MLA Works Cited & APA References
Indent second and following lines
Book (MLA & APA)
Cornish, Edward. Futuring: The Exploration of the Future. Bethesda: World Future Society, 2004.
Print.
Cornish, E. (2004). Futuring: The exploration of the future. Bethesda, Maryland: World Future
Society.
APA Basic Format for Books

Last name, First Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. (Edition) [if other than the 1st]. Place:
Publisher.Online
Magazine article from Electronic Database
Meacham, Jon. “The Editor’s Desk.” Newsweek 2008. ProQuest. Web. 9 Dec. 2008.
Meacham, J. (2008). The editor's desk. Newsweek, 152(24), Retrieved
December 9, 2008 from ProQuest database.
APA Basic Format for an Online Database Article

Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine/Journal/
Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers. Retrieved from URL
of database homepage
APA Specific Example of an Online Database Article

Douthat, R. (2006, January/February). Peace on earth. The Atlantic Monthly, 297(1), 50.
Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com
Movie/Film
Casablanca. Dir. Michael Cutiz. Perf. Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Warner Brothers, 1942. Film.
Curtiz, M. (Director). (1942). Casablanca [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Brothers.
APA Basic Format for a Movie/Film

Producer’s Last Name, First Initial (Producer), & Director’s Last Name, First Initial
(Director). (Year). Movie title [Motion picture]. Country of Origin: Name of Movie Studio.
Encyclopedia Article
Stubben, Jerry. "Native Americans and Government Policy." Social Issues in
America: An Encyclopedia . 5. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. Print.
(Stubben 1190-1203)
Stubben, J. (2006). Native Americans and government policy. In J. Ciment (Ed.) Social issues in
America: An encyclopedia (Vol. 5, 1190-1203). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Author, A. (Date). Name of Article. [In] A. Editor (Ed.), Name of Encyclopedia (Edition, Volume, Page Numbers). Place
Published: Publisher.
Reprint Source
Gibb, Blair. “The Human Rights Are Not Necessarily Universal.” Human Rights: Opposing Viewpoints.
Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. Opposing Viewpoints Ser. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2003. 26-31. Rpt.
of Whole Earth. 1999.
Gibb, B. (2003). The human rights are not necessarily universal. In L.K. Egendorf (Ed.), Human
rights: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 26-31). San Diego: Greenhaven. (Rerpinted from Whole
Earth, Summer 1999).

Essay Author’s Last name, First Initial. (Year of Book). Essay title. In Editor’s First Initial
Last Name (Ed.),Book title (pp. #-#). Place: Publisher. (Reprinted from Name of
Journal, (Year or date, Volume #, pages as #-#)
Printed Interview
Papp, Joseph. Interview. Long Island News 21 Aug. 1989: C3-4. Print.
Papp, J. (1989, August 21). Joseph Papp on the New York theatre. Long Island News,
C3-4.
Article in a Book
Greenfield, Stanley B., Arthur C. Boyle, and David Douglas. “Gifstol and Goldhoard in Beowolf.” Old
English Studies in Honour of John C. Pope. Ed. Kerin Sweeney. Toronto: University of Toronto
Press, 1974. 107-117. Print.
Greenfeld, S.B., Boyle, A.C., & Douglas, D. (1974). Gifstol and Goldhoard in Beowolf. In K. Sweeney
(Ed.), Old English studies in honour of John C. Pope (107-117). Toronto: University of Toronto
Press.
Magazine Article from Electronic Database
McGrath, Anne. “A New Read on Teen’s Literacy.” U.S. News & World Report 28 Feb. 2005: 68-70.
Academic Search Premiere. Web. 27 Oct. 2009.
McGrath, A. (2005, February 28). A new read on teen’s literacy. U.S. News & World
Report, 68-70.Retrieved from http://find.academicsearch.com
Personal Interview
Black, Clint. Personal interview. 1 Oct. 1999.
(C. Black, Personal communitcation, October 1, 1999).
APA: An interview is not considered recoverable data, so no reference to this is provided in the reference list. You may, however, cite
the interview within the text as a personal communication.
 List the interview reference directly after the quote, in the body of the work. Use the first and middle initials and
surname and date of the interview. You do not need to specify the type of personal communication.
 Follow this example: "Doe recently stated that the sky will fall in 50 years." (J. Doe, personal communication, July
1, 2008)
 Do not include interview citations within bibliographies or reference lists unless they are printed.
Online Newspaper Article
Hooper, Ibrahim. “Another View: We Repudiate Terrorism. USA Today.11 July 2007.
Web. 4 Dec. 2008.
Hooper, I. (2007, July 11). Another view: We repudiate terrorism. USA Today. Retrieved
from http://blogs.usatoday.com
Journal Article
Greiner, Markus, et al. “Quantum Phase Transition from a Superfluid to a Mott
Insulator.” Nature 415. 6867 (2002): 39-44.
Greiner, M. Mandel, O. Esslinger, T. Hanson, T. W. & Bloch, I. (2002, January 3).
Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator.” Nature 415, 3944.
Email Message
Limouze, Henry. “Re: Bach’s Improvisations.” Message to the author. 29 Aug. 2008. Email.
E-mails are not included in the list of references, though you parenthetically cite them in your main
text: (H. Limouze, personal communication, August 29, 2008).
Website
Children’s Alliance. Children’s Alliance. Web. 27 Oct. 2011.
Children’s alliance: Child obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2011, from
http://www.childrenalliance.org/dhildfacts/childhood-obesity.cfm.
Magazine Article from Electronic Database
Brandon, James R. “Kabuki and Shakespeare: Balancing Yin and Yang. TDR 43.2 (1999). Web. 11
Dec. 2008.
Brandon, J.R. (1999). Kabuki and Shakespeare: Balancing yin and yang. TDR 43 (2).
APA states that including database information in citations is not necessary because databases
change over time
Television Program
Wolf. CBS. WNTR, New York. 13 Sept. 1989. Television.
(1989, September 13). Wolf. [Television broadcast]. New York, NY: Central Broadcasting
Service.
APA Television Broadcast
Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour [Television
broadcast]. New York, NY: Central Broadcasting Service.
Newswire/newspaper website
Robinson, B.A. “Cremation vs. Burial: Jewish and Christian Beliefs.” Religious Tolerance. 5 Aug. 2007.
Web. 2 Dec. 2008.
Robinson, B. A. (2007, August 5). Cremation vs. burial: Jewish and Christian beliefs. Religious
Tolerance. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/crematio.htm.
Book
Burgess, Robert. Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications, 2005.
Burgess, R. (2005). Evolutionary perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
Response to a Survey
Trevor, Tori. “Survey on Necessity of Gun Control.” Survey. 26 Jan. 2008. (print survey)
Trevor, Tori. “Survey on Necessity of Gun Control.” Survey. Name of web site. Publisher of web site, 26
Jan. 2008. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. (online survey)
Dana, E. (2007). Survey on necessity of gun control.
Trevor, T. (2008, January 26). [Survey of Earl Dana]. Survey on necessity of gun control.
Unpublished, unrecoverable personal communications are not included in the reference list because they do not provide
recoverable data. Cite in text only.