Name: ________________________
Regents Review #11: Earthquakes
1. Folds, faults, and marine fossils on mountaintops all show that rock layers have
moved/stayed in place.
2. If the layers have/have not moved, they are flat.
3. Volcanoes and earthquakes are usually found at _______________________________.
4. ________________________ in the asthenosphere/stiffer mantle cause continental drift.
5. Convection currents are caused by differences in _______________ (hot mantle
rises/sinks, cold mantle rises/sinks).
6. List 5 evidences of sea floor spreading. These words are hints: motion, magnetism,
fossils, age, shape
a. _________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________________________
e. _________________________________________________________________
7. Fossils found in South America often match fossils in _____________________ because
these continents were ________________ during the Tertiary/Triassic/Ordovician Period.
8. P-waves arrive before/after S-waves because they are faster/slower.
9. P-waves can go through liquids/solids/both, S-waves can go through liquids/solids/both.
This is how we know that the outer core is liquid/solid
10. You can find the epicenter of an earthquake because 1/2/3 circles will __________ there.
11. The deeper you go in the Earth, temperature increases/decreases, pressure
increases/decreases, and density increases/decreases.
12. Give the temperature and pressure at a depth of 2000km _________________________
13. What is the density of the mantle? ___________________________________________
14. One clue that our core is made of _______________ is meteorites from our solar system.
15. The 1st picture shows the S-wave/P-wave shadow zone. These waves don’t show up in
the dark section because they are blocked/refracted by the solid/liquid inner/outer core.
16. The 2nd picture shows the S-wave/P-wave shadow zone. These waves don’t show up in
the dark section because they are blocked/refracted by the solid/liquid inner/outer core.
17. Continental crust is made of granite/basalt, is thicker/thinner and more/less dense than
oceanic crust. Oceanic crust is made of granite/basalt, is thicker/thinner and more/less
dense than continental crust.
18. Hawaii is located on a ______________________________. This is why the island is
volcanic/tropical. Hot spots show up where magma/mud pierces weak/strong spots in
the crust. This works best on oceanic/continental crust because it is thicker/thinner.
This often creates a chain of/single island(s), but only the oldest/youngest one is volcanic
because the others have moved off the hot spot. It is the plate/hotspot that moves.
19. Because of convection currents, mantle rises/sinks where plates spread apart, and
rises/sinks where they come together.
20. At the boundary between India and Eurasia, there is a ______________ plate boundary.
Oceanic/continental plate is meeting/pulling away from/sliding past oceanic/continental
plate. This creates mountains/trenches/both.
21. At the boundary between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate, there is a
_____________________ plate boundary. Continental plate is meeting/pulling away
from/sliding past oceanic/continental plate. This creates mountains/trenches/both.
22. At the boundary between the Antarctic Plate and the Pacific Plate, there is a
______________ plate boundary. Oceanic/continental plate is meeting/pulling away
from/sliding past oceanic/continental plate. This creates mountains/trenches/both.
23. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a _______________________ plate boundary.
24. A ________________________ detects P and S waves.
25. How far can a P-wave travel in 6 minutes? ___________________________________
26. P-wave arrives at a seismic station 3 minutes before the S-wave. How far away is the
epicenter of the earthquake? ______________________________________________
27. A P-wave arrives in San Francisco at 10:30am. The S-wave arrives at 10:37am. How far
is the epicenter from San Francisco? ________________________________________
28. Tsunamis are caused by ____________________________________________________
29. Fill in the data table below:
Regents Review #11: Earthquakes KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
moved.
have not
at plate boundaries.
Convection currents in the asthenosphere
density (hot mantle rises, cold mantle sinks).
a. earthquakes
b. matching fossils on opposite continents
c. youngest rocks in middle, oldest far away
d. pattern of magnetic reversals match on opposite sides of ridge
e. the jigsaw appearance of the continents
7. Africa, joined, Triassic Period
8. Before, faster.
9. both, solids, liquid.
10. 3, intersect
11. increases, increases, increases.
12. 4200ºC, 0.8 million atm
13. 3.3 to 5.5 g/cm3
14. iron and nickel
15. S-wave, blocked, liquid outer
16. P-wave, refracted, liquid outer
17. granite, is thicker and less. basalt, is thinner and more
18. hot spot, volcanic, magma, weak, oceanic, thinner. Chain of , youngest, plate
19. rises, sinks
20. convergent, continental, meeting, continental, mountains.
21. Convergent, meeting, oceanic, both.
22. Divergent, Oceanic, pulling away from oceanic, trenches.
23. transform
24. seismometer
25. 3200km
26. 1800km
27. 5400km
28. underwater earthquakes.
29. Fill in the data table below: