UNIT 4 LESSON 6 – MEASURING EARTHQUAKE WAVES
1. An earthquake occurs when
2. Earth’s lithosphere is
3. Stress causes ____________________________ to form.
4. A fault is
5. Stress causes rocks to deform, when rocks deform, they _____________________________ from their original shape.
6. If stress becomes too great, rocks along the fault will ______________________ and ______________________ along
the fault.
7. Once rocks break, the pieces of broken rock return to an ____________________________________ shape.
8. When rocks along the _________________________ break and move along the fault,_________________________
is released into the surrounding rock in the form of _______________________________.
9. This process causes _______________________________________.
10. Focus –
11. Epicenter –
12. Seismic waves –
13. Body waves – waves that travel through the Earth’s interior.
Surface waves – only travel along the surface not through the Earth.
P waves (primary)
Speed (relative
to each other)
Motion in rock
Can travel
through…
14. Seismometer –
15. Seismogram –
16. How is an earthquakes epicenter located?
17. Magnitude –
18. Intensity -
19. How is earthquake magnitude measured?
1. Richter scale –
2. Moment Magnitude scale –
S waves (secondary)
L waves (surface)
3. Mercalli scale –
20. What factors determine the effects of an earthquake?
1. Magnitude (explain)–
2. Local and surrounding geology
a. solid rock –
b. Loose soil saturated with water (liquefaction)–
c. Distance from the epicenter –
d. Building construction
a. Building material –
b. Mass damper –
c. Active tendon system –
d. Base isolators –
3. Distance from the epicenter (explain) –
4. Population of the area (explain) –
5. Intensity (explain) –