Answers to Assignment #2
182._______________ Gravity___________ is the force behind all erosion.
183._______________Running Water__________ is the primary agent of erosion.
184. Stream velocity depends on ________ gradient _______ and ______ volume (discharge) ___________.
185. The size of the particle transported depends on the stream’s _____ velocity _____________.
186. Heavy-dense-round particles settle _________ first _______ in water.
187. Graded bedding (vertical sorting) _____ large______ sediments are on the bottom.
188. Glacial sediments are _________ unsorted ______, scratched and form ________ “U” _________ shaped
valleys.
189. Stream deposits are ______ sorted _______, round, and form _____ “V”________ shaped valleys.
212.
Weathering- Break down of rocks at the earth’s surface into _________ sediments ____.
213.
Sediments – broke down pieces of rock.
214.
Soil- mixture of weathered rock (sediments) and organic remains that cover bedrock.
215.
Chemical weathering dominates in _____ warm ________ and________ wet _____ climates.
216.
Physical weathering dominates in _____ cold ____ and ____ wet __________ climates. (Good For Frost
Wedging)
217.
As the particle size decreases, the rate of weathering will _______ increases_________.
218.
When particles are broken into smaller pieces, the surface area _____ increases _________.
219.
Sediments are classified based on their _________ particle size__. (i.e. .02cm particles are sand)
220.
Erosion- _____movement________ of sediments
221.
___________ Gravity _____ is the ultimate force behind erosion.
222.
_________ Running Water _______ is the primary agent of erosion.
223.
Dissolved mineral are carried in _____ solution_________.
224.
Silt/Clay colloids are carried by _____ suspension _________.
225.
Sand/ Pebbles slide and bounce along the bottom.
226.
As the velocity increases, the size of the sediments a stream can transport _______ increases ________.
227.
As the slope/gradient of a stream increases, the size of the sediments a stream can transport _____
increases_______.
228.
As the discharge (an amount of water in a stream) increases, velocity will _______ increase ________.
229.
The velocity of a stream is greatest on the _______ outside___ of a meander (bend).
230.
Erosion occurs on the _____ outside________ of a meander where velocity is ____ fast __________.
231.
Deposition occurs on the _____ inside _______ of a meander where velocity is ______ slow ________.
232.
_____ Large______, _______ dense_______, _________ Round _____, particles are the first to settle
out of water as the water slows down. (Sorting Sediments)
233.
Sediments transported by water are _____ round_______ and _____ smooth_______ due to abrasion.
234.
Streams erode a _ “V” ____ shaped valley.
235.
Sediments deposited by glaciers are _______ unsorted _______, (all mixed up in size and shape.)
236.
Glaciers erode a __ “U” __ shaped valley.
237.
After a glacier has moved through an area the bedrock is _______ smooth___ and _______ polished____
with parallel glacial striations (scratches).
238.
Wind deposits consist of fine grained well sorted particles (sand) particles exhibit a pitted/frosted
appearance and cross bedded layers.
239.
Residual soil- developed from the bedrock below it- _____ same _________ mineral composition as
bedrock below.
240.
Transported soil- transported from another location- _____ different______ mineral composition than
bedrock below.
241.
______ Longshore _______ drift moves sand along the beach in the direction of the ocean current.
248.
______ Divergent ________ plate boundary – Two plates move apart.
249.
______ Convergent ________ - two plates move toward one another.
250.
Proof of sea floor spreading -1- the age of the ocean floor is ______ younger____ at the mid ocean ridges
and gets _____ older____ as you move away in either direction. 2. There is also a matching pattern of earth’s
_____ magnetic__ polarity on either side of the ridge.
251.
Inferences about Earth’s interior come from the study of ________ seismic waves _________.
252.
Earthquakes and volcanoes happen in the same spot, near ________ plate boundaries________.
253.
______ Hot Spots________ are not associated with plate boundaries –magma burns through plate = a
series of islands (Hawaii).
254.
Continental crust is ______ older_______ with a density of ______ 2.7 g/cm3 ______ and is composed
of ____granite __________.
255.
Oceanic crust is ________ younger___, with a density of ___3.0 g/cm3 _____ and is composed of
___basalt____.
256.
When a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate the ______ oceanic________ plate subducts
because it ______more________ dense.
257.
______ Transform________ Boundary – Plates slide past each other (San Andres Fault).
258.
Subduction zones/Trenches are where _________ oceanic crust_____________ is destroyed. (Recycled).
259.
_____ Convection Currents_ in the asthenosphere (mantle) cause the plates to move.
260.
P- Waves travel _____ faster _________ than S- waves.
261.
P waves travel through ___ solids_______ & ______ liquids _____, but S- waves through _____ solids
____ only.
262.
We can infer that the outer core is _____ liquid_________ because __ S__ waves cannot penetrate it.
263.
One seismic station can determine the _____ distance _________ to the epicenter.
264.
As the distance from the epicenter increases, the time lag between the P sand the S wave _______
increases_______.
265.
You need ______ 3 ________ seismic stations to plot an epicenter. (Where three circles meet).