Units XVI-XVIII THT
1. The Zimmermann note involved a proposed secret agreement between
a. Britain and France
b. Russia and Germany
c. Germany and Mexico
d. Mexico and France
e. Germany and Canada
2. Which one of the following was NOT among Wilson’s Fourteen Points, upon which he based America’s idealistic
foreign policy in World War I?
a. Reduction of armaments
b. An international guarantee of freedom of religion
c. Abolition of secret treaties
d. A new international organization to guarantee collective security
e. The principle of national self-determination for subject peoples
3. The two groups who suffered most from the violation of civil liberties during World War I were
a. Catholics and atheists
b. Irish Americans and Japanese Americans
c. African Americans and Latinos
d. Labor unions and women’s groups
e. German Americans and social radicals
4. The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during World War I resulted in
a. Better race relations in the South
b. Racial violence in the North
c. Fewer blacks willing to be used as strikebreakers
d. A new black middle class
e. All of these
5. The World War I military draft
a. Generally worked fairly and effectively to provide military manpower
b. Caused widespread resistance and riots
c. Permitted men to purchase substitutes to go in their place
d. Included women as well as men
e. Was not as fair as the Civil War draft
6. The United States’ main contributions to the Allied victory in World War I included all of the following EXCEPT
a. Battlefield victories
b. Foodstuffs
c. Oil
d. Munitions
e. Financial credit
7. After the Treaty of Versailles had been signed, Woodrow Wilson
a. Remained a popular leader
b. Was condemned by both disillusioned liberals and frustrated nationalists and imperialists
c. Was more popular in Europe than in the United States
d. Realized that he had made too many compromises
e. Planned a shrewd strategy for gaining Senate approval
Units XVI-XVIII THT
8. Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following EXCEPT
a. Denounce radical foreign ideas
b. Condemn un-American life-styles
c. Struggle to achieve economic prosperity
d. Shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries
e. Restrict immigration
9. The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against
a. Capitalism
b. New immigration laws passed in 1924
c. The nativist movements that had their origins in the 1850s
d. Race riots
e. The forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture
10. According to John Dewey, a teacher’s primary goal is to
a. Instill discipline and character in young people
b. Emphasize academic skills
c. Educate students for life by active learning methods
d. Undermine students’ naïve religious beliefs
e. Develop a sense of history
11. All of the following helped to make the prosperity of the 1920s possible EXCEPT
a. Government stimulation of the economy
b. Rapid expansion of capital
c. Increased productivity of workers
d. Perfection of assembly-line production
e. Advertising and buying
12. The automobile revolution resulted in all of the following EXCEPT
a. The consolidation of schools
b. The increased dependence of women on men
c. The spread of the suburbs
d. A loss of population in less attractive studies
e. Altered youthful sexual behavior
13. Margaret Sanger was noted for her advocacy of
a. Abortion rights
b. Women’s suffrage
c. Birth control
d. Free love
e. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
14. Jazz music was developed by
a. Latinos
b. Caribbean immigrants
c. Caucasian impresarios
d. American teenagers
e. American blacks
Units XVI-XVIII THT
15. Buying stock on margin meant purchasing
a. Only a few shares of stock
b. Inexpensive stock
c. Little-known stock
d. Risky or marginal stock
e. It on credit with only a small down payment
16. As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon placed the heaviest tax burden on
a. Middle-income groups
b. The wealthy
c. The working class
d. The business community
e. The estates of those deceased
17. ________________ was/were adversely affected by the demobilization policies adopted by the federal government at
the end of World War I.
a. The cement industry
b. The railroad industry
c. The shipping industry
d. Veterans
e. Organized labor
18. The non-business group that realized the most significant, lasting gains from World War I was
a. Labor
b. Blacks
c. The Ku Klux Klan
d. Women
e. Veterans
19. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the American policy of raising tariffs sky-high in the 1920s?
