Name:
__________________________
Date:
__________________________
Layers of the Earth
1.
Write the letter that represents each layer of the earth on lines below.
Mantle
Inner Core
Crust
Outer Core
2. Which layer of Earth do plants and animals live on?
a. inner core
b. outer core
c. mantle
d. crust
3. The __________ is the layer below Earth's crust.
a. inner core
b. outer core
c. Mantle
d. Crust
4. Earth's thickest layer is called the
a. Mantle
b. Crust
c. inner core
d. outer core
5. The thin layer around the earth's surface made of rocks and minerals
is called the
a. Core
b. Mantle
c. Atmosphere
d. Crust
6. The thick, hot, rocky layer around the outer core is called the
a. Mantle
b. inner core
c. crust
d. atmosphere
7. Which of the layers makes up most of Earth's mass?
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. inner core
d. outer core
8. On which of Earth's layers are the continents?
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. outer core
d. inner core
9. Which layer makes less than 1% of the Earth's mass?
a. inner core
b. outer core
c. mantle
d. crust
10. What is one way scientists have gathered evidence about the
structure of the earth's layers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
drilling core
sseismic waves
cave exploration
examining fossils
Controls and Variables
1. For an experiment, a scientist put lime at the base of tomato plant A
and baking soda at the base of tomato plant B. She then sealed the
plants in plastic bags. Tomato plant A eventually died, and tomato
plant B stayed healthy.
What
a.
b.
c.
d.
was the dependent variable in this experiment?
the types of plant grown for the test
the response of the plants to each substance
the substance at the base of each plant
the plastic bags wrapped around each plant
2. What is the difference between a control group and an experimental
group?
3. Why do experiments usually test only one variable at a time?
4. This is used in an experiment to show that the results of an
experiment are actually a result of the condition being tested:
a. the independent variable
b. the control
c. hypothesis
d. the dependent variable
5. This is the factor in an experiment that is manipulated.
a. the independent variable
b. the constant
c. hypothesis
d. the dependent variable
6. This is the factor in an experiment that can change if other factors are
changed:
a. the independent variable
b. the constant
c. hypothesis
d. the dependent variable
7. Mr. Krabs wants to test whether or not his secret ingredient for breath
mints will cure the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties.
He conducted an experiment on 100 customers. Mr. Krabs had 50
customers (Group A) eat a breath mint with his secret ingredient after
eating a crabby patty. The other 50 customers (Group B) were given a
regular breath mint without the secret ingredient. Both groups were
told that they were getting the breath mint and that it would cure their
bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties and mints, 30
customers from Group A and 10 customers from Group b reported
having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby
patties.
Which group is the control group?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Why do you think 10 people in Group B reported fresher breath?
8. SpongeBob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they
used to be. Sandy told him to try using a new brand of laundry
detergent called Clean-O. SpongeBob washed one pair of pants in plain
water and another pair in water with the Clean-O detergent. After
washing both pairs a total of three times, the pants washed in the
Clean-O did not appear to be any cleaner than the pants washed in
plain water.
What was the problem SpongeBob wanted to investigate?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
What should Sponge Bob's conclusion be?
9. A botanist want to see how different colored light waves influence the
growth of pea plants. She puts the same number of seeds into three
identical pots with the same kind and amount of soil. She then gives
them the same amount of water every three days for the length of the
experiment. One pot is placed into a dark windowless closet. Another
pot is left on the windowsill, and the third is placed under a lamp with
a green bulb. She records the height of each plant every day for three
months.
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
a. the amount of soil in the pots
b. the color of the light given to the plants
c. the amount of water given to the plants
d. the amount of time the experiment was conducted
10. In an experiment investigating the effects of color on birdhouse
selection by sparrows, which of these would be a control set up?
a. a bird house that was red in color
b. a bird house that had a very large opening
c. a bird house that had not been painted
d. a bird house that was located near a food source
Hypotheses and Inquiry
1. A hypothesis is a ________ of the outcome of the experiment.
a. Observation
b. Mistake
c. Conclusion
d. prediction
2. Which is NOT a description of a good hypothesis?
a. A good hypothesis makes logical sense.
b. A good hypothesis is a testable explanation of an observation.
c. A good hypothesis follows from what you already know about a
situation.
d. A good hypothesis is a guess based on previous experiments.
3. What is a good example of a hypothesis?
a. I can clean the window with Windex.
b. If I clean the window with Windex, then the window will be
clean.
c. If I like Windex, then it should clean the window.
d. Windex is a glass cleaner.
4. An investigator is interested in seeing how tall a certain species of
plant will grow if it is kept under red light for a month. What would be
valid hypothesis for this experiment?
a. If the light is red, then the plant will grow.
b. If the investigator uses pea plants, then there will be a lot of
growth.
c. If plants are grown under different colored lights then they will
grow different heights.
d. If a month passes, then the plant will grow under the red light.
5. What would be an appropriate hypothesis related to investigating the
image?
a. If the temperature becomes too cold, then the butterfly will be
unable to reproduce.
b. The butterfly eats nectar only when there is no wind.
c. The spots on the butterfly's wings are used to help it capture
prey.
d. Butterflies use their antennae to detect signals coming from
other organisms.
