Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Comparing How 5 Metals React lab
By. Hyun Deok Hwang
1
Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
LAB: Some metals are more reactive than others
Background information:
Silver is a metal, gold is a metal but they are different colours. What else is different about them? You
probably know something is different between gold jewellery and silver jewellery.
Think: How do the two metals, gold and silver prove the title of this lab is true?
Chemists look for patterns in nature. Remember there are about 80 metals on the periodic table. Read
again the title of this lab. Think: What would a chemist want to know about the 80 metals? What use is
that information to Human Ingenuity?
You will be given 5 different metals. You will have iron, aluminium, copper, magnesium, and zinc. The acid
will be hydrochloric acid.
Design a fair test that will allow you to rank the five metals in order from most
reactive down to the one that is least reactive.
Format for this lab report:
You will be assessed only on the planning criteria for this lab, Criterion B (see below). This will include
sections A-G of How to write a lab report. The final report will be written using Microsoft Word and placed
into the Dropbox.
Need help getting started?
Use the knowledge that you gained from the activity, “How to control the rate of a chemical reaction.” The
same things you controlled in that activity will be required for this lab. If you do a good job of controlling
your variables then the only thing different in your trials will be the different types of metal.
Title: Reactivity of 5 different metals
Date: 07/03/2013 ~ 14/03/2013
Aim: How do 5 different metals react in different way by using hydrochloric acid and rank them in order
from most reactive to least reactive and define why chemist want to know about the 80 metals and What
use is that information to Human Ingenuity?
Title: Variables of 5 metals react-collaborative of the investigation
Identify the variables
Independent variable
5 different metals
Dependent variable
Reactivity Rate
Changed? Measured? Controlled?
There will be 5 different kinds of
metals which are Iron, Aluminium,
Copper, Magnesium and zinc.
It will be measured by stop watch at
the same time when the metal goes
into the hydrochloric acid. It will also
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
be judged visually with eyes.
It will be measured by temperature
and pH scale to make sure that this
experiment is fair enough.
Controlled variables/constants
Amount of Acid
Same temperature of acid
Same type of Materials
Follow the method
Measure time of duration of
reactivity rate
Type of acid
The acid will be kept at 2 full
droppers of hydrochloric acid
It will be kept as room temperature
Materials will be same size, volume
and made out of same ingredient.
The method will be used as guide to
make this experiment as a fair test.
The duration of reactivity rate will be
measured by stop watch.
The acid will be same kind and used
for all the trials
Hypothesis:
Before any experiment we are asked to predict what we think the answer will be. Think: How could you
find out what the order should be for these five metals? Write your hypothesis using the correct sentence:
If...then...because... (Be sure to explain why you made your guesses).
If 5 metals (Iron, Aluminium, Copper, Magnesium and zinc) interact with Hydrochloric Acid, the metals
with fewer electrons in the last shell (valence electrons) will have higher reactivity rate then stable atoms
that have exact amount of electrons and protons in every shells (2,8,18,32,52), because when an element
has only one or two electrons in its valence shell, but the valence shell is incomplete, the element forms
its own compound with full electrons in valence shell, therefore, if Metals have less electrons in the
valence shell, it will react faster and rapidly moves in the hydrochloric acid and make sounds and smells
while it is reacting.
Title: Calculation of metals in Valence equation and equation
Metals
Calculation (Right side: Valence equation)
Iron (Fe, 26)
Aluminium (Al, 13)
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Copper (Cu, 29)
Magnesium (Mg, 12)
Zinc (Zn, 30)
Equipment and Materials
 Iron 2g
 Aluminium 2g
 Copper 2g
 Magnesium 2g
 Zinc 2g
 Hydrochloric Acid (2 full droppers)
 Beaker (5x)
 Thermometer (x2)
 Time watch (x1)
 Periodic Table (to find elements’ atomic number and atomic symbol)
 Universal pH indicator paper
Method (step-by-step)
(Think in mind that SAFTY comes first)
- Hydrochloric acid is dangerous substance that can be harmful
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
-
Stay 1m away when experimenting 5 metals with hydrochloric acid
1. Gather the materials that are needed in the experiment
- Iron 2g
- Aluminium 2g
- Copper 2g
- Magnesium 2g
- Zinc 2g
- 200ml of Hydrochloric acid
- Beaker (5x)
- Periodic table
- Pencil
- Universal pH indicator
2. Put materials on the table
3. Organize the materials
4. Fill the 2 droppers fully with Hydrochloric acid evenly with gloves and safety goggles on
5. Tell the partner to time (nor put the metal into the acid)
6. Put the metal into Hydrochloric acid
7. Press the button to start timing the watch at the same time when dropping 10 drops of
hydrochloric acid
(Repeat this for 5 different metals).
