Earthquakes and Seismic Waves (textbook pages 125-131)
*Added Notes:
Earthquakes are the vibrations caused by the breaking of rock within Earth.
Earthquakes happen because pressure builds up and stresses rock. The rock breaks and moves along the fault.
It is important that scientist have the ability to predict earthquakes so people can plan their houses to be farther away and/or
build seismic-safe structures.
1.
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12.
focus
epicenter
Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
True
a, b, c
a. P waves b. S waves
False
c
b
a
seismograph
a. Mercalli scale
b. Richter scale
c. Moment magnitude scale
13. a. The Mercalli scale uses a 12-point scale (Roman Numerals), rates earthquake damage at particular locations.
b. The Richter scale rates the magnitude of an earthquake based on the strength of its seismic waves.
c. The Moment magnitude scale determines an earthquake’s magnitude using data on both seismic waves and fault
movement, based on energy released.
14. False
15. a. a particular seismograph’s location
b. the distance from that seismograph to the epicenter
16. 1st= P waves, 2nd= S waves, last = surface wave
17. landslides, avalanches, destroy buildings & bridges, topple utility poles, breaks (fractures) gas & water lines underground,
tear buildings apart
18. Type of rock & soil
19. False
20. Liquefaction, moisture (water)
21 Aftershock
22. Tsunami
CRCT Review:
1. B. higher
2. D. Moment Magnitude
3. C. Epicenter is at R
4. C. from S in all directions
5. D. likely to cause more damage