a. European nations raised their own tariffs
b. The postwar chaos in Europe was prolonged
c. International economic distress deepened
d. American foreign trade declined
e. The American economy slipped into recession
20. During Coolidge’s presidency, government policy was set largely by the interests and values of
a. Farmers and wage earners
b. The business community
c. Racial and ethnic minorities
d. Progressive reformers
e. Conservative New Englanders
21. In 1924, the Democratic party convention defeated by only one vote a resolution condemning
a. The Ku Klux Klan
b. Immigration restriction
c. Prohibition
d. Fundamentalism
e. Business monopolies
Units XVI-XVIII THT
22. As a result of America’s insistence that its Allies’ war debts be repaid in full, the
a. French and British demanded enormous reparations payments from Germany
b. German mark was ruined by drastic inflation
c. Allies borrowed money from Switzerland to repay the loans
d. Allies imposed enormously high taxes on their citizens
e. Allies demanded that the United States lower its tariffs
23. In America, the Great Depression caused
a. People to blame the economic system, not themselves, for their problems
b. A decade-long decline in the birthrate
c. An increase of foreign investment because prices were so low
d. A shift from Wall Street investment to investment in small, local businesses
e. A growing acceptance by business of the need for federal regulation
24. The major new agency established by the Hoover administration to address the deepening depression was the
a. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
b. National Recovery Administration (NRA)
c. Works Progress Administration (WPA)
d. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
e. Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
25. When the United States entered World War I, it was
a. Well prepared thanks to the foresight of Woodrow Wison
b. Well prepared militarily but not industrially
c. Well prepared for land combat but not for naval warfare
d. Well prepared industrially but not militarily
e. Poorly prepared to leap into global war
26. Women’s participation in the war effort contributed greatly to the fact that they
a. Became a large, permanent part of the American workforce
b. Finally received the right to vote
c. Were allowed to join the air force
d. Organized the National Women’s Party
e. All of these
27. Grievances of labor during and shortly after World War I include all of the following EXCEPT
a. The inability to gain the right to organize
b. War-spawned inflation
c. Suppression of the American Federation of Labor
d. Violence against workers by employers
e. The use of African Americans as strikebreakers
28. Most of the money raised to finance World War I came from
a. Confiscation of German property
b. Income taxes
c. Tariffs
d. Sale of armaments to Britain and France
e. Loans from the American public
Units XVI-XVIII THT
29. When the United States entered the war in 1917, most Americans did NOT believe that
a. The navy was obligated to defend freedom of the seas
b. It would be necessary to continue making loans to the Allies
c. The United States would have to ship war materiel to the Allies
d. Mobilization for war should be largely voluntary
e. It would be necessary to send a large American army to Europe
30. The chief difference between Woodrow Wilson and the parliamentary statesmen at the Paris peace table was that
Wilson
a. Lacked they popularity in Europe
b. Did not command a legislative majority at home
c. Brought some of his political opponents with him
d. Refused to play politics with the peace powers
e. Was not popular with his own people
31. Senate opponents of the League of Nations, as proposed in the Treaty of Versailles, argued that it
a. Failed to provide enough German financial reparations to the United States
b. Violated Wilson’s own Fourteen Points
c. Robbed Congress of its war-declaring powers
d. Isolated the United States from postwar world affairs
e. Was not fair enough to oppressed colonial peoples
32. Woodrow Wilson’s call for a “solemn referendum” in the presidential election of 1920 referred to
a. His belief that he ought to run for a third term so the public could vote for or against him
b. His belief in the moral unfitness of Senator Warren G. Harding for the presidency
c. His belief that the election should be focused on the single issue of the Treaty of Versailles
d. That women as first-time voters would essentially determine the outcome of the election
e. That a proposed constitutional amendment authorizing the League should be included on the ballot
33. Businesspeople used the red scare to
a. Establish closed shops throughout the nation
b. Break the backs of fledgling unions
c. Break the railroad strike of 1919
d. Secure passage of laws making unions illegal
e. Refuse to hire communists
34. Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of
a. Increased migration of blacks to the North
b. The nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans
c. A desire to ride the country of the quota system