8. Put the cap on the top of the tube to look at the reaction with tong
9. Put the tube with reacted metal on tube holder
10. Write the result on tablet or paper
11. Clean up the table and put the materials back to where it was
12. Bring the tablet back to the class and make the data table with graph
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Diagram of Apparatus
Title: Diagram of defining reactivity rate of 5 metals
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Data collection
Title: The reactivity
5 Metals react in
Hydrochloric acid
Iron
Aluminium
Copper
Magnesium
of 5 different metals in hydrochloric acid
Observations
When 10 drops of
hydrochloric was dropped
on the top of Iron, small
bubbles were formed
within 5 seconds of contact.
Iron was slowly dissolving
and had rusty surface after
the reaction.
When 10 drops of
hydrochloric was dropped
on the top of Aluminium,
nothing special happened.
It didn’t fizz or move like
other metals did. We could
unfold the slice of
aluminium because it was
thin layer of aluminium
used in real life.
When 10 drops of
Hydrochloric was dropped
on the top of copper, it
made small bubbles but not
fizzing like soda. Bubbles
were kept still until the
copper was out from
hydrochloric acid.
Copper changed its colour
brown to black. Copper was
able to be bent after
reacting hydrochloric acid.
When 10 drops of
hydrochloric was dropped
on the top of magnesium, it
started to fizz and float on
the surface. It was moving
side to side and bubbles
were stuck onto the
magnesium. It turned its
colour to white from black.
It made light smoke and
smelled like leaking
batteries.
Time (minute) it took
to end the reactivity
1.56
Temperature (.c)
0.00
26
3.55
26
2.14
32
24
The reaction time was short
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Zinc
but it had instant reaction.
The pH scale of hydrochloric
interacting to magnesium
when up by 5 steps (1 to 6).
When 10 drops of
hydrochloric was dropped
on the top of zinc (surface),
it didn’t show any reaction.
It had no smell or colour
change. It was not
breakable or can’t be bend
easily.
0.00
27
Rank from longer duration of reaction time
1. Copper
2. Magnesium
3. Iron
4. Aluminium/zinc
Title: the temperature of 5 different metals in hydrochloric acid when reacting
The temperature of 5 different metals in hydrochloric acid when reacting
5 different metals
Iron
Aluminium
Copper
Magnesium
Zinc
Quantitative data (.c, Celsius)
27
26
26
32
24
Room temperature (.c, Celsius)
23
23
23
23
23
Rank from Highest reactivity rate to the lowest:
1. Magnesium
2. Iron
3. Aluminium
4. Copper
5. Zinc
Title: Rate of pH scale indicator after interacting to hydrochloric acid
Rate of pH scale indicator after interacting to hydrochloric acid
5 different metals
Iron
Aluminium
Copper
Quantitative data (pH scale)
1
1
1
8
Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Magnesium
Zinc
5
3
Rank from Highest reactivity rate to the lowest:
1. Magnesium
2. Zinc
3. Copper
4. Aluminium
5. Iron
Processing and Presenting Data (Excel)
Title: Rate of temperature of 5 different metals when interacting with hydrochloric acid
The temperature of 5 different metals in
hydrochloric acid when reacting
35
30
25
Temperature (.c)
20
15
Temperature when reacting
with hydrochloiric acid
10
room temperature
5
0
5 different metal (substance)
Title: Rate of universal pH indicator after interacting with Hydrochloric acid
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Rate of Universal pH indicator after
interacting with Hydrochloric acid
14
12
10
Rate of pH scale 8
(pH)
6
Rate of Universal pH indicator
after interacting with
Hydrochloric acid
4
2
0
5 different metal (substance)
Rate of pH scale stayed at 1 or 3 (below rate of 4) when they had no reaction or less bass. Some
of substance turned out to be bass and made acid into base.
