Biology
Study Guide
06.01 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
SB4
Rev. 07-14-15
Online textbook:
Biochemistry
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Write the complete correct definition for each term. -25 for incomplete, blank, or silly answers.
A. atom _____________________________________________________________________________
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B. compound ________________________________________________________________________
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C. covalent bond _____________________________________________________________________
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D. electron __________________________________________________________________________
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E. element __________________________________________________________________________
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F. ion ______________________________________________________________________________
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G. ionic bond ________________________________________________________________________
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H. isotope ___________________________________________________________________________
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I. mixture ___________________________________________________________________________
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J. molecule __________________________________________________________________________
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K. neutron __________________________________________________________________________
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L. nucleus ___________________________________________________________________________
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M. proton ___________________________________________________________________________
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N. substance _________________________________________________________________________
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O. van der Waals forces ________________________________________________________________
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Also know:
When a metal element and a nonmetal element combine, ionic bonds are formed.
When a nonmetal and a nonmetal element combine, covalent bonds are formed.
Covalent bonds may be polar (when electrons are shared unevenly) or nonpolar (when electrons are
shared evenly). Polar covalent bonds make molecules magnetic.
About 80% of the known elements are metals.
Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals are called metalloids.
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine usually are found in nature
as diatomic molecules (two atoms combine to make one molecule).
Two Group 17 elements, like fluorine atoms, will bond with each other with a single covalent bone.
Two Group 16 elements, like oxygen atoms, will bond with each other with a double covalent bond.
Two Group 15 elements, like nitrogen atoms, will bond with each other with a triple covalent bond.
Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds occur between atoms, inside of molecules or formula units.
Van der Waals forces occur between molecules.
H2O (water) is a compound formed by covalent bonds, because it is formed from two nonmetals.
NaCl (salt) is a compound formed by ionic bonds, because it is formed by a metal and a nonmetal.
Cu (copper) and Fe (iron) are metals; both metals are elements held together by metallic bonds.