CHILD CARE & DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTERS 4 & 5 TEST REVIEW
1. What and who determines the sex of the child?
Father, Y chromosome
2. What are the male and female germ cells called?
Male = sperm, Female = ovum, ova, egg
3. What is the difference between a zygote, embryo, and fetus?
Zygote = baby during germinal stage, Embryo = baby during embryonic stage, Fetus = baby
during fetal stage
4. What are at least three early signs of pregnancy?
Missed menstrual cycle, nausea, tiredness, sore/tender breasts
6. What is HCG and where is it found?
The pregnancy hormone found in blood and urine
7. Define prenatal development.
Development of baby from conception to birth
8. What happens during the germinal stage of development?
Fertilized egg embeds in uterus, placenta and umbilical cord form
9. What happens during the embryonic stage of development?
Embryo looking more human-like, limb buds form, major organs develop
10. What happens during the fetal stage of development?
Rapid period of growth, lanugo forms and disappears, fingernails and eyelashes appear
11. What is lanugo?
Fine, downy like hair that covers the baby, keeping baby warm until fat appears
12. What is vernix caseosa?
Wax-like substance that covers the baby, protects baby in amniotic fluid
13. What should a diet for pregnant women include?
Folic acid, calcium, iron, protein, water
14. Are all forms of exercise safe for a pregnant woman? Why or why not?
No, not contact sports
15. What is the linea nigra?
Dark, vertical line on pregnant woman’s abdomen due to an increase in estrogen and the pigment
melanin
16. What are at least two risks for teen pregnancies?
Premature birth, low birth weight
17. What are at least two risks for pregnancies for women over 36 years of age?
Disorders and disabilities in baby (Downs Syndrome)
18. What is the difference between chorionic villus sampling and amneocentesis?
CVS = 8-12 weeks
Amnio = 14-16 weeks
Both done to check for genetic abnormalities
19. What are the movements felt by the mother around four or five months called? Why is she
feeling these movements?
Quickening, the baby is moving
20. What are three signs a woman has pregnancy induced hypertension?
High blood pressure, swelling, protein in urine
21. What is another name for the loss of the mucous plug?
Bloody show
22. What is it called when the baby moves its position downward toward the birth canal?
Lightening
23. What are contractions and what is the purpose for them?
Uterine muscle tightens to help guide the baby down during labor and delivery
24. What is the difference between presumptive signs and positive signs of pregnancy?
Pre = could be pregnant
Pos = definitely pregnant
25. Are multiple pregnancies more or less common these days? Why?
More due to fertility treatment options
26. What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?
F = two eggs fertilized by two sperm, different genetic make-up
I = one egg fertilized by one sperm, cells split, same/similar genetic make-up
27. Does the fetus sense the stress of the mom-to-be?
Yes
28. How many pregnancies end in the loss of baby through miscarriage or stillbirth?
1/3
29. What type of medication can be taken during pregnancy?
None, unless approved by the obstetrician
30. How many more calories should a pregnant woman eat as her pregnancy progresses?
300
31. How often will a pregnant woman visit the obstetrician?
1-6 months = Once a month
7-8 months = Twice a month
9 months = Once a week
32. What is the difference between an ultrasound and a sonogram?
Ultrasound = sound waves bouncing off of fetus
Sonogram = picture that the ultrasound produces
32. What is the age of viability?
Age the baby can survive outside the womb, 27-28 weeks
34. What is a breech baby and how often do they occur?
Baby born butt first, 2% of deliveries
35. What are two characteristics of multiple babies (twins, triplets, etc…)?
Premature, low birth weight
36. How many pounds is a baby with low birthweight?
5 ½ lbs. or less
37. What are false contractions?
Braxton Hicks, irregular contractions, not true labor (contractions don’t strengthen or get closer
together)
38. What is a consequence of gestational diabetes?
Larger babies (10-12 lbs.)
39. List the three postpartum mood disorder from mild to severe.
Baby blues, Postpartum depression, Postpartum psychosis
40. Can the foods eaten while breastfeeding cause reactions in the baby?
Yes
41. What is the difference between the amnion and chorion?
A = amniotic sac, holds baby and amniotic fluid
C = outer sac that surrounds the amniotic sac
42. What is the placenta?
Organ with many blood vessels, nutrients travel from placenta to baby via umbilical cord
43. What is the umbilical cord and what is its purpose?
Nourishes the baby by taking nutrients to it as well as removing wastes
44. What are the three stages of labor?
Dilation of cervix, Delivery of baby, Delivery of placenta (afterbirth)
45. What is the difference between anastesia and sedation?
A = epidural
S = drug administered through IV
46. What is the difference between the Lamaze and Leboyer method of childbirth?
Lamaze = breathing techniques to help with labor and delivery
Leboyer = focuses on comfort of baby, low lights, soft music, whispering voices
47. What effect does alcohol have on the baby?
Fetal alcohol syndrome, slow growth and development
48. What effect does nicotine have on the baby?
Oxygen level reduced, premature, low birth weight, risk of miscarriage
49. What effects do illegal drugs have on the baby?
Baby could become addicted and have to go through withdrawal
50. Study triplets on p. 119 in the book