research Program (SCIRP) scientific review panel. January

2010. o Member - NCRR Division of Research Infrastructure – G20 Developing and Improving
Institutional Animal Resources – November, 2009. o Member - NCRR Division of Research Infrastructure – ARRA C06 applications July,
2009. o Chair - NICHD/NIH – SEP - ZHD1 RRG-K Program Project Grant (P01) review, 2009. o Member – NCRR/NIH ZRR1 CR-2 Loan Repayment Project review, 2009. o Member – NICHD/NIH ZHD1 DSR-K (LR) Loan Repayment Project review, 2009. o Chair - NICHD/NIH – SEP - Program Project Grant (P01) review, 2009. o Member - NCRR/NIH – SEP - Loan Repayment Program review, 2009. o Member - NICHD/NIH – SEP - R01 Review Committee, 2008. o Chair - NICHD/NIH – SEP - Program Project Grant (P01) review, 2008. o Member - NCRR/NIH – SEP - Loan Repayment Program review, 2008. o Chair - NSBRI, Physical Fitness Countermeasure Scientific Review Panel, 2007. o Member – Advisory Panel on Research, American Physical Therapy Association,
January 2007 to present. o Member, NICHD – SEP to review Rehabilitation Research Grant / K grant applications,
July, 2006. o Member, NICHD- SEP to review grant applications responding to the RFA-HD-02-109 -
NIH National Research Service Award Institutional Research Training (T32), November,
2005. o Member, MRS study section, NIH, June 2005. o Member, NICHD SEP - Medical Rehabilitation Research Infrastructure – NIH, April, 2005. o Member, NCRR Scientific and Technical Review Board on Biomedical and Behavioral
Research Facilities – C06 Applications, NIH, February, 2005. o Member, NCRR Special Emphasis Panel - Exploratory Centers for Interdisciplinary
Research (01), NIH, July, 2004. o Member, CSR Special Emphasis Panel - Genetic Basis of Recovery and Rehabilitation.
NIH, NCMRR, March, 2004. o Member, National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) Board of Scientific
Counselors, June 2003 to present. o Chair, NASA, Musculoskeletal Biology, Exercise, and Countermeasures Scientific Review
Panel, November, 2003.

o Member, CSR Special Emphasis Panel – SMB (50) Molecular Basis for Contractures
NIH, March, 2003. o Member, NASA, Musculoskeletal Biology, Exercise, and Countermeasures Scientific
Review Panel, April, 2002. o Member, Geriatric and Rehabilitation Medicine Study Section, NIH, June, 1995 - 2000. o Member, National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Peer Review Panel on Muscle
Alterations and Atrophy, August, 2000. o Chair, Geriatric and Rehabilitation Medicine, Special Study Section, NIH, December,
1999. o Chair, CSR, Special Emphasis Panel, NIH, July, 1999. o Reviewer, Developmental Neuroscience Program, National Science Foundation,
September, 1997. o Member, CSR, Special Emphasis Panel, NIH, July, 1996; May 1998; July 1998, February
2000. o Member, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Special Review
Committee, NIH, December, 1995; July 1998.

Editorial Board Memberships o Editorial Board Member
 Physical Therapy , Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association, 1994 -
2000.
 Biofeedback and Self-Regulation , Journal of the Association for Applied
Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 1992 -1997. o Associate Editor
 IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering , 2003 to
2007. o Guest Editor
 Physical Therapy , Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association,
Special Series on Skeletal Muscle. Published December, 1993 (Part I) and
January, 1994 (Part II). o Reviewer
 Journal of Computational Neuroscience
 IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems & Rehabilation Engineering
 Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
 European Journal of Applied Physiology

 Journal of Gerontology
 Journal of Neurophysiology, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005
 Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 1993
 Physical Therapy , Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association, 1981 -
1994, 2000-present
 Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy , 1991-present.
 Journal of Applied Physiology , 1991, 1996-present.
 Neuroscience Letters , 1991-1992
 Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
 Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 1994, 1998-present
 Muscle & Nerve , 1993, 1994, 1999-present

Consultant University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill. External consultant to conduct a five-year strategic review of the Division of Physical Therapy, November 2010.

Chair University of Delaware Search Committee for the Director of the School of Nursing. July
2010-present

Member University of Delaware Search Committee for the Development Officer for the College of
Health Sciences. January 2010- January 2011.

Member University of Delaware, College of Health Sciences Search Committee for the UNIDEL
Chair of Health Science, January 2010- present.

Member University of Delaware, Chairs Advisory Group. September 2009 - present.

Chair Israeli Council for Higher Education, Review of the proposed new BPT program by Ono
Academic College.

Member University of Delaware, Middle States Professional Education Working Group, June
2009 – present.

Member CTSA Educational Subcommittee (PI of K12 program) October 2008 – present

Member Academic Administrators Special Interest Group of the Section on Education of the
APTA, Exploratory Committee to form a new organization to represent academic physical therapy programs.

Consultant University of Miami. External consultant to review the PhD in Physical Therapy
Program. September, 2008.

Consultant Medical University of South Carolina, External consultant to review research program within Physical Therapy Program. February, 2008.


