Unit 3 Earth Study Guide – ESPS
NAME: ___________________________________________ PERIOD:_____________ DATE: ___________
1. The portion of the mantle that is just below the Lithosphere is called the what?
2. Why do S-waves not travel through the outer core?
3. What causes magma inside a volcano to rise?
4. What type of plate boundary occurs at mid ocean ridges?
5. What is the area inside a volcano where magma collects called?
6. What land feature forms when continental plates collide?
7. What are the 2 types of crust?
8. The amount of energy released by an earthquake is measured by what scale?
9. An S-wave is like a _________________ wave because the energy moves in a direction perpendicular to
the direction that the wave moves.
10. Stress in the Earth’s crust is caused by what?
11. What land feature forms when2 oceanic plates collide?
12. The youngest rock layers are at the _________________ of a rock formation.
13. ______________________ volcanos are produced by the explosive eruptions of alternating layers of ash
and lava.
14. The __________________________ is made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
15. Plates slide pat one another at what type of plate boundary?
16. Why do scientists know the outer core is liquid?
17. What process causes the plates to move?
18. List the 3 layers of the Earth’s interior from coolest to hottest.
19. A steep sided volcano formed entirely of ash and cinders is called what type of volcano?
20. A break in a rock mass along which movement occurs is called a ______________________.
21. What does the Continental Drift Hypothesis say? Who developed this hypothesis?
22. Where is new crust forming?
23. What is the source of heat that sets the plates in motion?
24. What are the currents within the asthenosphere called?
25. How many seismographs are required to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter?
26. ________________________ waves cause the Earth to vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction that
the wave is moving.
27. A _____________________________ plate sinks into the mantle forming a trench.
28. Where is the epicenter of an earthquake?
29. The Hawaiian Islands are examples of this type of volcanic activity.
30. 75% of the Earth’s active volcanos are located in an area known as the
_________________________________________.
31. The Earth’s core is composed of mainly _____________________ & ______________________.
32. The core can reach temperatures above 5000 oC. What cause these extreme temperatures?
33. Describe the difference between a P-wave and an S-Wave.
34. Why does the magnitude scale alone not dictate how sever the damage from an earthquake will be?
35. List and compare the 3 types of volcanos.
Label the following diagrams
Unit 3 Earth Study Guide – ESPS
KEY
NAME: ___________________________________________ PERIOD:_____________ DATE: ___________
1. The portion of the mantle that is just below the Lithosphere is called the what?
ATHENSOSPHERE
2. Why do S-waves not travel through the outer core?
OUTER CORE – LIQUID……. S WAVES WON’T TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUID
3. What causes magma inside a volcano to rise?
IT’S LESS DENSE THAN THE SURROUNDING ROCK
4. What type of plate boundary occurs at mid ocean ridges?
DIVERGING PLATE BOUNDARIES – RIFT VALLEY
5. What is the area inside a volcano where magma collects called?
MAGMA CHAMBER
6. What land feature forms when continental plates collide?
MOUNTIAN RANGES - HIMALAYAS
7. What are the 2 types of crust?
OCEANIC & CONTINTENTIAL
8. The amount of energy released by an earthquake is measured by what scale?
RITCHER SCALE
9. An S-wave is like a _____________________ wave because the energy moves in a direction
perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves.
TRANSVERSE
10. Stress in the Earth’s crust is caused by what?
PLATES RUBBING AGAINST ONE ANOTHER
11. What land feature forms when 2 oceanic plates collide?
VOLCANIC ISLAND ARC - VOLCANOS
12. The youngest rock layers are at the _________________ of a rock formation.
TOP
13. ______________________ volcanos are produced by the explosive eruptions of alternating layers of ash
and lava.
COMPOSITE
14. The __________________________ is made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
LITHOSPHERE
15. Plates slide pat one another at what type of plate boundary?
TRANSFORM FAULT
16. Why do scientists know the outer core is liquid?
S WAVES WILL NOT TRAVEL THROUGH IT – PATTERNS CHANGE/DEFLECTED
17. What process causes the plates to move?
CONVECTION CURRENTS
18. List the 3 layers of the Earth’s interior from coolest to hottest.
CRUST – MANTLE - CORE
19. A steep sided volcano formed entirely of ash and cinders is called what type of volcano?
CINDER CONE
20. A break in a rock mass along which movement occurs is called a ______________________.
FAULT
21. What does the Continental Drift Hypothesis say? Who developed this hypothesis?
ALL CONTINENTS USED TO BE TOGETHER (PANGEA) – DRIFTED TO PRESENT
POSITIONS. ALFRED WEGENER
22. Where is new crust forming?
MID OCEAN RIDGES
23. What is the source of heat that sets the plates in motion?
RADIOACTIVE DECAY
24. What are the currents within the asthenosphere called?
CONVECTION CURRENTS
25. How many seismographs are required to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter?
3
26. ________________________ waves cause the Earth to vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction that
the wave is moving.
LONGITUDINAL - PRIMARY
27. A _____________________________ plate sinks into the mantle forming a trench.
SUBDUCTING
28. Where is the epicenter of an earthquake?
POINT ON EARTH’S SURFACE DIRECTLY ABOVE FOCUS POINT (WHERE EQ
ORGINATED)
29. The Hawaiian Islands are examples of this type of volcanic activity.
MANTLE PLUMES
30. 75% of the Earth’s active volcanos are located in an area known as the
_________________________________________.
RING OF FIRE
31. The Earth’s core is composed of mainly _____________________ & ______________________.
NICKEL & IRON
32. The core can reach temperatures above 5000 oC. What cause these extreme temperatures?
RADIOACTIVITY
33. Describe the difference between a P-wave and a S-Wave.
P WAVE IS A LONGINTUDINAL WAVE IN WHICH THE ENERGY TRAVELS PARALLEL
TO THE PARTICALS – COMPRESSES & EXTENDS AS IT TRAVELS
S WAVE IS A TRASNVERSE WAVE IN WHICH THE ENERGY TRAVELS
PERPENDICULAR TO THE PARTICLES – THINK OF “THE WAVE” DONE IN ARENAS
34. Why does the magnitude scale alone not dictate how sever the damage from an earthquake will be?
MANY FACTORS, SUCH AS DISTANCE FROM THE FOCUS, LOCAL POPULATION, &
LOCAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES , AFFECT HOW MUCH DAMAGE AN
EARTHQUAKE WILL CAUSE.
35. List and compare the 3 types of volcanos.
 SHIELD VOLCANOS HAVE MILD ERUPTIONS
i. SHIELD VOLCANOS ARE SOME OF THE LARGEST VOLCANOS
 COMPOSITE VOLCANOS HAVE TRAPPED GAS
ii. COMPOSITE VOLCANOS ARE MADE OF ALTERNATING LAYERS OF ASH,
CINDER, & LAVA.
iii. COMPOSITE VOLCANOS ARE USUALLY VERY STEEP.
 CINDER CONES ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT VOLCANOS.
iv. CINDER CNES ARE THE SMALLEST & MOST ABUNDANT VOLCANOS.
Label the following diagrams
TECTONIC PLATES:
1. EURASIAN PLATE
2. SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE
3. AFRICAN PLATE
4. NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
5. PACIFIC PLATE
6. AUSTRALIAN - INDIAN PLATE
7. JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
8. NAZCA PLATE
9. CARIBBEAN PLATE
10. ARABIAN PLATE
11. PHILLIPPINE PLATE
12. COCOS PLATE
13. ANTARCTICA PLATE