6. What is scientific inquiry?
7. How long does a hypothesis need to be in order to carry out a valid
experiment?
a. The hypothesis should be at least three sentences.
b. The hypothesis needs to be as long as necessary to accurately
describe the predicted outcomes.
c. The hypothesis can be never be more than one sentence long.
d. The hypothesis has to be long enough to include all of the
methodology that will take place in the experiment.
8. Which of these describes a type of scientific inquiry? Select all that
apply.
a. Observing the mating habits of snowy egrets.
b. Testing the effects of a new drug on a disease.
c. Recording how long it takes a person to run a race.
d. Listening to different kinds of music for an afternoon.
e. Cooking your large pot of pasta and meatballs.
f. Measuring how tall plants grow when given different fertilizers.
9. In order for a hypothesis to be valid, the statement made needs to
be
.
10. In order for scientific inquiry to be considered valid, the data
collected must support the hypothesis.
a. True
b. False
The Scientific Method
1. A scientist is investigating a new treatment for a disease that affects
thousands of people. Many people with this disease volunteer to be
part of the study. Which of the following is an ethical concern that the
scientist must address before conducting the study?
a. The scientist must ensure that the treatment will be effective.
b. The scientist must ensure that the study's results will not be
shared with other scientists.
c. The scientist must inform the volunteers about the potential
dangers of participating in the study.
d. The scientist must demonstrate the treatment on him or herself.
2. What
a.
b.
c.
d.
is the first step to the scientific method?
Collect and analyze data
Conduct the experiment
State the problem to be investigated
Draw a conclusion based upon the observations
3. This is a scientific explanation of large amounts of data based on
many observations and repeated experiments:
a. Experiment
b. Theory
c. Law
d. Conclusion
e. Hypothesis
4. A hypothesis is another name for a prediction.
a. True
b. False
5. What
a.
b.
c.
d.
is the SECOND step of the scientific method?
State the problem
Design the experiment
Record and analyze the data
State the hypothesis
6. The last step in the scientific method is
a. Construct a hypothesis
b. Do background research
c. Communicate results
d. Ask a question
7. What is an educated guess, based on preliminary research and broad
ideas that can then be tested and verified?
What is the systematic collection and classification of data and usually
the formulation and testing of a hypothesis based on that
data?
8. Which statement is NOT how a scientist should act when using the
scientific method?
a. Solve problems that have a practical application to daily life
b. Make measurements as exactly as possible and with precise
instruments
c. Use statistics to adjust data to support the hypothesis
d. Reduce experimental error as much as possible
9. After the scientist makes a hypothesis, they perform an
collect data.
a. Experiment
b. Observation
to
c. Conclusion
d. Error
10.
Mr. Summers observed that kids with hot dogs are happy. This
observation led to a hypothesis that hot dogs must make kids happy.
Before Mr. Summers can test this hypothesis, what must he do?
a. Create a problem
b. Make an observation
c. Analyze data
d. Design the experiment
Earth's Spheres
1. Earth's outermost sphere is called the
a. Biosphere
b. Atmosphere
c. Lithosphere
d. Hydrosphere
2. What
a.
b.
c.
d.
part of the Earth contains the rocks?
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
3. Which is the thinnest of the Earth's spheres?
a. Biosphere
b. Atmosphere
c. Hydrosphere
d. Geosphere
4. What
a.
b.
c.
d.
part of the Earth's spheres is composed of a mixture of gases?
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
5. What sphere refers to solid water and ice?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Atmosphere
Cryosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere
6. What
a.
b.
c.
d.
is Earth's hydrosphere?
The gases in the air
The solid, rocky part of Earth
All of the water on the planet
The study of Earth's atmosphere
7. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
is the sphere inhabited by life.
Biosphere
Geosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
8. What
a.
b.
c.
d.
part of the hydrosphere penetrates the geosphere?
Sandstone
Magma
Groundwater
Mantle
9. What parts of the Earth make up the hydrosphere?
10.
Explain how a bird uses the biosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
Ecological Contamination
1. A change to the environment that has a negative effect on living
things is called
a. A renewable resource
b. A nonrenewable resource
c. Population growth
d. Pollution
2. The warming of the Earth is a(n)
worried that it will have a(n)
causing the extinction of a number of species.
a. ecological ... evolutionary
b. abiotic ... dispersal
c. evolutionary ... biotic
d. ecological ... dispersal
effect. People are
effect, perhaps
3. Which major changes in human society and the environment occurred
during the Industrial Revolution?
a. People lived in small tribes, many mammals went extinct.
b. Domesticated plants were altered, forest was replaces with
farmland.
c. Fossil fuel consumption, technological efficiency, and
environmental pollution all increased.
d. Common grazing areas were replaced with closed fields.
4. The ecological footprint for a person in a particular country takes into
account what requirements of supporting that individual?
a. Land used for crops
b. Land taken up by housing
c. Forested area that absorbs pollution
d. All of the above
5. The seas are still rising. Many researchers believe the cause
is
.
a. Glaciers getting bigger
b. Lower temperatures on Earth's surface
c. The ocean water getting more dense
d. Global warming
6. Give an example of how humans damage ecosystems and consider
the effects and conflicts that may arise.