CNS Stimulants Denise Eberhart Physiological Complications November 23, 2011 Instructor: Jerry Van Kirk Central Nervous System Stimulant Fact Sheet Definition of CNS Stimulants A stimulant is any drug that excites any bodily function, but more specifically those that stimulate the brain and central nervous system. Stimulants induce alertness, elevated mood, wakefulness, increased speech and motor activity and decrease appetite. Their therapeutic use is limited, but their mood-elevating effects make some of them potent drugs of abuse Erythroxylon Shrub NAMES OF PRESCRIPTION AND COMMON OVER THE COUNTER STIMULANTS Adderall/Dexedrine Ritalin Biphetamine Concerta Anacin Excedrin Caffeinated Coffee, Tea, Soft Drinks Chocolate Ephedrine Naphazoline Decongestant (nasal spray) Oral Decongestants Adderall/Dexedrine Pseudoephedrine Tetrahydrozolin Herbal stimulants found in dietary supplements Legal Herbal Weed Herbal Ecstasy Rave Herbal Stimulant Ephedra –herbal Ephedrine (found in dietary supplements) Nicotine Methamphetamine Cocaine/Crack Amphetamines MDMA(Ecstasy) STREET NAMES FOR CNS STIMULANTS Street Names Of CNS Stimulants Speed Crank Chalk Go-Fast Zip Cristy Crystal 64glass Quartz Blue Belly Crank La Glass (Pure Meth With No Cuts) Speed White Cross White Crunch Ice Glass NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS To The Brain: Neurological (Seizures, PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Headaches, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Infarctions, Cerebral Vasculitis) Other Complications: Cardiovascular (Chest Pain, Arrhythmias, Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction, HEALTH RISKS Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis, Stroke), PSYCHIATRIC (Depression, Schizophreniform Psychosis, Toxic Delirium, Anxiety, Paranoia, Suicide), NEUROLOGICAL (Seizures, Headaches, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Infarctions, Cerebral Vasculitis), MALNUTRITION HYPERPYREXIA OBSTETRIC (Placental Abruption, Lower Infant Weight, Prematurity, Microcephaly) PULMONARY Respiratory Failure Seizure Convulsion Stroke HEAD AND NECK (Erosion Of Dental Enamel, Gingival Ulceration, Keratitis, Chronic Rhinitis, Perforated Nasal Septum, Midline Granuloma, Altered Olfaction, Optic Neuropathy, Osteolytic Sinusitis) SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION GASTROINTESTINAL (Acute Ischemic Syndrome And Hepatoxicity) Short Term: Increased Attention Decreased Fatigue Increased Activity Wakefulness Decreased Appetite Euphoria And Rush Increased Respiration Rapid/Irregular Heartbeat Hyperthermia Changes In Brain Meth causes the mouth to dry out, meaning there's no saliva to help clean the teeth. Meth Mouth = Very aggressive erosion of tooth enamel; destructive to tooth structure Long Term and restorative materials; damages gums and Repetitive Motor Activity oral tissue. Signs and Symptoms of CNS Stimulant Dependence “Few drugs produce more physical damage than methamphetamines” “The consequences of stimulant abuse can be dangerous. Taking high doses of some stimulants repeatedly over a short time can lead to feelings of hostility or paranoia. Additionally, taking high doses of a stimulant may result in dangerously high body temperatures and an irregular heartbeat. There is also the potential for cardiovascular failure or lethal seizures” . “Treatment strategies need to assess the psychobiological, social, and pharmacological aspects of the patient's drug abuse.” Structure And Function Memory Loss Aggressive Or Violent Behavior Mood Disturbance Weight loss Euphoria Increased Activity Paranoia. Loss Of Appetite Significant Weight Loss Sleep Disruption Convulsions Increased Heartbeat Rapid Heart Rate Depression Increased Blood Pressure Increased Energy Talking A Lot Decreased Appetite Hyper-Alertness Increased Temperature Increase In Mood Swings Greater Impairment Of Mental Judgment And Capacity Nausea Hallucinations Twitching And Jerking Movement Rotting Teeth Scratching ADHD -difficulty sustaining attention, THERAPEUTIC USES OF STIMULANTS hyperactivity and impulsive behavior NARCOLEPSY -uncontrollable desire to sleep or may suddenly fall into a deep sleep LOCAL ANESTHETIC (COCAINE) AID IN WEIGHT LOSS WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS FROM CNS STIMULANTS Irritability Headaches Nausea Vomiting Mood Swings Fatigue Headache Intense Cravings For The Drug Psychotic Reactions Anxiety Moderate To Severe Depression Intense Hunger Irritability Fatigue Mental Confusion Insomnia. References Faqs.org Retrieved on November 23, 2011 http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/38/Central-nervous-system-stimulants.html http://search.avg.com/route/?d=4e514e95&v=7.008.031.001&i=26&tp=chrome&q=Neurolofical +brain+effects+of+CNS Kane Suzanne, Posted on May 13, 2009 Prescription Drug Addiction http://www.drugaddictiontreatment.com/comments/feed/ Dan Bewley and Terry Hood, Families Advised to Watch for Meth Mouth: The NewOne Oklahoma, Retrieved November23, 2011 http://www.newson6.com/Global/story.asp?S=10266250 Urell, Bill, Drug Abuse Or Drug Addiction: the Physical Signs Retrieved on November 20, 2011 http://addictionrecoverybasics.com/drug-abuse-or-drug-addiction-the-physical-signs/ Fleckestien, G. H. (2011). Drugs and Society. In F. A. Peter, Drugs And Society (p 221). Burlington: Jones and Bartlett Learning. Retrieved on November 21, 2011 http://www.chacha.com/topic/methamphetamine NIDA, Info Facts: Methamphetamine retrieved on November 22, 2011, http://www.nida.nih.gov/researchreports/prescription/prescription3.html