APA Citations
Beware of the person who can't be
bothered by details.
William Feather
Publisher & Author
APA Citation Examples
• Journal Article
• Book
• Book Chapter
• Dissertation
• Nonperiodical Web Document
• All Others…
Journal Article
• General Form
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of
article. Title of Journal, volume #, nn-nn.
• Example
Wright, S. P., Horn, L. J., & Sanders, W. L.
(1997). Teachers and classrooms context effects
on student achievement: Implications for
teacher evaluation. Journal of Personnel
Evaluation in Education, 11, 57-67.
Journal Article: Details
Journal Article: Example 1
Gerend, M. A. (2009). Does calorie information
promote lower calorie fast food choices among
college students? Journal of Adolescent
Health, 44, 84-86.
Journal Article: Example 2
Miley, W. M., & Gonsalves, S. (2003). What you
don’t know can hurt you: Students’
perceptions of professors’ annoying teaching
habits. College Student Journal, 37, 447-455.
Book
• General Form
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of book. City,
ST: Publisher.
• Example
Raths, L. E., Wassermann, S., Jonas, A., & Rothstein, A.
(1986). Teaching for thinking: Theory, strategies,
and activities for the classroom. (2nd ed.). New York:
Teachers College, Columbia University.
Book Chapter
• General Form
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of chapter. In
A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book
(p. # or pp. #-#). City, ST: Publisher.
• Example
Stallings, J. (1977). How instructional processes relate
to child outcomes. In G. D. Borich, & K. S. Fenton
(Eds.), The appraisal of teaching: Concepts and
process (pp. 104-113). Reading, MA: Wiley & Sons.
Dissertation
• General Form
Author, A. A. (year). Title of dissertation. Retrieved from
Name of Database. (AAT #)
• Example
Biswas, S. (2008). Dopamine D3 receptor: A
neuroprotective treatment target in Parkinson's
disease. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
(AAT 3295214)
ERIC Document
• General Form
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of article. City,
ST: Institutional (ERIC Document Reproduction
Service No. ED ### ###).
• Example
Kerker, R. M., & Clements, R. O. (1981). Reducing and
combining classroom observation categories into
behavioral profiles. Austin, TX: Research and
Development Center for Teacher Education. (ERIC
Document Reproduction Service No. ED 230 492).
Nonperiodical Web Document
• General Form
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title
of document. Retrieved from http://web address
• Example
Angeli, E., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format.
Retrieved from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
If there is no date of publication, use (n.d.) for no date.
All Others…
• When in doubt, search Google for:
APA 6th Edition [type of publication]
• See also:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
My Deviations from Strict APA
Paivio, A. (1975). Perceptual comparisons
through the mind's eye. Memory & Cognition,
3, 635-647. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Hamfi, A. G. (1981). The funny nature of dogs. EJournal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48.
Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/fdo
Do not include the directory or data
source for your articles as shown above.
Other Issues
• Don’t copy other people’s citations, even
the original author—they’re often wrong.
• Spell out completely the name of journals.
• Don’t use online formatting sites—I’ve
never found one that is 100% correct.
• When to use the issue number (see
example 2 on previous slide)
• Never pay for a research article.
Research Question Development
Do this for three articles related to one of
your research question.
Research Question Development