POLSCI 645S / ECON 548S
Monday Wednesday 1:25-2:40
Classroom: Gross Hall 111
Duke University
Fall 2015
William Keech, Instructor
Emails: wrk3@duke.edu, wkeech@gmail.com
Office: 204C Gross Hall
Office Phone: 919 660-4354
Office Hours: MW 2:40-4:00 and by appointment
The Political Economy of Growth, Stabilization, and Distribution
Short title: POL ECON GROWTH, STAB, & DIST
This course addresses the study of three kinds of national economic performance: the growth of
gross domestic product, the stabilization of prices and of financial markets, and the distribution of income
and wealth. These are all issues of macroeconomic performance, and they are not independent of each
other.
As is elaborated in the schedule of meetings, topics and assignments, the course examines the
following questions: Why are some nations rich and others poor? Are financial crises avoidable or
inevitable? Does economic growth reduce poverty, increase inequality, or both? What do political and
economic institutions have to do with the answers to the above questions? What do geography and culture
have to do with them? To what extent are the answers to these questions under human control? What
kinds of difference can and do governments make?
This class meets 26 times. A list of dates, topics, detailed assignments and supplementary
readings is below.
Course Objectives: to impart information about current understandings and controversies on the
topics listed above; to develop skills of critical thinking; to develop skills in identifying interesting
questions and translating them into a solid research paper.
Course Requirements: You are expected to do all of the reading assignments, to attend class ready
to discuss the assignments, and to write a substantial research paper. Three fifths of your grade will be
based on the paper, and two fifths on participation.
Participation: You can’t participate unless you are in class. You will be given two unexcused
absences, and otherwise absence will cut into your participation grade.
Questions: You are asked to formulate one question or comment on the readings for each class,
whether you attend or not, and these questions will be graded as follows: Satisfactory, Marginal, and
Unsatisfactory. Not submitting a question will result in a U grade for that class. You are permitted two
grades of U for the semester. After that, one point will be subtracted from your total final grade for each
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U. I will not be able to respond individually to each question, but if you don’t hear from me, you may
assume a “Satisfactory.” Please aim at about 100 words for your questions.
A good question or comment will not be obvious, but will have some subtlety. It may relate the
reading at issue to other readings or to general knowledge or conventional wisdom. These questions shall
be available to me and to all of the class by 9:00 am on the day of the reading in question. Your
participation grade will also be based on the quality and regularity of your oral participation in class.
Research paper: You are asked to write a substantial research paper of approximately 5,000 to
7,000 words. (Four double spaced pages of 12 point type comprise about 1,000 words.) You must
negotiate your topic with me, and you are asked to pick a general topic by September 9 (meeting 6). We
should begin discussing this as soon as possible.
A prospectus will be due September 23 (meeting 10). This means a title, a problem or issue
statement in a paragraph, and an outline in sentences of how you will address the topic.
A first draft will be due October 21 (meeting 17). This first draft will have a title, an abstract,
and will flesh out an outline with prose paragraphs. You will make a short presentation to the class
between November 2 and 11 (meetings 20-23). The final paper will be due at the beginning of class on
November 23, the last day of class. Late papers will lose one letter grade per day, starting then.
Of the 60% of your grade based on the paper, 10% of your total grade will be based on the first
draft, and 50% of your total grade will be based on the final paper. You are expected to be in regular
communication with me about your paper from the identification of the topic through the time you submit
the prospectus, the first draft and up to the final product.
Reading assignments: All readings are available online or through Sakai resources. Journal articles are
accessible from on campus with a Duke account, or elsewhere with a VPN. Other online readings will be
files assembled by topic in Resources on Sakai, or have their URL below on the Schedule of meetings,
topics, and assignments.
Grading: Grading is a matter of judgment that I seek to make as fair and transparent as possible.
Here is a rough guide to what I think standards should be.
A: Truly outstanding work with evidence of creativity or originality.
B: Very good work; a solid achievement.
