Name_______________________________
Social Studies
Date________________________
Teacher_____________________
Test:
Please study these important facts in addition to the vocabulary words on your study guide:
Homer
 Wrote famous epics Iliad & Odyssey
 Based these epics on Trojan War
Aesop
 A Greek slave who made up famous fables
 A fable is a short tale that teaches a lesson, animals talk and act like humans, they are
entertaining, and teach a lesson/moral
Sophocles
 One of the three best known writers of Greek tragedy
 In a tragedy, a person struggles to overcome difficulties but fails. The ending is not
happy
 Used three actors in stories instead of one or two
Euripides
 One of the three best known writers of Greek tragedy
 In a tragedy, a person struggles to overcome difficulties but fails. The ending is not
happy
Herodotus
 Wrote the history of the Persian Wars
 Considered the “father of history”
Aristotle
 Plato’s best student at the Academy
 Tutored Alexander the Great
 Opened own school called the Lyceum
 Taught that people should do nothing in excess
 Wrote the book Politics.
Pythagoras
 A philosopher and mathematician
 Taught that the universe was governed by the same laws as music and numbers
 Figured out how to find the sides of a right angle using an algebraic equation
Plato
 A philosopher
 Student of Socrates
 Opened the school called the Academy
 Wrote The Republic
Socrates
 Sculptor and philosopher
 Questions values in Athens
 Taught by asking questions (Socratic Method)
 Sentenced to death by the Athenian government
 Believed that there was absolute right and wrong
 Absolute evil does exist
Thucydides
 One of the greatest historians of the ancient world
 Wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War
Philip II
 Admired Greek ideas
 Planned to conquer Persia
Alexander the Great
 Became king of Macedonia at age of 20
 Son of Philip II
 Key to courage may have been his childhood education
 Kept copy of Iliad under his pillow
 His empire extended as far east as the Indus River
 His empire was bordered by the Mediterranean Sea in the west
 Spread Greek culture to lands he conquered
 His conquest marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era
 Empire fell apart after his death when generals fought one another for power
Hippocrates
 Known as “the father of medicine”
 Hippocratic oath
Columns
 Doric
 Ionic
 Corinthian
Drama
 Tragedy
 Comedy
Mythology
 Myths are stories about gods and heroes
 Greek mythology expressed religious beliefs
 Greeks were polytheistic
 Built temples to honor gods and goddesses
 Believed gods and goddesses controlled nature
 Zeus was the king of the gods
 Held rituals to seek favor of the gods
Art and Architecture
 Expressed ideas of beauty, harmony, reason, moderation, balance
 The Greeks used three different styles of columns
 Parthenon was the glory of ancient Athens
Greek Influence Today
 Art
 Architecture and sculpture
 Math
 Science
 Government
 Literature and theater
Alexandria
 After Alexander the Great captured Syria and Egypt, he built city of Alexandria in Egypt
 Library was useful to students of literature and language
 Center of trade and business
 One of the most important cities of ancient world
 Lighthouse was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
***Don’t Forget to Study the Vocabulary Words for this Chapter!!!