d. The desire to halt immigration from Latin America
e. Growing concern about urban overcrowding
35. The most spectacular example of lawlessness and gangsterism in the 1920s was
a. New York City
b. New Orleans
c. Brooklyn
d. Chicago
e. Las Vegas
Units XVI-XVIII THT
36. Of the following, the one least related to the other four is
a. John T. Scopes
b. Clarence Darrow
c. Frederick W. Taylor
d. William Jennings Bryan
e. Dayton, Tennessee
37. In response to the need to develop greater and greater mass markets for their products, American business in the 1920s
relied especially on the new techniques of
a. Developing a large range of product variation
b. Price competition
c. Direct selling through catalogs and door-to-door solicitation
d. Consumer advertising
e. Government-backed guarantees of product performance
38. Henry Ford’s most distinctive contribution to the automobile industry was
a. Installment credit buying of cars
b. The internal combustion engine
c. Introducing a variety of automobile models with varied colors and styles
d. Design changes that improved speed
e. Production of a standardized, relatively inexpensive automobile
39. Automobiles, radios, and motion pictures
a. Were less popular than had been anticipated
b. Contributed to the standardization of American life
c. Had little impact on traditional life-styles and values
d. Were for the most part too expensive for ordinary working families
e. Strengthened American family life
40. Job opportunities for women in the 1920s
a. Expanded dramatically
b. Offered higher-paying positions than before
c. Were plentiful in Hollywood and radio
d. Existed mainly in the area of education
e. Tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields
41. The most influential classical film of the 1910s, D.W. Griffiths’ Birth of a Nation, stirred extensive protest by African
Americans because
a. The film was heavily financed by white racist Hollywood film business owners
b. The film depicted the black leader Marcus Garvey in an unfavorable light
c. African Americans were not allowed to see the film even in northern movie theaters
d. The film glorified the Ku Klux Klan and portrayed blacks as corrupt politicians or rapists
e. Griffiths refused to use black actors
42. The leading cultural critic of the 1920s, H.L. Mencken, attacked all of the following EXCEPT
a. The South
b. Patriotism
c. Technology
d. Democracy
e. Puritanism
Units XVI-XVIII THT
43. Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding
a. Sought to continue the same laissez-faire doctrine as had been the practice under William McKinley
b. Hoped to encourage the government to actively assist business along the path to profits
c. Sought to regulate the policies of large corporations
d. Aimed at supporting increased competition in business
e. Aided small business at the expense of big business
44. In the Adkins case, the Supreme Court ruled that
a. Federal child labor laws were unconstitutional
b. Women had the right to sue for equal pay for equal work
c. Anti-union “right to work” laws were constitutional
d. Women were no longer entitled to special protection in the workplace because they now had the vote
e. Federal maternity benefits designed for women did not constitute unequal treatment
45. The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
a. Formally ended World War I for the United States, which had refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles
b. Set a schedule for German payment of war reparations
c. Established a battleship ratio for the leading naval powers
d. Condemned Japan for its unprovoked attack on Manchuria
e. Officially outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry and conflict
46. The Teapot Dome scandal was centered around corrupt deals and bribes involving
a. Naval oil reserves
b. Veterans’ hospitals
c. The Bureau of Indian Affairs
d. European war debts
e. Presidential pardons
47. One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was
a. Overproduction
b. The inability to purchase modern farm equipment
c. Passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill
d. The prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust laws
e. Drought and insects like the boll weevil
48. In the early 1920s, one glaring exception to America’s general indifference to the outside world was its
a. Involvement in the World Court
b. Armed intervention in the Caribbean and Central America
c. Involvement in the League of Nations’ humanitarian operations
d. Naval buildup
e. Continued attempt to oust the Communists from power in the Soviet Union
49. America’s major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the Dawes Plan, which
a. Ended the big-stick policy of armed intervention in Central America and the Caribbean
b. Established a ratio of allowable naval strength between the United States, Britain, and Japan
c. Condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria
d. Aimed to prevent German re-armament
e. Provided a solution to the tangle of war-debt and war-reparations payments