C: Mediocre work. (This is not considered passing for graduate students).
F: Unacceptable.
Normative standards. Two basic normative standards that will be used are sustainability (“meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”),
and the Pareto standard (something is Pareto optimal if it is not possible to make someone better off
without making someone else worse off,)
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Terms and concepts you should become familiar with (if you are not already). For guidance, see
Wikipedia, and the New Palgrave Encyclopedia of Economics):
Collective action problems
Collective goods: non-rival, excludable
Decreasing, increasing returns
Median voter
Nash equilibrium
Pareto improvement, Pareto inferior, Pareto optimal
Rent-seeking
Second best
Seignorage
Meeting 1
8/24
Overview of course
I. The Place of Economic Performance in Human Well-Being
Meeting 2
8/26
Read:
Angus Deaton. 2013. The Great Escape: Health, Wealth and the Origins of
Inequality. Introduction and Chapter 1 (pp. 1-56). (Sakai resources or:
http://proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=s
ite&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=603306 )
Read:
Amartya Sen. 2001. Economic Progress and Health. Ch. 17 (pp. 333-45 in David
Leon and Gill Walt. 2001. Poverty, Inequality and Health: An International Perspective (Sakai resources)
For further reading:
Daniel Benjamin, et al. 2014. Beyond Happiness and Satisfaction; Toward Well-Being Indices Based on Stated
Preferences. American Economic Review 104: 2698-2735.
Jeremy Caradonna. 2014. Sustainability: A History. Introduction, chapters 4 and 7.
Diane Coyle. 2014. GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History
Richard Easterlin. 1980. Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare.
Richard Easterlin. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/28/opinion/in-china-growth-outpaceshappiness.html?scp=1&sq=&st=nyt
Benjamin Friedman. 2005. The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth.
Carol Graham. 2011. The Pursuit of Happiness: An Economy of Well-Being.
William Keech. 2014. Review of Deaton’s The Great Escape. The Independent Review 19(2): 302-305.
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Charles Kenny. 2011. Getting Better: Why Global Development Is Succeeding and How We Can Improve Tte World
Even More.
J. Y. Kim, et al. eds. 2000. Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor.
David Leon and Gill Walt. 2001. Poverty, Inequality and Health: An International Perspective
Bjorn Lomborg. 2001. The Skeptical Environmentalist. Part II. Measuring Human Welfare, (Sakai resources)
OECD Better Life Index www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org
Dirk Philipsen. 2015. The Little Big Number: How GDP Came to Rule the World and What to Do about It.
Steven Pinker. 2011. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
Hans Rosling:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo
Amartya Sen. 1999. Development as Freedom
Joseph Stiglitz, Amartya Sen, John-Paul Fitoussi. 2009. Report by the Commission on the Measurement of
Economic Performance and Social Progress.
www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr (Executive Summary is on pp. 7-18)
Leslie Paul Thiele. 2013. Sustainability.
UN Human Development Index: http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi
David N. Weil. 2015. A Review of Angus Deaton’s The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of
inequality. Journal of Economic Literature 53(1): 102-114.
World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future
http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf
II. The Miracle of Economic Growth
Meeting 3:
8/31
Basics
Read: Angus Maddison. 2006. The World Economy, vol. 1: A Millennial Perspective.
Introduction and summary. pp. 19-27. This outstanding background resource is available at the
URL below, and at HC21.M285 2006 in the reference room of Perkins Library
http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/the-world-economy_9789264022621-en
Read: William J. Bernstein. 2004. The Birth of Plenty: How the Prosperity of the Modern World
Was Created pp. 1-50 (Sakai resources)
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For further reading:
Diego Comin, William Easterly, and Erick Gong. 2010. Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 BC?
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2: 65-97.
Jerry Hough and Robin Grier. 2015. The Long Process of Development: Building Markets and States in Preindustrial England, Spain, and Their Colonies.
