OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities in 2012 Name of disease (or topic) for which you are a designated OIE Reference Laboratory: Rabies Address of laboratory OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies Poxvirus and Rabies Branch Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mail Stop G33 Atlanta, GA 30 333, USA Tel.: 001-404-639-1050 Fax: 001-404-639-1564 e-mail address: rpf5@cdc.gov website: http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/ Name (including Title) of Head of Laboratory (Responsible Official): Damon Inger, MD, PhD Branch chief, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch Name (including Title and Position) of OIE Reference Expert: Richard Franka, DVM, PhD Acting rabies team lead Date of submission to the OIE 01/25/2013 Instructions This form should be used by an OIE Reference Laboratory to report activities that took place from January through December of the past year (2012), unless otherwise stated, and must be submitted by the end of January every year. Only those activities that concern the disease (or topic) for which the laboratory is recognised by the OIE should be mentioned. The questionnaire structure follows the Terms of Reference (ToRs) for OIE Reference Laboratories, available at: http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/introduction/ Each ToR (blue italicised text) has been placed as a heading covering the group of questions related to it. Please note the red italicised text is given as guidance and should be deleted from your report and substitute with your data. Examples are based on past Annual Reports or have been invented. The questionnaire represents a means of gathering information on activities carried out by OIE Reference Laboratories and making it available to OIE Member Countries and to the OIE Reference Laboratory network. Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 1 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » This annual report will remain available for consultation on the OIE web site: (http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/annual-reports/): ToR: To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards Test recommended by the OIE Total number of test performed last year Indirect diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) 3524 1161 Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) on MSD 468 0 Direct diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally DFA (FAT) 687 849 Antigenic typing with Mabs 359 70 RT-PCR 204 36 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 22 0 Direct rapid immunohistochemistry test (DRIT) 300 15 Mouse inoculation test (MIT) 52 0 Cell culture isolation 379 10 ToR: To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement and promote the application of OIE Standards. To store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or disease. 2. Did your laboratory produce or store imported standard reference reagents officially recognised by the OIE or other international bodies? Yes 3. No Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagents to OIE Member Countries? Yes 4. No Did your laboratory produce diagnostic reagents other than the OIE-approved standard reference reagents? Yes 5. No Did your laboratory produce vaccines? Yes 6. Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries? Yes 2 No No Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » ToR: To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases 7. Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease? Yes 8. No Did your laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease? Yes No Name of the new test or diagnostic method or vaccine developed Description and References (Publication, website, etc.) Lembo T, Niezgoda M, Velasco-Villa A, Cleaveland S, Ernest E, Rupprecht CE. (2006). Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 12(2):310-3. Direct Rapid Immunohistochemistry test (DRIT) Dürr S, Naïssengar S, Mindekem R, Diguimbye C, Niezgoda M, Kuzmin I, Rupprecht CE, Zinsstag J. (2008) Rabies diagnosis for developing countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2(3):e206. ToR: To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries 9. Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries? Yes No Name of OIE Member Country seeking assistance Date (dd/mm) No. samples received for provision of diagnostic support (i.e. from surveillance campaign) No. samples received for provision of confirmatory diagnoses DRC 2012 0 7 Dominican Republic 2012 0 19 Trinidad and Tobago 2012 5 35 Thailand 2012 48 0 Nigeria 2012 735 0 10. Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE Member Country? Yes No Name of the OIE Member Country receiving a technical consultancy Purpose How the advice was provided University of Texas, USA Development of a ferret model for rabies treatment On site Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Kazakhstan Development of the project for the evaluation of the efficacy of rabies oral immunization of wild remote assistance Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 3 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » animals in natural Guatemala Assistance with the evaluation of rabies vaccination in cattle, telemetry studies focused on ecology of bats as a reservoir of rabies and their interactions with humans On site Haiti Evaluation of canine vaccination program, development of national recommendations for rabies control and prevention, evaluation of their surveillance system for animal bites, laboratory training on site and remote assistance Uganda Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity, training in DRIT and DFA On site Philippines Community survey focused on individual’s “willingness to pay” for rabies vaccination and dog registration On site Kenya Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA On site Congo (DRC) Conducting knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey focused on animal bite injuries and their prevention, enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity On site Canada Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity, training in DRIT and DFA Remote assistance Chad Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity, training in DRIT and DFA Remote assistance Brazil, Bolivia Provided reagents for monoclonal antigenic typing Remote assistance Brazil, France Provided CVS Remote assistance Tanzania, Chad, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Phillipines, haiti, Trinidad, Canada, Provided reagents for DRIT Remote assistance India Developed OIE twinning project for 2013-2015 Remote assistance ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories, centres or organisations 11. Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member Countries other than the own? Yes No Partners (Institutions) OIE Member Countries involved other than your country Evaluate efficacy of rabies vaccine and logistics of their use Guatemala Guatemala Community survey focused on individual’s “willingness to pay” for rabies vaccination and dog GARC Philippines Title of the study Duration Purpose of the study Monitoring of serological response to rabies vaccination in cattle 1 year Philippines 2 year 4 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » registration ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to the designated pathogens or diseases 12. Did your Laboratory collect epizootiological data relevant to international disease control? Yes 13. Did your laboratory disseminate epizootiological data that had been processed and analysed? Yes 14. No No What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory? (Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category) a) Articles published in peer-reviewed journals: ................. 