Name_________________________________________ Date____________________ Period_______
Study guide for Unit 5- Human Biology
Chapter 1 Bones, Muscles, and Skin p.4
Homeostasis- The process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment.
Nucleus- This structure directs the activities of a cell.
Nervous tissue- carries messages back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body.
Skeletal system- makes blood cells.
Skeletal muscles work together- while one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
Chapter 2- Food and Digestion p.42
Villi- are structures that enable the small intestine to absorb large amount of nutrients.
Large intestines- water is absorbed only
Chapter 3- Circulation p.76
Functions of the cardiovascular system- transporting white blood cells, carrying needed
materials to cell, and removing waste products
Capillaries- are vessels where materials are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.
Red blood cells- is a component of blood that carries oxygen to the body cell.
Chapter 4- Respiration and Excretion p.110
Carbon dioxide and water- are substances that are produced during respiration.
Main functions of excretory system- collect and remove wastes from the body.
Urinary bladder- stores urine until the body is ready to eliminate it.
Excretion- removal of the body’s wastes.
Chapter 6- Nervous system p. 174
Response- The action (response) of you closing a window because you notice that rain is falling.
Short Answer Responses
Joints- Movable-knee, neck vertebrae, and shoulder. Immovable- skull.
Which provides the greatest range of motion? Shoulder joints
Three Type of Muscle Tissue- (Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal)- Know how each looks.
Voluntary- skeletal. Involuntary- cardiac and smooth.
Blood- the 4 components of blood. White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets and plasma.
Digestive system functions- break down food, absorb nutrients and eliminate wastes.
Bones that protect organs and name those organs. Cranium protects brain. Ribs protect heart
and lungs. Vertebral column protects spinal cord.
Biceps and triceps- to bend arm- biceps contracts while triceps relaxes. To straighten arm
triceps contract while biceps relaxes.
Essays
List and describe the four levels of organization of the human body
Cells- basic unit of structure and function of living things.
Tissues- group of cells that perform the same function.
Organs- group of tissues that perform a complex function.
Organs systems- group of organs that perform a major function.
Compare and contrast the functions of the excretory system and respiratory system
Both systems remove wastes. Respiratory system removes carbon dioxide and some water
through the lungs. The excretory system removes urea, excess water and other materials
through the kidneys.