Timur Kuran. 2011. The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East
David Landes. 1998. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor.
Joel Mokyr. 1990. The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress
Kenneth Pomeranz. 2000. The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy.
Nathan Rosenberg and L.E. Birdzell, Jr. 1986. How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the
Industrial World.
Meeting 4:
9/2
Growth theories
Read: Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt. 2009. The Economics of Growth. Introduction: pp 1-18
(in Sakai resources)
Read: David Warsh. 2006. Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic
Discovery Introduction and chapters 3-4, (especially chapter 4) (Sakai resources)
For further reading:
Daron Acemoglu. 2009. Introduction to Modern Economic Growth
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson. 2005. Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long Run
Economic Growth. In, Philippe Aghion and Steven N. Durlauf. Handbook of Economic Growth. Volume 1A, ch. 6.
Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. 2006. Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective. American
Political Science Review 100(1): 115-131.
William J. Baumol. 2002. The Free Market Innovation Machine
Stephen L. Parente and Edward C. Prescott. 2000. Barriers to Riches
Paul Romer. 1990. Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy 88:S71-S102 (October, part 2)
Nancy L. Stokey. 2015. Catching Up and Falling Behind. Journal of Economic Growth 20(1): 1-36.
Meeting 5:
9/7
Growth regressions
Read: Robert J. Barro.1991. Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. Quarterly Journal of
Economics 106 (2):407-443.
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Read: Ross Levine and David Renelt. 1992. A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross Country Growth
Regressions. American Economic Review. 82: 942-963.
Read: Dani Rodrik. 2005. Why We Learn Nothing from Regressing Economic Growth on Policies.
(Sakai Resources)
For further reading:
Xavier Sala-i-Martin. 1997. I just ran Two Million Regressions. American Economic Review Papers and
Proceedings 87(2): 178-183.
Jonathan Krieckhaus. 2004. The Regime Debate Reconsidered: A Sensitivity Analysis of Democracy’s Effects.
British Journal of Political Science. October.
Meeting 6:
9/9
Growth recipes
Read: Dani Rodrik. 2007. One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions and Economic
Growth. Introduction, chapters 1, 5, 6. (Sakai resources)
For further reading:
Henry J. Bruton. 1998. A Reconsideration of Import Substitution. Journal of Economic Literature 36(2)903-36
Atul Kohli. 2004. State-Directed Development: State Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery.
Dani Rodrik. 2014. When Ideas Trump Interests: Preferences, Worldviews, and Policy Innovations. Journal of
Economic Perspectives 28(1): 189-208.
Dani Rodrik. 1996. Understanding Economic Policy Reform. Journal of Economic Literature 34(1): 9-41.
John Williamson, “What Washington Means by Policy Reform”
http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?researchid=486
John Williamson. 2012. Is the “Beijing Consensus” Now Dominant? Asia Policy 13: 1-16.
III. Stabilization of Prices and Financial Markets
Meeting 7:
9/14
Stabilization I: Prices and Inflation
Read: Peter Bernholz. 2003. Monetary Regimes and Inflation: History, Economic and Political
Relationships. Chapters 1, 2 (Sakai resources)
Read: Marvin Goodfriend 2007. How the World Achieved Consensus on Monetary Policy. Journal of
Economic Perspectives Fall, 47-68.
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Read: John B. Taylor. 2010. Better Living through Monetary Economics, pp. 319-341 in Siegfried, ed.
Better Living through Economics. (Sakai resources)
For further reading:
N. Gregory Mankiw and Matthew Weinzierl. 2011. An Exploration of Optimal Stabilization Policy. Brookings
Papers on Economic Activity Spring: 209-249.
Robert J. Samuelson. 2008. The Great Inflation and its Aftermath: The Past and Future of American Affluence.
Meeting 8:
9/16
Stabilization II: Hyperinflation
Read: Stanley Fischer, et al. 2002. Modern Hyper- and High Inflations. Journal of Economic Literature
40:837-880.
