Name:________________________
Date: ________________________
Class Period:_________________
Study Guide for Transcription and Translation Test
1. The Central Dogma
-What is it?
-What does it describe?
-Know what PROTEIN SYNTHESIS means
2. Know the differences between transcription and translation
-Where in the cell does transcription take place?
-Where in the cell does translation take place?
-What molecule is made during transcription?
-What molecule is made during transcription translation?
-What enzyme adds nucleotides to mRNA during transcription?
-What organelle is on the rough ER and is involved in translation?
-What is a codon? What is an anticodon?
-What is the function of tRNA?
3. Know the nucleotide base pairing rules for DNA and RNA
DNA:
RNA:
4. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus
-What is the role of the ER in translation?
-What does the golgi apparatus do to proteins?
-Where do proteins go after the golgi apparatus?
-Do all proteins go to the golgi apparatus?
-What is the difference between the smooth ER and the rough ER?
-What is th
5. Know how to use a codon chart. If you are given an mRNA sequence, you need to be
able to determine which amino acids the mRNA codes for.
6. Know the general structure and functions of DNA, mRNA, and proteins
For example – DNA is double stranded and has a double helix shape – you should be able
to say what its function is.
-Proteins can have many functions in cells and in the body. Know some of the things that
proteins do in the cell or in the body.
7. Know that proteins can differ in both the sequence of the amino acids and the number
of amino acids they contain.
8. Know the results of the Hershey-Chase Experiments
-What did their results prove?
9. Know what RNA editing is
-What parts are kept in the mRNA
-What parts are spliced out (removed) before translation
-Think about what might happen if there was a problem with RNA editing.
-Would everything in the cell still work?
-What might happen to a cell if RNA is not edited properly?
10. Know the functions of the following enzymes:
-DNA Polymerase
-DNA Helicase
-RNA Polymerase
STATE STANDARDS THAT ARE COVERED ON THIS TEST:
-You will receive a separate grade for each standard tested.
-This is just for your information. Focus on the study guide, not these.
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions
that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:
d. Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from
transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in
the cytoplasm.
e.Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of
proteins.
4. Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the
sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. As a basis for understanding
this concept:
a. Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to
translate genetic information in mRNA.
b. Students know how to apply the genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino acids
from a sequence of codons in RNA.
e.Students know proteins can differ from one another in the number and sequence of amino acids.
5. The genetic composition of cells can be altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into the
cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
b.Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during
semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA.