DNA and Protein Synthesis Study Guide
1.
Name
DNA is copied during a process called
2. After DNA replication the two DNA molecules have how many old and how many new strands?
3. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
4. In eukaryotes, where is DNA located?
5. RNA contains the sugar
6. Unlike DNA, RNA contains which base
7. How many main types of RNA are there?
8. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
9. If a DNA strand has the sequence AATGGACTCTCTGGA, how many Uracil nucleotides will be present
in the complimentary mRNA strand?
10. Genes contain instructions for assembling
11. A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)
12. The process of making mRNA from a DNA template is called
13. Mutations in DNA can result in cells reproducing rapidly, causing the disease
14. Label the following as true or false
a.
have the same bases in their genetic code
b. differ in the bases found in their genetic codes
c.
contain the exact same proteins
d. have a nucleus that contains DNA
Figure 1
15. In Figure 1, Which diagram shows cancer cells?
16. What are the parts would in a DNA nucleotide?
17. What was the purpose of the human genome project?
18. How many genes do humans roughly have?
Figure 2
19. The structure labeled X in Figure 2 is a
20. Watson and Crick created the
model of DNA.
21. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made up of alternating deoxyribose sugar and
22-26 Use the Figure 3 below to answer the questions
Figure 3
22. What codons specify the amino acid lysine?
23. What three codons cause translation to stop?
24. The start codon is also the amino acid methionine. What is the sequence for the start codon?
25. The codons for the amino acid glutamine is?
26. The DNA sequence ATATGC would code for which amino acids?
groups
Figure 4
27. According to Figure 4, “A” and “B” represent two complementary strands of
28. According to Figure 4, the nucleotides labeled “F” represent a
29. According to Figure 4, “D” represents a strand of
30. According to Figure 4, what type of mutation would occur if structure C were deleted?
31. What process does “X” in Figure 4 represent?
32. What process does “Y” in Figure 4 represent?
33. The bases in a DNA molecule are bonded together by
bonds.
34. Proteins are made up of smaller subunits called
35. A 3-base sequence of mRNA that codes for an amino acid is a
36. What are complimentary base pairs in DNA?
37. Can DNA be found in the following cell structures
a.
Nucleus
c.
b. Mitochondria
chloroplasts
d. ribosomes
38. A molecule contains the original directions for the formation of proteins. What is the molecule and
where would it most likely be found in a cell?
39. What is the path of protein synthesis? DNA

40. Which molecule carries the code for traits of most organisms?
41. What is the role of DNA?
42. A gene mutation results from a change in the
43. Where does transcription occur in the cell?
44. If the base sequence in DNA is ATCG, the mRNA sequence is
45. Amino acids are carried to the ribosome by the
.
46. Can mutations in the genetic material in sex cells be passed on to the next generation?
47. An adult develops melanoma which is a type of skin cancer. Can the cancer be passed to his offspring
and why or why not?
Use the table below to answer 48.
Table 1: Distribution of Bases Found in Different Types of
Organisms
Organism
G
A
C
T
Mold
15.2
34.0
14.9
35.1
Plant
19.7
41.2
19.5
42.1
Reptile
12.9
35.6
13.2
35.7
Mammal
14.6
39.5
13.8
37.6
48. Label the following as TRUE or FALSE using the table above?
a.
The genetic code is generally universal among living organisms.
b. Organisms have different proportions of bases in their DNA.
c.
Animals have similar amounts of bases in their cells.
d. Plants are least related genetically to other organisms on this table.
49. Environmental factors like ultraviolet light, asbestos fibers, and cigarette smoke can do what to
DNA?
The information below represents a change in a portion of the base sequence in a DNA molecule.
Use it to answer #50
50. This change can best be interpreted as what kind of mutation?