For further reading:
Steve Hanke and Alex Kwok. 2009. On the measurement of Zimbabwe’s Hyperinflation. Cato Journal 29: 353364.
Koech, Janet. 2011. Hyperinflation in Zambia. Dallas Federal Reserve Bank. Globalization and Monetary Policy.
Annual Report. 2-11 Pt http://www.dallasfed.org/assets/documents/institute/annual/2011/annual11b.pdf
Thomas J. Sargent. 1986. The Ends of Four Big Inflations. In Sargent, Rational Expectations and Inflation.
Meeting 9:
9/21
Stabilization III: The Recent Financial Crisis
Read: Charles Calomiris and Stephen Haber. 2014. Fragile by Design: The Political Origins of Banking
Crises and Scarce Credit. Chapter 1 (Sakai resources)
Read: Martin Wolf. 2014. The Shifts and the Shocks: What We’ve Learned – And Still Have to Learn –
From the Financial Crisis. Pp. xv-44.
Optional: Michael Kumhof, et al. 2015. Inequality, Leverage and Crises. American Economic Review 105 (3):
1217-1245. (This paper links the financial crisis to income inequality. Pp. 1217-1226 will be assigned in Section
IV.)
Prospectus due September 23
Meeting 10:
9/23
Stabilization III continued.
Read: Martin Wolf. 2014. The Shifts and the Shocks: What We’ve Learned – And Still Have to Learn –
From the Financial Crisis. Pp. 112-148.
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For further reading:
Anat Admati and Martin Hellwig. 2013. The Bankers’ New Clothes: What’s Wrong with Banking and What to Do
about It
Alan S. Blinder. 2014. After the Music Stopped: The Financial Crisis, the Response, and the Work Ahead
Francois Bourguignon and Thierry Verdier. 2000. Oligarchy, Democracy and Growth. Journal of Development
Economics 62; 286-313.
Matthieu Bussiere, et al. 2013. The financial crisis: Lessons for international economics. American Economic
Journal: Macroeconomics 5: 75-84.
Juan Cruces and Christoph Trebesch. 2013. Sovereign defaults: The price of haircuts. American Economic Journal:
Macroeconomics 5: 85-117.
Barry Eichengreen. 2015, Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, The Great Recession, and the Uses – and Misuses
– of History.
Simon Johnson and James Kwak. 2010. 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown
Atif Mian and Amir Sufi. 2014. House of Debt: How They (and You) Caused the Great Recession and How We Can
Prevent it from Happening Again
Raghuram Rajan. 2010. Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy
Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff. 2009. This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly
Robert Shiller. 2012. Finance and the Good Society
David Skeel. 2011. The New Financial Deal: Understanding the Dodd-Frank Act and Its (Unintended)
Consequences
Symposium on the bailouts of 2007-2009. 2015. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 29(2): 3-122.
IV. The Distribution of Income and Wealth
Meeting 11:
9/28
Concepts, measures; Is there an optimal distribution of income and wealth?
Read: Branko Milanovic, 2005. Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality
Introduction, chapters 1-3
(Sakai resources)
Read: Michael Norton and Dan Ariely. 2011. Building a Better America – One Wealth Quintile at a
Time. Perspectives on Psychological Science 6:9-12.
http://www.people.hbs.edu/mnorton/norton%20ariely%20in%20press.pdf
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Meeting 12:
9/30
A major new contribution
Read: Thomas Piketty. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Introduction (Sakai resources)
Read: Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. 2015. The Rise and Decline of General Laws of
Capitalism. Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (1): 3-28.
For further reading on Piketty:
Branko Milanovic. 2014. The Return of “Patrimonial Capitalism”: A Review of Thomas Piketty’s Capital
in the Twenty-First Century. Journal of Economic Literature 52(2): 519-534
Randall Holcombe. 2014. Review of Piketty. Public Choice 160(3, 4):551-557.