Title: Duration of reaction time of 5 metals with hydrochloric acid
Duration of reaction time
4:19
3:50
3:21
2:52
2:24
Duration of
reaction time (m) 1:55
1:26
Duration of reaction time
0:57
0:28
0:00
5 different metal (substance)
10
Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Conclusion
The aim was to find out how do 5 different metals react in different way by using hydrochloric acid and
rank them in order from most reactive to least reactive and define why chemist want to know about the
80 metals and What use is that information to Human Ingenuity. Hydrochloric acid showed different
ways of reacting while interacting with 5 different metals. Some of metals had reaction that was really
strong and can be seen with two eyes. However, few metals didn’t react at all and didn’t seem to
respond when mixing with hydrochloric acid. They had no chemical reaction or physical reaction. These
reactions were chosen to measure temperature, duration of reaction time and rate of pH scale after the
reaction. Measuring temperature turned out to be good that when a metal (magnesium) reacted
stronger against hydrochloric acid, the temperature started to rise up while the reaction was happening.
Molecules were moving faster when they met hydrochloric. All of the temperature of 5 metals with
hydrochloric acid rose up after the experiment from 23 (room temperature). Only 3 metals had reacted
to hydrochloric acid. The reaction kept on continuing for long period of time. Metals which didn’t
respond with hydrochloric acid, kept the pH scale of 1 or 2. However, Metals which reacted with
hydrochloric acid, kept the pH scale of 3~4. I think the result supported the result that metals which
reacted with hydrochloric acid had fewer amounts of electrons in the last shell (valence electrons). They
(magnesium) made sounds and smells while reacting with hydrochloric acid. When metal doesn’t have
enough electrons in the last shell, hydrochloric or other substance will try to fit in to the last shell and
make valence electrons in the last shell. When element forms its own compound with full electrons in
valence shell. Therefore, Metals which have fewer electrons in the valence shell, it will react faster and
rapidly moves in the hydrochloric acid (calculation above).
Evaluation
Weakness
Improvements
Size of metals
Metals had different shapes and weight and couldn’t be
breakable to make it same weight and size. To improve
this weakness, cut the metal accurately (same size,
weight) and put it in the hydrochloric acid.
Measuring the reactivity rate with eyes was not
accurate as possible. We could see what is happening
outside but not in the inside like chemical changes. To
improve this weakness, measuring with tool or set a
goal that measures temperature or etc (pH scale, time)
Some of metals kept on reacting. Therefore, it will be
better to measure the duration of strong reaction by
timer.
Measuring reactivity rate
Measuring the duration of reaction
The hypothesis was valid because it included both independent and dependent variables. Also, it
contained quantitative values that ensured that it could be measured. Method was valid because it
controlled all variables and followed every single step to make this lab as fair test. It also made a note
about safety and what will come after a step for this lab. Everything was measured and set as the basic
steps to make experiment interesting and fair. Over all, this lab was a fair test as possible. Metals with
different size can show different rate of reaction. Therefore, this lab wasn’t a fair test.
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
Criterion B: Inquiring and designing
Maximum: 8
Students should be able to:
describe a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
outline a testable hypothesis and explain it using reasoning
describe how to manipulate the variables, and describe how data will be collected
design scientific investigations.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Achievement
level
0
Level descriptor
The student does not reach a standard described by any of the descriptors given below.
The student:
1-2
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
attempts to state a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
is able to state a testable hypothesis
is able to state the variables
attempts to design a method.
The student is able to:
3-4
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
state a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
outline a testable hypothesis using scientific reasoning
outline how to manipulate the variables, and state how relevant data will be collected
design a safe method in which he or she selects materials and equipment.
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Name: Hyun Deok Hwang
Date15/03/2013
Science 8
The student is able to:
5-6
outline a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
outline and explain a testable hypothesis using scientific reasoning
outline how to manipulate the variables, and outline how sufficient, relevant data will be collected
design a complete and safe method in which he or she selects appropriate materials and equipment.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
The student is able to:
7-8
describe a problem or question to be tested by a scientific investigation
outline and explain a testable hypothesis using correct scientific reasoning
describe how to manipulate the variables, and describe how sufficient, relevant data will be collected
design a logical, complete and safe method in which he or she selects appropriate materials or
equipment.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Command terms
Describe
Give a detailed account or picture of a situation, event, pattern or process
Design
Produce a plan, simulation or model
Explain
Give a detailed account including reasons or causes
Outline
Give a brief account
State
Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation
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