Consultant University of Alabama – Birmingham. External consultant to review research program within Physical Therapy Department. April, 2007.

Consultant Ohio Board of Regents external consultant to review of the Walsh University's (
Canton, Ohio) request for authorization of a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree program.
December, 2005

Chair Israeli Council for Higher Education, Quality Assurance Review Team for programs in
Physical Therapy. September 2005 – present.

Consultant Ohio Board of Regents external consultant to review of the College of Mount St.
Joseph's ( Cincinnati, Ohio) request for authorization of a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree program. 2004

Member University of Delaware, Human Subjects Review Board - February 2000 - Present.

Member Awards Committee, Section on Research of the APTA, February 2004 – Present

Chair External Site Reviewer - Academic Program Review - Department of Physical Therapy,
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, February 2004.

Member Site Reviewer - Proposal for creation of a PhD in Rehabilitation and Movement Science,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia, January, 2004.

Chair University of Delaware IACUC review committee, April 2003.

Member External Advisory Committee, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida,
2002 - Present.

Member Faculty Advisory Board - Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware,
1997 - Present.

Member Finance Committee - Section on Research of the APTA, June 2001 – February 2004.

Chair Faculty Search Committee - Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware,
Spring 1998.

Member Foundation for Physical Therapy Scientific Review Committee. January 1998 -
December 2001.

Chair Research Retreat - Neuroplasticity: Interface of Basic and Applied Sciences in Clinical
Practice. Sponsored by the Research Section of the American Physical Therapy Association.
Newport, RI, August 15-20, 1998.

Chair Finance Committee - Section on Research of the APTA, June 1997 - June 2001.

Chair Academic Program Review of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of
Engineering, University of Delaware, 1997

Member Search Committee - Associate Provost for Graduate Studies - University of Delaware,
1996
 Consultant Consultations with individual researchers at the APTA ‘96: Scientific Meeting and
Exposition. Service Sponsored by the Research, Analysis, and Development Division of the

APTA. Minneapolis, MN, June, 1996.

Member Promotion and Tenure Committee - Department of Medical Technology - University of
Delaware, 1995, 1996

Chair Finance Committee for a Research Retreat - Multisegmental Motor Control - Sponsored by the Research Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. New Hampton, NH, August
13-18, 1995.

Reviewer APTA Postdoctoral Fellowship Application Reviewer – 1995
 Member Dean’s Planning Advisory Committee, College of Arts and Sciences, University of
Delaware, 1994-1996

Member College Faculty Senate, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, 1993-
1995.

Reviewer Research abstract reviewer for the World Congress of Physical Therapy, Washington,
DC, June, 1995.

Member Group to revise the American Physical Therapy Association research document "Goals and Objectives for Development of Theory in Physical Therapy." October, 1994.

Member Group to revise the American Physical Therapy Association research document
"Guidelines for Determining Priorities in Clinical Research." December, 1994.

Chair Research Retreat - Muscle Function in Normal and Pathological States. Sponsored by the
Research Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. New Hampton, NH, August 19-
24, 1994.

Consultant Consultations with individual researchers at the Joint Congress of the American and
Canadian Physical Therapy Associations. Sponsored by the research divisions of the respective associations. Toronto, Canada, June, 1994.

Member Research Summit to develop a research agenda for the American Physical Therapy
Association. Organized by the Research, Analysis, and Development Division of the APTA.
Alexandria, VA, December, 1993.

Chair Promotion and Tenure Committee, Department of Physical Therapy, University of
Delaware, 1993, 1994

Treasurer Section on Research of the American Physical Therapy Association, July,1993 - June
1997.

Member Publicity Committee, Research Section of the American Physical Therapy Association,
1991 - 1993.

Chairman Nominating Committee, Research Section of the American Physical Therapy
Association, 1988 - 1991.

Chairman Programming Committee, 1991 Research Retreat - Muscle Function in Normal and
Pathological States. Sponsored by the Research Section of the American Physical Therapy
Association, August 1991.


Member Coordinating Committee - Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of
Delaware, 1989 - present.

Member Undergraduate Programs Committee, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of
Delaware, 1988 - 1989.

Member Four Program in Physical Therapy faculty search committees. University of Delaware,
1989 - 1991.

Treasurer MCV Physiology Department's Graduate Student Association - 1986-1987

Member MCV Forbes Day Honor Committee – 1987

Member MCV Graduate Student Research Symposium Committee – 1986

Member Three Physiology Department Faculty Promotion and Tenure Committees. Medical
College of Virginia - 1985-1986

Chair Committee on Advertising - for a workshop entitled "Comprehensive and Total
Management of the Rehabilitation Patient" sponsored by the Georgia Chapter of the APTA. 1982

Treasurer Research Section of the APTA, 1980-1981.

Member Task force on clinical research, Georgia Chapter of the APTA, 1982

Member Emory University Allied Health Affirmative Action Committee.
Guest Lecturer

PHYT 622 Thermal Agents and Soft Tissue

PHYT 623 Clinical Neuroscience

PHYT 634 Electrotherapy

PHYT 633 Applied Physiology II