1 Supporting information 2 3 4 Table S1. Number of individual samples for each genus used in the study. Samples were collected from habitats within the Lizard Island lagoon, Queensland, Australia. Group Corals Chlorophyta Phaeophyta Genera Acropora Astreopora Coeloseris Coscinaraea Diploastrea Echinopora Favia Favites Galaxea Goniastrea Goniopora Halomitra Hydnophora Leptastrea Lobophyllia Merulina Montipora Pachyseris Pavona Pectinia Plerogyra Pocillopora Porites Seriatopora Stylophora Symphyllia Turbinaria Boodlea Caulerpa Chlorodesmis Cladophora Dictyosphaeria Halimeda Penicillus Udotea Valonia sp Ventricaria Dictyota Feldmannia Number of samples 30 3 2 2 5 5 12 5 6 15 6 1 3 2 5 2 5 3 3 2 2 10 24 6 13 4 6 9 13 16 1 2 23 3 3 1 4 14 2 1 Rhodophyta Hydroclathrus Lobophora Padina Sargassum Turbinaria Acanthophora Dasya Galaxaura Gracilaria Hypnea Jania Laurencia Red Encrusting Coralline Tolypiocladia Red filamentous 7 8 20 3 6 9 2 3 1 4 6 9 2 6 2 5 6 2 7 8 9 10 11 Supporting information Figure S1. Frequency of sampling effort over depth for corals (panel A) and macroalgae (panel B). 12 13 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Supporting information Figure S2. Relationship between RNA and RNA:DNA ratio in higher plant species. The line is of the Log RNA (µg g-1) = 1.926 + 1.131 x Log (RNA:DNA), R2 = 0.615, F1,11 = 17.5, P = 0.0015. Data are sourced from Reef et al. 2010 (bark); Monselisa et al. 1961 (leaves); Close and Beardle 2004 (leaves); Smillie and Krotkov 1960 (leaves and microalgae), Tal 1977 (leaves) and Kessler et al. 1958 (leaves). Close, D.C., Beadle, C.L. (2004) Total, and chemical fractions, of nitrogen and phosphorus in Eucalyptus seedling leaves: effects of species, nursery fertiliser management and transplanting. Plant and Soil 259, 85–95. Kessler, B., Swirski E., Tahori, A.S (1958) Effect of caffeine and other purines upon the ribonucleic acid ratio in leaves, and the suitability of these leaves for aphids. Nature 4823, 1595-1596. Monselise SP, A. Cohen & B. Kessler (1961) Changes in ribonucleic acid & deoxyribonucleic acid in developing orange leaves. Plant Physiology Reef, R., Ball, M.C., Feller, I.C., Lovelock, C.E. (2010) Relationship between RNA : DNA ratio, growth and elemental stoichiometry in mangrove trees. Functional Ecology 24, 1064–1072. Smillie, R., Krotkov, G. (1960) The estimation of nucleic acids in some algae and higher plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 38, 31–49. Tal, M. (1977) Physiology of polyploid plants: DNA, RNA, protein, and abscisic acid in autotetraploid and diploid tomato under low and high salinity. Botanical Gazette, 138, 119-122. 4 36 37 38 39 Supporting information Figure S3. The relationship between lipids in coral genera (mg cm-2) and C:P ratio. The line of best fit is of the form Y = 31.5 – 12.1 x log (C:P), R2 = 0.627, F1,5 = 8.41, P = 0.0338. Lipid concentrations were sourced from Leuzinger et al. (2003). 40 41 42 5 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Supporting information Figure S4. A. Variation in RNA:DNA ratio of macroalgal genera with genome size of species within the same genera (1C values). There was no significant relationship (P > 0.05). B. RNA:DNA of macroalgae adjusted for genome size (RNA:DNA/1C values) and plotted against RNA:DNA. The relationship was significant (R2 = 0.542, P<0.0001), indicating that variation in genome size cannot explain all the variation in RNA:DNA of macroalgae. Genome size was obtained from the Plant DNA C-values Database (release 6.0, December 2012, MD Bennett and IJ Leitch). Points are means for genera coloured to indicate phyla (Rhodophyta-red); Chlorophyta- green; Phaeophyta – yellow). 52 6