Examen corregido
Las preguntas tienen el numero del capitulo donde se encuentran
Las amarillas estaban mal en el examen
a. answer
b. ??? 22, 24,25,31, 32 esta bien solo no se el cap, 33, 37 articulo, 40, 50
1. What does it mean “the theory of evolution”?
a. Evolution offers a conceptual framework tha helps explain biological
phenomena
2. What is the “twofold” cost of sexual reproduction? -15
a. Given equal fecundity, sexually reproducing females will pass only
half the number of copies of their genes to their offspring as asexually
reproducing females
3. Sequential hermaphrodism is a type of asexual reproduction -15
a. False
4. Which of the following is not a hypothesized advantage of sexual reproduction? 15
a. It reduces the chances of producing defective offspring
5. The effects of recombination on the rate of evolution are greatest in -15
a. A large sexual population
6. Mate preference by the opposite sex generally favors. -15
a. attractive and stimulatory features.
7. Female swordtails prefer males fitted with plastic swords not only in swordbearing species, but also in species lacking swords. Females of the swordless
species even prefer sword-bearing species over their own. This phenomenon is an
example of -15
a. sensory bias.
8. The phenotypic effect of synergistic interactions among loci is referred to as: - 13
a. Epistasis
9. Because increased fecundity means increased fitness, we might expect to observe
the evolution of ever-increasing fecundity, but this is not the case. Which of the
following offers a plausible reason for lower-than-expected fecundity? -14
a. There are allocation trade-offs between fecundity and other traits.
10. When referring to the capacity of a population to grow, r equals the -14
a. per capita rate of increase.
11. The two most accepted hypotheses for the evolution of senescence are based on
the principle that -14
a. the selective advantage of enhanced probability of survival declines
with age.
12. George Williams’s hypothesis—that senescence evolved because alleles that are
advantageous early in life (e.g., those that increase reproductive effort) will be
selected for even if they are deleterious later in life—is contingent on the
existence of -14
a. antagonistic pleitropy
13. Which of the following situations would represent a trade-off between survival
and reproduction? 14
a. a. Mating activity and egg production reduce the longevity of both sexes.
b. b. Survival to greater age comes at the expense of early reproduction.
c. c. Production of more inflorescences in the first season reduces productive
vegetative growth in the second season.
d. d. The production of many offspring results in smaller offspring.
e. e. All of the above
14. Life history strategy where females reproduce more then once its called
semelparity -14
a. False
15. Which of the following is not a life history trait -14
a. Defenses Against predation
16. In ESS models, fitness is -14
a. frequency-dependent.
17. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) arises out of conflict between _______ and
_______.-16
a. Mitochondrial and nuclear genes
18. Eusociality occurs in multiple species of insects. What is the characteristic of
wasps, bees, and ants that facilitates the presence of sterile workers?-16
a. Haplodiploidy
19. Postreproductive survival, which is not generally favored by natural selection,
might in fact be favored when -14
a. postreproductive individuals provide parental care.
20. In birds and mammals, parental care tends to be provided by females, whereas in
fishes and frogs it tends to be provided by males. Which of the following
statements about this difference is consistent with evolutionary theory? -16
a. Selection favors defection more strongly in the sex for which parental
care is more costly.
b. En el examen es la c…Certainty of paternity and order of gamestes irs
costly for the different sexes to provide care
21. Five boats are adrift at sea, each one containing a number of your relatives. You
have the power to save one boat from a dire fate. According to kin selection
theory, it would be in the best interest of your genome to save a boat that contains
-16
a. one sister, one brother, and one cousin.
22. Behavior can be roughly divided into 4 categories a. spiteful b.cooperative c.
selfish and d. altruistic. Under individual selection which is more likely to evolve
a. B and D????
23. Whicho of the following ideas have been proposed to explain the evolution of
altruism 11
a. Kin selection
24. Reciprocal altruism explains unselfish helping behaviors in terms of interactions
among individuals, where a favor offered now is likely returne later. Which of the
following does not facilitate the evolution of reciprocal altruism????
a. Relative cost of altruistic act is low
b. Individuals live instable goups
c. Mating is panictic
d. All of the above
25. IF phylogenies of certain symbionts and parasites are incongruent with the
phylogenies of their hosts, one can asuusme
a. Shifts between host lineages???
