 Nonfiction:
 Writers know the importance of being clear.
○ what they write must be of interest, or no one will want to read what they have to say
 Facts vs. Opinions?
 On average, adults watch double the amount of television that teenagers do.
 Adults watch too much TV.
 The first CD pressed in the U.S. was Bruce Springsteen’s Born in the USA
 The best CD ever produced was Bruce Springsteen’s Born in the USA
 Types of Non-Fiction
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 Narrative Nonfiction
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 Informative Nonfiction
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 Two types of informative nonfiction are
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 Types of informative nonfiction
 EXPOSITORY
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○ Found in news articles, in histories, in biographies, cookbooks, how-to manuals, etc.
 PERSUASIVE
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○ Found in newspaper editorials, in speeches, in certain types of essays, advice columns, movie review, etc.
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 Autobiography
 Biography
 Memoir
 Diary
 Essay
 Speech
 Informational articles
 Autobiography:
 written from a 1st person point of view and based entirely on the author’s memory
 Subjective:
 Advantage:

 Biography:
 Objective:
 Memoir:
 Advantage:
 Like an autobiography, a memoir is told from the first-person point of view.
 Diary :
 Essay:
 Types of Essays
 Narrative:
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○ often includes a central conflict or problem, as well as a climax and resolution
(plot elements)
○ Knowing that a literary work is a narrative essay can help you to gain historical and/or general knowledge about other people, places and events.

 Personal:
○ often reflect an incident in the writer’s life
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 Descriptive:
○ Writers often use ____________________________________in their description to help the reader understand what something looks like, sounds like, and feels like.
 Types of Essays (Informational nonfiction)
 Expository:
 Persuasive:
○ examples of persuasive techniques:
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○ A good persuasive writer anticipates the possible concerns and objectives of the audience and uses this insight to directly address possible arguments.
 Speech:
 Informational Article:
 Newspaper and magazine articles, feature stories, Textbooks, pamphlets, how-to books

 Title:
 expresses themes, highlights important details, or points to a central character or event
 Author’s purpose:
 may be to entertain, to persuade, to express opinions, to describe or to inform
 Characterization:
 Direct characterization:
 Indirect characterization:
 Historical Narrative:
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 includes events that are usually told in chronological order
 some also include a central conflict, rising action and a resolution
 Narrator:
 Anecdote:
 Writers often use anecdotes to illustrate their points, to get a reader’s attention, to clarify ideas or to convey a story element such as setting or rising action

 Tone:
 conveyed through elements such as word choice, punctuation, sentence structure, and figures of speech
 can convey a variety of attitudes, such as _____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 the specific tone is often related both to _____________________________and its
__________________________________
 Objective versus Subjective Writing
 Objective=
 examples: the geographic location of a city, the time of day
 Subjective=
 examples: feelings about an event, description of a person
 word connotation (associations that affect meaning)
 Plot: sequence of events
 Exposition
 Rising action
 Climax
 Falling action
 Resolution
 Aphorism:
“To travel hopefully is better than to arrive.”- Robert Louis Stevenson

 Setting:
 In addition to physical characteristics, setting also includes the _____________________
 Thesis:
________________________________________________________________________
 It is generally stated in one or two sentences
 Contains ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 Indentifying the thesis of a work can help you better understand the work as a whole
 The thesis may be stated ___________________________________________________
 Structure:
 Dialogue:
 usually set off with quotation marks and dialogue tags, or markers that let the reader know who said what
 Rhetorical devices:
 Use language in artistic ways that make passages more memorable as well as more persuasive
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 Antithesis:
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 Humor:
 Recognizing the author’s use of humor can help you determine how serious a selection is, as well as if it is fictional or factual
 Often used to point out human failings or ironies of every day life
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