Chapter 4 Study Guide
Name: ___________________ Class: _____________
1.
Define an ecosystem: __________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Give a few examples of an ecosystem: _____________________________________________________________________
3.
What type of organism is responsible for nitrogen fixation? ____________________________________________________
4.
What type of plant do most land animals depend on? Why? ___________________________________________________
5.
What is an abiotic factor? List a few examples. _____________________________________________________________
6.
How does an organism become resistant to chemicals? _______________________________________________________
7.
A community is made up of what? ________________________________________________________________________
8.
Define species: ________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
What is the source of energy in MOST ecosystems? __________________________________________________________
10.
How many kingdoms are there? List them: _________________________________________________________________
11.
Define natural selection: ________________________________________________________________________________
12.
Describe how natural selection can benefit an organism: ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.
How are traits passed on from one generation to the next? ____________________________________________________
14.
Define habitat: ________________________________________________________________________________________
15.
Organisms can adapt to their environments. What else can they adapt to? _______________________________________
16.
Put the following organisms into the correct Kingdom: a.
Seaweed: ___________________________ b.
Gymnosperm: __________________________ c.
Giant Kelp: _____________________________ d.
Phytoplankton: __________________________
17.
How do angiosperms disperse their seeds? _________________________________________________________________
18.
Define biotic factor. List a few examples: __________________________________________________________________
19.
What is the main role of bacteria AND fungi? _______________________________________________________________
20.
How are humans “creating” insecticide resistant insects? ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
21.
Define population: _____________________________________________________________________________________

22.
Name the one characteristic that bacteria, fungi, and plants have in common. _____________________________________
23.
The most common type of bacteria, bacteria that cause disease, is from this kingdom: ______________________________
24.
Adaptations increase an organism’s chance of ______________________ in a certain environment.
25.
_______________ and _______________ living parts of an ecosystem are ________________ factors.
26.
What’s MAJOR difference between invertebrates and vertebrates? _____________________________________________
27.
What is artificial selection? Give an example of artificial selection. ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
28.
Organisms in the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria kingdom do not have a cell ____________________.
29.
What are the two bacteria kingdoms? _____________________________________________________________________
30.
What is a gymnosperm? ________________________________________________________________________________
31.
What is the mechanism for evolution? _____________________________________________________________________
32.
Stems and leaves contain ___________________________ tissue, a system of tube-like cells that transport water and food.
33.
List the major characteristics of organisms in the Plant kingdom: ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
34.
What kingdom to yeast belongs to? _______________________________________________________________________
35.
The initial food source of many food chains and food webs in a land ecosystem would be some sort of _________________.
36.
Define and list the MAJOR difference in the following: a.
Gymnosperm - _________________________________________________________________________________ b.
Angiosperm - __________________________________________________________________________________
Be able to name one organism and describe how it is adapted to its environment. For example, a snake:
Snakes are adapted to their environments in many ways. Snakes lack appendages which allow them to fit into tight spaces other organisms with arms and legs cannot go. Examples of such places are small holes in the ground or between rocks. This allows snakes to hide from predators as well as hunt for prey. Snakes have adapted a keen since of smell which allow them to find and track prey items easily. Snakes have developed scales; a tough outer covering of keratin which offers them protection from predators and allows them to be less dependent on water. The ability to retain moisture has allowed snakes to flourish in inhospitable environments such as deserts. Finally, many snakes lay eggs that have a tough leathery covering. These leathery eggs are hardy and can withstand harsh environments.