Richard Salsman, 2015. Piketty’s Rickety Assault on Capital. The Objective Standard (Spring): 32-52,
especially 34-35. See also Graetz and Shapiro in “further reading on distribution” below.
Meeting 13
10/5
Consequences of inequality
Read: Weining Koh, 2014. The Impact of Income Inequality on Growth: Updates and Extensions (Sakai
resources)
Michael Kumhof, Romain Ranciere, and Pablo Winant. 2015. Inequality, Leverage, and Crises.
American Economic Review 105(3): 1217-1245. (Pp. 1217-1226)
See also: Raghuram Rajan. 2010. Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World
Economy.
Meeting 14:
10/7
Poverty
Read: David Dollar and Art Kraay. 2013. Growth Still Is Good for the Poor. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/18139450-6568
Read: David Dollar. 2007. Poverty, inequality and social disparities during China’s economic reform.
http://china.usc.edu/App_Images/Dollar.pdf
For further reading on distribution:
Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. 2001. Inefficient Redistribution. American Political Science Review
95(3): 649-61.
Anthony B. Atkinson. 2015. Inequality: What Can Be Done?
Carles Boix.2015. Political Order and Inequality: Their Foundations and Their Consequences for Human Welfare
Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez. 2014. Is the United States Still a Land of
Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility. American Economic Review 104(5): 141-147.
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Andrew W. Dobelstein. 2015. Poverty in the United States: Developing Social Welfare Policy for the Twenty-First
Century.
David Dollar. 2007. Poverty, inequality and social disparities during China’s economic reform.
http://china.usc.edu/App_Images/Dollar.pdf
Boris Gershman. 2014. The Two Sides of Envy. Journal of Economic Growth 19:407-438
Michael J. Graetz amd Ian Shapiro. 2005. Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Fight over Taxing Inherited Wealth
Jonathan Krieckhaus et al. 2014. Economic Inequality and Democratic Support. Journal of Politics 76: 139-51.
Christoph Lakner and Branko Milanovic. 2013. Global Income Distribution: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the
Great Recession. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6719
Branko Milanovic, 2011. The Haves and the Have-Nots Vignettes 1.9, 2.2, 2.3 (Sakai resources)
Lant Pritchett. 1997. Divergence, Big Time. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2: (Issue 3 Summer), 3-17.
Stephen J. Rose. 2015. The False Claim that Inequality Rose During the Great Recession. http://www2.itif.org/2015inequality-rose.pdf
Xavier Sala-i-Martin. 2005. The World Distribution of Income: Falling Poverty and… Convergence, Period. QJE
http://www.columbia.edu/~xs23/papers/pdfs/World_Income_Distribution_QJE.pdf
Amartya Sen. 1992. Inequality Reexamined
Michael Walzer. 1983. Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality
No meeting 10/12: Fall Break
V. Case Studies: China
Meeting 15:
10/14 China
Read: Barry Naughton. 2010. China’s Distinctive System: Can It Be a Model for Others? Journal of
Contemporary China 19: 437-460. (Sakai resources)
Read: Sam Baker. 2014. Counterexample or Confirmation: China’s Economic Rise and the Washington
Consensus. (Sakai Resources)
See also:
Edmund Malesky and Jonathan London. 2014. The Political Economy of Development in China
and Vietnam. Annual Review of Political Science 17: 395-419.
http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041811-150032
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Meetings 16:
10/19 China, cont.
Read: Chenggang Xu. 2011. The Fundamental Institutions of China’s Reforms and Development.
Journal of Economic Literature 49: 1076-1151. (parts 1-3, 4-7)
Meeting 17:
10/21 China, cont.
Read: Justin Yifu Lin. 2012. Demystifying the Chinese Economy. chapters 4-6. (Sakai resources)
Meeting 18:
10/26 China, cont.
Read: Barry Naughton. 2007. The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth. chapters 10, 12. (Sakai
resources)
For further reading on China:
Loren Brandt, et al. 2014. From Divergence to Convergence: Reevaluating the History Behind China’s Economic
Boom. Journal of Economic Literature 52(1): 45-123.