Units XVI-XVIII THT
50. The Federal Farm Board, created by the Agricultural Marketing Act, lent money to farmers primarily to help them to
a. Organize producers’ cooperatives
b. Learn a new and more profitable trade
c. Open new land to cultivation
d. Purchase expensive new farm machinery
e. Take land out of production
51. President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be ended by doing all of the following EXCEPT
a. Providing direct aid to the people
b. Directly assisting businesses and banks
c. Keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial system
d. Continuing to rely on the American tradition of rugged individualism
e. Lending federal funds to feed farm livestock
52. President Hoover’s public image was severely damaged by his
a. Decision to abandon the principle of rugged individualism
b. Construction of Hoovervilles for the homeless
c. Agreement to provide a federal dole to the unemployed
d. Refusal to do anything to try to solve the Great Depression
e. Use of harsh military force to disperse the Bonus Army from Washington
53. President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War I by
a. Appealing to America’s tradition of intervening in Europe
b. Convincing the public of the need to make the world safe from the German submarine
c. Declaring it a crusade to “make the world safe for democracy”
d. Demonstrating how American national security would be threatened by a German victory
e. Insisting that the war would be fought primarily by the navy
54. During World War I, civil liberties in America were
a. Threatened by President Wilson but protected by the courts
b. Limited, but no one was actually imprisoned for his or her convictions
c. Violated mostly in the western United States
d. Protected for everyone except German Americans
e. Severely damaged by the pressures for loyalty and conformity
55. The enormous nationwide steel strike of 1919 resulted in
a. The eight-hour workday
b. A takeover of the steelworkers’ union by American Communists
c. Somewhat higher wages but no recognition of the steel union
d. A grievous setback for labor that crippled the union movement for a decade
e. General strikes of all workers that essentially shut down Seattle and Pittsurgh
56. In an effort to make economic mobilization more efficient during World War I, the federal government took over and
operated
a. The railroads
b. The merchant marine
c. The telephone and telegraph system
d. American agriculture
e. The steel mills
Units XVI-XVIII THT
57. The Senate likely would have accepted American participation in the League of Nations if Wilson had
a. Stuck to the principles of his own Fourteen Points
b. Guaranteed that American troops would never be used in League peacemaking operations
c. Actively campaigned for support from the American public
d. Been willing to compromise with League opponents in Congress
e. Run for re-election and won on a pro-League platform
58. Republican isolationists successfully turned Warren Harding’s 1920 presidential victory into a
a. Mandate for international arms reduction
b. Victory for idealism and social tolerance
c. Guarantee of U.S. military withdrawal from Latin America
d. Crusade against Bolshevik communism
e. Death sentence for the League of Nations
59. The most tenacious pursuer of radical elements during the red scare of the early 1920s was
a. Frederick W. Taylor
b. William Jennings Bryan
c. J. Edgar Hoover
d. F. Scott Fitzgerald
e. A. Mitchell Palmer
60. Cultural pluralists like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne generally advocated that
a. Spanish and German should be recognized as official languages of the United States along with English
b. Diverse religious beliefs could coexist peacefully in the United States
c. Immigrants to the United States could remain politically loyal to their original nations
d. Immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American melting
pot
e. A varied American cultural life should resist the bland standardization of mass culture
61. Besides controlling the illegal liquor industry, American gangsters in the 1920s earned rich profits from all of the
following activities EXCEPT
a. Prostitution
b. Gambling
c. Labor racketeering
d. Illegal drugs
e. Pornography
62. After the Scopes “Monkey Trial”
a. Fundamentalism disappeared outside the rural South
b. John Scopes was sentenced to serve time in jail
c. Christians found it increasingly difficult to reconcile the revelations of religion with modern science
d. The gap between theology and biology began to close
e. Fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life
Units XVI-XVIII THT
63. During the 1920s, large numbers of Americans were able to purchase relatively expensive automobiles, appliances, and
radios through the relatively new innovation of
a. Special sales and price reductions at certain times of year
b. Consumer credit
c. Big box discount stores
d. Consumer co-ops
e. Catalog sales
64. Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, was best known for his
