Nucleus, prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic, DNA and replication
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Nucleus
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
The nucleus is a membrane-bound
organelle in eukaryotic cells.
The nucleus is not found in prokaryotic
cells.
Summarize the structure and function of
the nucleus.
Identify the nucleus in plant and animal
cells.
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane is found in all cells.
ribosomes
Ribosomes are found in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
DNA
RNA
Nuclear membrane,
complex
DNA and RNA are found in prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells. DNA is not
enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells.
Infer that prokaryotic cells are less
simple, less complex cells than more
advanced, eukaryotic cells.
Explain that with few exceptions, all
cells of an organism have the same
DNA.
Linear
chromosomes
There are no membrane-bound
organelles in prokaryotic cells.
There are circular DNA strands in
prokaryotic cells. There are linear
chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than
eukaryotic cells.
Double-stranded
complementary
Double-helix
Alternating
Phosphate-sugar groups
Rungs
Nitrogenous base pairs
Adenine, Thymine
Guanine, cytosine
Weak hydrogen bonds
Compare genetic material in prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells.
Explain the double-stranded,
complementary nature of DNA as related
to its function in the cell.
Identify the nucleotide subunits in DNA.
DNA is a double helix or “twisted ladder”
structure.
The sides of DNA are composed of
alternating phosphate-sugar groups.
The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are
composed of complementary
nitrogenous base pairs. (adenine,A
bonds to thymine,T and guanine, G
bonds to cytosine, C)
Nitrogenous base pairs are joined by
weak hydrogen bonds.
DNA replication
Daughter cells
Parental DNA
Mutations
spontaneous
radiation
DNA replication allows daughter cells to
have an exact copy of parental DNA.
Deletions
Additions
substitutions
Mutations can be deletions, additions, or
substitutions.
Mutations are changes in DNA coding.
Mutations can be random and
spontaneous.
Relate the structure of DNA to the
function of replication.
Explain how mutations in DNA result
from interactions with the environment
(radiation and chemicals).
I
can
1. Are ribosomes found in plant cells, animal cells or both?
2. What is the circular form of DNA called?
3. What type of cells contains plasmids?
4. Which cell is smaller, eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
5. What is the subunit of DNA?
6. What are the sides of DNA composed of?
7. What are the “rungs” of the DNA ladder composed of?
8. What does A bond to?
9. What does G bond to?
10. What are nitrogenous base pairs joined by?
11. What allows daughter cells to have an exact copy of parental DNA?
12. What are changes in DNA coding called?
13. What are the three types of mutations?