9 b) International conferences: .............................................. 4 c) National conferences: ...................................................... 4 d) Other: ............................................................................... internet 1: Blanton JD, Dyer J, McBrayer J, Rupprecht CE. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2011. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012 Sep 15;241(6):712-22. doi: 10.2460/javma.241.6.712. PubMed PMID: 22947154. 2: Ellison JA, Johnson SR, Kuzmina N, Gilbert A, Carson WC, Vercauteren KC, Rupprecht CE. Multidisciplinary approach to epizootiology and pathogenesis of bat rabies viruses in the United States. Zoonoses Public Health. 2013 Feb;60(1):46-57. doi: 10.1111/zph.12019. Epub 2012 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 23137052. 3: Kuzmin IV, Shi M, Orciari LA, Yager PA, Velasco-Villa A, Kuzmina NA, Streicker DG, Bergman DL, Rupprecht CE. Molecular inferences suggest multiple host shifts of rabies viruses from bats to mesocarnivores in Arizona during 2001-2009. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(6):e1002786. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002786. Epub 2012 Jun 21. PubMed PMID: 22737076; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3380930. 4: Lankau EW, Montgomery JM, Tack DM, Obonyo M, Kadivane S, Blanton JD, Arvelo W, Jentes ES, Cohen NJ, Brunette GW, Marano N, Rupprecht CE. Exposure of US travelers to rabid zebra, Kenya, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;18(7):1202-4. doi: 10.3201/eid1807.120081. PubMed PMID: 22709948; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3376810. 5: Streicker DG, Recuenco S, Valderrama W, Gomez Benavides J, Vargas I, Pacheco V, Condori Condori RE, Montgomery J, Rupprecht CE, Rohani P, Altizer S. Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of rabies exposure in vampire bats: implications for transmission and control. Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Sep 7;279(1742):3384-92. Epub 2012 Jun 13. PubMed PMID: 22696521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3396893. 6: Streicker DG, Lemey P, Velasco-Villa A, Rupprecht CE. Rates of viral evolution are linked to host geography in bat rabies. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(5):e1002720. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002720. Epub 2012 May 17. PubMed PMID: 22615575; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3355098. 7: Patyk K, Turmelle A, Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE. Trends in national surveillance data for Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 5 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » bat rabies in the United States: 2001-2009. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Aug;12(8):66673. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0839. Epub 2012 May 18. PubMed PMID: 22607069. 8: Petersen BW, Tack DM, Longenberger A, Simeone A, Moll ME, Deasy MP, Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE. Rabies in captive deer, Pennsylvania, USA, 2007-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jan;18(1):138-41. doi: 10.3201/eid1801.111189. PubMed PMID: 22260956; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3310121 9: Recuenco S, Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE. A spatial model to forecast raccoon rabies emergence. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Feb;12(2):126-37. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0053. Epub 2011 Oct 13. PubMed PMID: 21995266. ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards 15. Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE Member Countries? Yes No a) Technical visits: ................................................................ b) Seminars: ......................................................................... 3 c) Hands-on training courses: .............................................. 3 d) Internships (>1 month): ................................................... 2 Type of technical training provided (a, b, c or d) Country of origin of the expert(s) provided with training No. participants from the corresponding country b)c) Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA Kenya 1 b)c) Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA Haiti 10 b)c) Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA Uganda 6 d)Development of real-time PCR assay Mexico 2 d) laboratory diagnostic Nigeria 1 ToR: To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the pathogen and the disease concerned 16. 6 Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International Standard? Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » Yes No Quality management system adopted ISO 15189 17. Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body? Yes No Test for which your laboratory is accredited Accreditation body OIE reference laboratory WHO Collaborative Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies CLIA 18. Does your laboratory maintain a “biorisk management system” for the pathogen and the disease concerned? (See Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.3 or Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.1) Yes No ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE 19. Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE? Yes 20. No Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE? Yes Title of event Rabies International Meeting No Date (mm/yy) Location Role (speaker, presenting poster, short communications) Title of the work presented October 2012 San Paulo, Brazil Speaker Control strategies for rabies prevention ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results 21. Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease? Yes 22. No Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests? Yes Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 No 7 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » Purpose of the proficiency tests: (validation of a diagnostic protocol: specify the test; quality control of vaccines: specify the vaccine type, etc.) Role of your Reference Laboratory (organiser/ participant) No. participants RFFIT participant 1 23. Participating OIE Ref. Labs/ organising OIE Ref. Lab. OIE reference laboratory for rabies, France Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest? Yes No Name(s) of relevant OIE Reference Laboratories Title of the project or contact Scope Validation and standardization of DRIT Development of a new technique up to OIE standards All OIE ref labs for rabies ToR: To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of results. 24. Did your laboratory organise or participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease? Yes No Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons1 No. participating laboratories Participating OIE Member Countries DFA proficiency 100 USA DRIT 20 USA ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE 25. Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE? Yes 1 8 No Kind of consultancy Location Subject (facultative ) Provision of comments on OIE Standards USA Comments to Chapter on rabies See Interlaboratory test comparisons in: Laboratory Proficiency Testing at: www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/proficiency-testing see point 1.3 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America » _______________ Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 9