STUDY GUIDE for Chapter 1
LIVING THINGS/CLASSIFICATION/KINGDOMS
LIVING THINGS
1.
List the 9 characteristics of Living Things: Living things do the following:
1. Grow (get larger) and develop (get more complex),
2. respond to changes in the environment
3. reproduce,
4. use energy,
5. are made up of cells,
6. contain numerous complex chemical substances,
7. have a definite form and a limited size,
8. have a limited life span; they do not live forever,
9. evolve; species change over a long period of time
2.
List the 4 things that all organisms need to survive:
1. water, 2. energy, 3. living space, and 4. stable internal conditions
3.
What is a response? reaction to a change in the environment
4.
What is a stimulus? a change in the environment
5.
Is movement a characteristic of all Living Things? NO
6.
What is evolution?
change in a species over a long period of time
7.
What is homeostasis?
stable internal conditions (not too hot, not too cold, not too hungry, not too full, etc)
Classification
1.
How do you identify an organism? Use a taxonomic Key
2.
What is taxonomy? the study of how organisms are classified
3.
Why do scientists organize living things into groups? makes it easier to study
4.
Which classification levels are used for an organism’s scientific name?
genus and species
5.
6.
Which is the broadest classification level? Kingdom
What can you say about two organisms that share more than one classification level?
the more classification levels they share the more characteristics they will have in
common
7.
Name the classification levels from broadest to smallest.
KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
(King Philip Came Over For Good Soup)
8.
How are organisms placed into different kingdoms?
Organisms are placed into kingdoms by 1. their type of cell (prokaryote/eukaryote),
2. their number of cells (unicellular/multicellular) 3. how they get food
(autotroph/heterotroph)
9.
Know the characteristics of each kingdom. – #19 below
10.
How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes DO NOT
11.
Define unicellular organisms made up of one cell
12.
Define multicellular organisms made up of many cells
13. What is a taxonomic key used for? To identify organisms
14. What is an autotroph? An organism that can make its own food
15. What is a heterotroph? An organism that CANNOT make its own food
16. What is a genus? Classification group with similar organisms
17. What is a species? Narrowest classification group, contains similar organisms which can
reproduce with each other
18. Two organisms have the same genus, what does that say about the organisms? They are
closely related and have many similar traits
19. List the kingdoms and identify traits of each
archaebacteria – unicellular prokaryotes, can be heterotrophs or autotrophs
eubacteria – unicellular prokaryotes, can be heterotrophs or autotrophs
fungi – unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs
animal – multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs
plant – multicellular eukaryotes, autotrophs
protist – unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes, can be heterotrophs or autotrophs
20. Why do scientists classify organisms? makes it easier to study organisms
21. What does it mean to classify? Put organisms into groups with similar characteristics
22.
What is taxonomy? the study of how organisms are classified.
23.
What is binomial nomenclature? 2 part naming system
24.
Which classification levels are used for binomial nomenclature?
genus and species are used to name organisms
25.
What can you say about organisms that share many classification levels?
the more classification levels they share the more traits they have in common.
26.
If two organisms belong to the same genus, what can you say about their family?
they belong to the same family as well as the same order, class, phylum and kingdom.
KINGDOMS
27.
Name three (3) characteristics that are used to place organisms into kingdoms.
1_Type of cell, eukaryote or prokaryote.
2_How they get their food, autotroph or heterotroph.
3_Number of cells, unicellular or multicellular
28.
Which kingdoms include only prokaryotes?
archaebacteria and eubacteria
29.
Which kingdoms include eukaryotes? Protist, Animals, Fungi and Plants.
30.
How are plant and animal kingdoms similar? They are both multicellular eukaryotes.
31.
What is an autotroph? an organism that can make its own food.
32.
Which kingdoms contain autotrophs? PLANTS, Protists, eubacteria, archaebacteria.
33.
What is a heterotroph? an organism that CAN NOT make its own food.
34.
Which kingdoms contain heterotroph?
ANIMALS, FUNGI, protist, archaebacteria and eubacteria
35.
What does multicellular mean? Contains more than one cell
36.
Which kingdoms contain multicellular organisms? Animals, Plants, fungi, protist
37.
Which kingdoms contain ONLY multicellular organisms? Animals and Plants
38.
What is unicellular? organism that only have one cell
39.
Which kingdoms contain unicellular organisms?
fungi, archaebacteria, eubacteria, protist
40.What is a responding variable? same as dependent variable, the variable that we are
measuring, the result of the manipulated or independent variable.
41.
What is the manipulating variable? same as independent variable, the factor in the
experiment that we are changing.
42. What is the dependent variable? factor in the experiment that may change as a result of
the independent variable
43.
What is the independent variable? factor in the experiment that we are purposely
changing