8th Grade Science Vocabulary CRCT Practice
a.
A 1.
D 2.
B 3.
C 4.
the transfer of energy carried by light waves to particles of
matter
b. the bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a barrier or an
object
c. the bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one
medium to another DUE TO CHANGE IN SPEED
d. the bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening
Absorption
Diffraction
Reflection
Refraction
C
A
B
D
5.
6.
7.
8.
A
B
AB
E
C
D
9. Wheel & Axle 10. Wedge 11. Incline Plane
12. Lever 13. Screw
14. Pulley
a.
b.
c.
d.
Acceleration
Velocity
Speed
Time -
a.
simple machine consisting of two circular objects of different
sizes
b. a simple machine that is a double inclined plane that moves
c. a simple machine that is an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral
d. a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel that holds a
rope of a cable
e. a simple machine consisting of a bar that pivots at a fixed
point, called a fulcrum
ab. a simple machine that is a straight, slanted surface
a.
B
D
A
C
AB
E
B
C
A
D
A
C
D
E
B
15.
16.
17.
18.
Simple Machine
Compound Machine
Work
Power
19. Amplitude
20. Frequency
21. Pitch
22. Sound Energy
23. Light Energy
24. Wavelength
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Atom
Element
Compound
Mixture
Molecule
the speed of an object in a particular direction
the rate at which an object moves
the rate at which velocity changes
the rate at which something is done
b.
c.
d.
the action that results when a force causes and object to
move in the direction of the force
the six machines from which all other machines are
constructed
the rate at which work is done
a machine that is made of two or more simple machines
a.
the energy produced by the vibrations of electrically charged
particles
b. how high or low a sound is perceived to be
c. the energy caused by an object's vibrations
d. the distance between one point on a wave and the
corresponding point on an adjacent wave in a series of waves
e. the number of waves produced in a given amount of time
ab. maximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest position
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the smallest particle into which an element can be divided
and still be the same substance
a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
a pure substance that cannot be separated or broken down
into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are
chemically combined
a combination of two or more substances that are not
chemically combined
1
D
A
B
C
30.
31.
32.
33.
a.
b.
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
Periodic Table
Pure Substances
c.
d.
a.
E
A
C
D
B
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Groups/Family
Period
Metal
Metalloids
Nonmetals
C
B
A
D
39.
40.
41.
42.
Solid State
Liquid State
Gas State
Plasma State
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
an arrangement of elements according to increasing atomic
number so that elements with similar properties are in the
same column
a substance in which there is only one type of particle
the weighted average of the masses in the nucleus of all the
naturally occurring isotopes of an element, the number of
protons plus the number of neutrons
b.
c.
d.
e.
a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table, same # of
electron clouds
elements that are dull and are poor conductors of thermal energy
and electric current , to the right of the zigzag line
elements that are shiny and are good conductors of thermal
energy and electric current, left of the zig zag line
elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals, on the
zigzag line
a column of elements on the periodic table who have similar
reactivity and properties
a.
b.
the state in which matter change in both shape and volume
the state in which matter takes the shape of its container and
has a definite volume
the state in which matter has a definite shape and volume
the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or
volume and whose particles have broken apart
c.
d.
a.
C
E
AB
B
D
A
a property of matter that can be observed or measured
without changing the identity of the matter
b. a change that affects one or more physical properties of a
substance
c. A physical characteristic where the temperature at which a
liquid boils and becomes a gas
d. property of matter that describes a substance based on its
ability to change into a new substance with different
properties
e. A physical characteristic where the temperature at which a
substance changes from a solid to a liquid
ab. a change that occurs when one or more substances are
changed into entirely new substances with different properties
43. Boiling Point
44. Melting Point
45. Chemical Change
46. Physical Change
47. Chemical Property
48. Physical Property
a.
C
A
D
B
E
C
D
B
A
49. Density
50. Combustibility
51. Reactivity
52. Matter
53. Volume
54. Proton
55. Neutron
56. Electron
57. Nucleus
b.
c.
d.
e.
the chemical property aka flammability (the measure of how
easily a substance will burn)
the amount of “stuff” in an object
the amount of matter in a given space
a chemical property that is used to determine how elements
react with one another
the amount of space an object takes up
a.
b.
c.
d.
Where the protons and neutrons are located in an atom
The particle that is negatively charged in an atom, have
relatively no mass, they reside in the electron cloud and is
equal to the atomic number
The particle that is positively charged in an atom, resides in
the nucleus, has a mass of one amu and is equal to the
atomic number
2
The particle that has no charge in an atom, reside in the
nucleus, have a mass of one amu and is equal to the atomic
mass – atomic number
D
C
B
AD
A
AC
AE
E
AB
a.
b.
c.
d.
58. Chemical Energy
59. Electrical Energy
60. Kinetic Energy
61. Potential Energy
62. Mechanical Energy
63. Thermal Energy
64. Nuclear Energy
65. Light Energy
66. Sound Energy
e.
ab.
ac.
ad.
ae.
an atom
the total energy of motion and position of an object
the energy of motion
the energy of electric charges
the energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are
rearranged to form a new compound
the energy produced by the vibrations of electrically charged
particles
the energy caused by an object's vibrations
the total energy of the particles that make up an object
the energy of position or shape
the form of energy associated with changes in the nucleus of
a.
E
D
A
B
C
67. Conduction
68. Convection 69. Radiation
70. Thermal Expansion
71. Temperature
b.
c.
d.
e.
a.
C
E
D
B
A
72. Force
73. Mass
74. Weight
75. Gravity
76. Friction
b.
c.
d.
e.
the transfer of energy through matter or space as
electromagnetic waves
increase in volume of a substance due to the increase in
temperature
a measure of how hot (or cold) something is
a transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a
gas
a transfer of electrons (electricity) or heat (energy) through
direct contact
a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are
touching
a force of attraction between objects that is due to their
masses and distance
a push or a pull
a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
the amount of matter that something is made of
a.
C
B
E
AB
D
A
77. Newton’s First Law
78. Newton’s Second Law
79. Newton’s Third Law
80. Inertia
81. Balanced Forces
82. Unbalanced Forces
C
D
B
A
AB
AC
E
83. Law of Conservation of Matter
84. Law of Conservation of Energy
85. Law of Universal Gravitation
86. Watt
87. Joule
88. Heat
89. Heat Transfer
the forces on an object that cause the net force to be other than zero,
resulting in movement
b. the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and
the amount of force applied
c. an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in
motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an
unbalanced force
d. forces on an object that cause the net force to be zero, resulting in no
movement
e. whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second
object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first
ab. the tendency of all object to resist any change in motion
a.
b.
the unit used to express power
the law that states that all objects in the universe attract each other
through gravitational force
c. the law that states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in
ordinary chemical and physical changes
d. the law that states that energy is neither created nor destroyed
e. the transfer of energy between objects that are at different
temperatures, HOT TO COLD
ab. the unit used to express work and energy
ac. energy that is being moved from one object to another
3