a. Development of the gasoline engine
b. Thoughts on Darwinian evolution
c. Efforts to clean up polluted cities
d. Promotion of industrial efficiency with scientific management
e. Concern for worker safety
65. The 1920 census revealed that, for the first time, most
a. Men worked in manufacturing
b. Adult women were employed outside the home
c. Americans lived in cities
d. Americans lived in the trans-Mississippi West
e. Families had fewer than four children
66. To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans pointed to
a. Increased consumption of alcohol
b. The decline of fundamentalism
c. The rise of the women’s movement
d. The theories of Sigmund Freud
e. The influence of erotically explicit movies
67. All of the following are true of Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, EXCEPT
a. Promoted the resettlement of American blacks in Africa
b. Advocated the idea of developing an elite “talented tenth” to lead African American progress
c. Inspired strong feelings of self-confidence and self-reliance among blacks
d. Was convicted of mail fraud and deported by the U.S. government
e. Sponsored black-owned business enterprises
68. As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon placed the heaviest tax burden on
a. Middle-income groups
b. The wealthy
c. The working class
d. The business community
e. The estates of those deceased
69. During the 1920s, the Supreme Court
a. Often rued against progressive legislation
b. Rigorously upheld the antitrust laws
c. Generally promoted government regulation of the economy
d. Staunchly defended the rights of organized labor
e. Upheld laws providing special protection for women
Units XVI-XVIII THT
70. One exception to President Warren G. Harding’s policy of isolationism involved the Middle East, where the United
States sought to
a. Support a homeland for Jews in Israel
b. Prevent the League of Nations from establishing British and French protectorates in the region
c. Stop the Soviet Union from dominating the area
d. Secure oil-drilling concessions for American companies
e. Curb the rise of Arab nationalism
71. The Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-Smoot Tariff laws had the long-term effect of
a. Bringing American farmers out of the agricultural depression of the early 1920s
b. Encouraging the United States to turn more to Asia than to Europe for imports
c. Shrinking international trade and making it impossible for Europe to repay American war loans
d. Lowering the prices Americans paid for domestic manufactured goods
e. Pressuring the Europeans to lower their own tariff rates in order to retain American trade
72. In the mid-1920s, President Coolidge twice refused to sign legislation proposing to
a. Exempt farmers’ cooperatives from the antitrust laws
b. Defend the family farm against corporate takeovers
c. Make the United States a member of the World Court
d. Lower taxes
e. Subsidize farm prices
73. Senator Robert La Follette’s Progressive party advocated all of the following EXCEPT
a. Government ownership of railroads
b. Relief for farmers
c. Opposition to anti-labor injunctions
d. opposition to monopolies
e. increased power for the Supreme Court
74. America’s European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the United States made to them during
World War I because
a. The United States had owed them about $4 billion before the war
b. The amount of money involved was not significant
c. They had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt
d. The United States was making so much money from Mexican and Middle Easter oil that it did not need extra
dollars
e. Germany was not paying its reparations to them so they could not afford to pay off the loans
75. All of the following were political liabilities for Alfred E. Smith EXCEPT his
a. Catholic religion
b. Support for the repeal of prohibition
c. Big-city background
d. Failure to win the support of American labor
e. Radio speaking skill
Units XVI-XVIII THT
76. As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
a. American industry grew more secure
b. Duties on agricultural products decreased
c. American isolationism ended
d. Campaign promises to labor were fulfilled
e. The worldwide depression deepened
77. President Hoover’s approach to the Great Depression was to
a. Leave the economy alone to work itself out of trouble
b. Nationalize major industries
c. Encourage the states to stimulate spending
d. Work for the breakup of business monopolies
e. Offer federal assistance to businesses and banks but not individuals
78. The 1932 Stimson doctrine
a. Reversed the United States’ long-standing interventionist policy in Latin America
b. Committed the United States to join the League of Nations’ effort to impose economic sanctions against Japan
for its invasion of Manchuria
c. Announced the United States’ willingness to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy
d. Declared that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisition achieved by force of arms
e. Declared Japan and Germany rogue states