Ronald Coase and Ning Wang. 2012. How China Became Capitalist.
Yasheng Huang. 2012. Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics.
Nara Dillon and William Keech 2014. Review of Coase and Wang in Public Choice 158: 289-291.
Melanie Manion. 2009. Corruption by Design: Building Clean Government in Mainland China and Hong Kong
Victor Nee and Sonja Opper. 2012. Capitalism from Below: Markets and Institutional Change in China
Susan Shirk. 1993. The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China
Kellee Tsai. 2007. Capitalism without Democracy: The Private Sector in Contemporary China.
Andrew Wedeman. 2003. From Mao to Market: Rent-Seeking, Local Protectionism, and Marketization in China.
Andrew Wedeman. 2012. Double Paradox: Rapid Growth and Rising Corruption in China
Quianfan Zhang. 2012. The Constitution of China: A Contextual Analysis
Weiying Zhang. 2015. The Logic of the Market: An Insider’s View of Chinese Economic Reform
Not this time:
Chile
Read:
Vittorio Corbo, Leonardo Hernandez and Fernando Parro 2005. “Institutions, Economic Policies and Growth: Lessons
from the Chilean Experience.” Working Paper No. 317. Central Bank of Chile http://www.bcentral.cl/eng/studies/workingpapers/317.htm
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Sebastian Edwards. 2010. Left Behind: Latin America and the False Promises of Populism.
Brightest Star. (Sakai resources)
Ch. 5. Chile, Latin America’s
For further reading:
Andres Solimano. 2012. Chile and the Neoliberal Trap: The Post Pinochet Era
macroeconomic performance under Concertación (Sakai resources)
Ch. 4 Economic growth and
VI. Hypotheses, Explanations, and Topics
Meeting 19:
10/28 Some fundamentals
Read: Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail. Preface, Chapters 1-3,
especially Chapter 2. (Sakai Resources)
Read: Francis Fukuyama. 2014. Political Order and Political Decay. Chapter 15. Geography
Read: Peter B. Henry and Conrad Miller. 2009. Institutions versus Policies: A Tale of Two Islands.
American Economic Review 99(2): 261-267.
Meeting 20
Meeting 21
Meeting 22
Meeting 23
11/2
11/4
11/9
11/11
presentations
presentations
presentations
presentations
Meeting 24:
11/16 More fundamentals
Read: Mancur Olson, Jr. 1993. Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development. American Political Science
Review 87: 567-76.
Read: Dani Rodrik. 2014. When ideas trump interests: Preferences, Worldviews, and Policy Innovations.
Journal of Economic Perspectives. 28: (Winter) 189-208.
Meeting 25:
11/18 Is there one best set of institutions for all conditions?
Read: Halvor Mehlum, et al. 2006. Institutions and the Resource Curse. Economic Journal 116: 1-20.
Read: Jonathan Hanson. 2014. Forging and Taming Leviathan: State Capacity, Constraints on Rulers,
and Development. International Studies Quarterly. June 2014. 380-392
See also Daniel Yergin. 1991. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power
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Meeting 26:
11/23 Reprise
Reprise on questions on goals of the course (page 1 of this document).
Some books on the political economy of development of broad scope
Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. 2006. The Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail
Timothy Besley and Torsten Perssson. 2011. Pillars of Prosperity: The Political Economies of Development
Clusters.
Francis Fukuyama. 2011. The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolutio.
Francis Fukuyama. 2014. Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization
of Democracy
Jerry Hough and Robin Grier. 2015. The Long Process of Development; Building Markets and States in PreIndustrial England, Spain, and Their Colonies.
Douglass North, John Wallis, and Barry Weingast. 2009. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for
Interpreting Recorded Human History
Douglass North, et al. eds. 2012. In the Shadow of Violence: Politics, Economics and the Problem of Development.
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