26. Its important to store “germ plasm” banks of different plants because -23
a. genetic diversity is essential for a population’s long-term success.
27. A scientific theory is
a. a conceptual framework that describes a large body of observations.
28. Meiotic drive, or segregation distortion, is an example of ….
a. Genic selection
29. Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to an increase in the
frequency of an altruistic behavior in a population?
a. The recipients of the behavior are related to the individual
performing it.
30. Which of the following would be the best way to test whether larger body size in
amphipods is an adaptation to risk of predation?
a. Correlate body size with predation risk across a number of closely
related species, taking into account phylogenetic relationships.
31. What information is displayed on a phylogenic taxa
a. The relationship between taxa???
b. The amount of evolutionary changes
c. Statistival support for branches
d. A and c
e. A, b and c
32. The milk production and fur always co –occur in al species. What is the relation
between hairl follicles and mammary glands
a. They ate essentially the same, cell secreting proteins
b. both traits occur in the same lineage, with no functional relation between
the 2
c. ir is not true, there are milk producing animals. Withput fur, furry animasl
donot produce milk
d. B and D??
33. What kind of questions can we ask using phylogenies
a. how to classify organisms
b. comparative biology
c. what species conserve
d. origins of diseases organisms
e. ALL ??
34. Which of the following is the term for an action that decreases the fitness of the
individual performing the action and increases the fitness of another individual? c.
Altruism
a. True.
35. Horizontal transmission can lead to evolution of endosymbionts from past
parasites
a. false.
36. Evolution of the behavior whereby subordinate male long-tailed manakins assist
dominant males in coordinated mating displays occurred because 16
a. females mate equally with subordinate and dominant males.
b. Best of bad situation (la marcada
c. Inheritance: subordinate males succeed dominatt males when they die
d. Kin selection
e. Manipulation
37. Decreasing degrees of similarity of proteins sequences (cytochrome) across
primastes… articulo
a. Single origin and evolution of life
38. Unity of life can be seen in
a. nucleic acis as genetic material
b. genetic code of amino acids
c. atp
d. vitamina k
e. all of the above
39. The main evo-devo questions Wat has developmental evolution played in the
history of life, and how does develoment bias the trajectories of evolutionary
chanfes
a. True
40. Development, the process by which a single cell transforms into a multicellular
adult organism includes what important events?
a. Specification, determination, transformation
b. Determination, differentiation
c. Specification, determination, differentiation
d. Transformation
e. C and D????
41. Which of the following is an example of a homeobox genes?
a. Gap
b. Pair-rule
c. Antennapedia
d. a and b???
e. all
42. Antiangiogenic treatment for cancer utilizes evolutionary theory by alterin the
adaptive landscape, because limited resources favors slow growing, bening cancer
cells
a. True
43. Dioecy, asynchronous male and female function and self incompability promotes
a. Hermaphrodism
b. Selfing
c. Clonal reproduction
d. Outcrossing ???
e. Sexual selection
44. Differences among individuals of one sex, in terms of the number ore
reproductive capacity of the males they obtein, can be explain by the concept of
16
a. Reproductive assurance
b. Sexual selection
c. Operational se ratio
d. Sex role reversal
e. Sperm competition
45. The evolutionary approach to studying human behavior is called 16
a. sociobiology
46. According to the philosopher Karl Popper, the concept of “falsifiability”
distinguishes science from non-science. According to this idea, the most
important feature of scientific hypotheses is that they 23
a. are testable.
47. What is the scientific basis for the research on model organisms (like yeast and
mice) that is funded by the National Institutes of Health, with the aim of
furthering our understanding of human disease? 23
a. Common ancestry
48. Which of the following is not contested by evolutionary biologists? 23
a. That adaptive characteristics evolve by the action of natural selection
on random mutations
49. What does evolution have to say about morality? 23
a. Evolution is an amoral process (unconcerned with the rightness or
wrongness of something).
50. Many types of pesticides that were highly effective a number of decades ago are
not as effectice in the presente
a. Pest insects evolved resistance to pesticides????
b. Pesti insects inherited many acquieres characteristics.