High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Driver Operator Participant, The High Country Training Center has new training regimen for pump equipped vehicles. This skills check off is designed to be a turn over packet that will be completed by the DO and their assigned company officer. This packet will be completed over the course of the Summer/Fall months and signed off by the Company Officer for verification. The Company Officer's signature signifies that you as a Driver Operator are maintaining your skills pumping and driving skills in what may be unfamiliar apparatus. This signoff covers the operations of all vehicles and requires that the DO maintain familiarity with Dept.’s rolling stock. During the course of this skills packet, you will complete all required skills identified by state Pumper D/O JPRs that are required for maintaining the pumper certification. This was required of you when you held the certification and is a good skill reminder now that many of you have moved on to the aerial certification. This skill packet has four parts that you and your officer will work together to sign off. 1. Written pretest - This primer of sorts will prepare your mind for the D/O information you will need to access. Nothing is terribly hard or anything you haven't heard of before that will take place over the period. The questions will consist of normal everyday pumping apparatus questions as well as general apparatus operational knowledge questions. 2. Apparatus familiarization - Engineers must be familiar with vital department apparatus: aerials, tenders and type 6 apparatus. Reviewing this equipment will be required and assigned by officers. 3. Skills evaluation - This is a turn over sign off sheet that your officer and you will complete together. Each of these skills will represent elements that engineers need to be up to date on. You will hold on to this skills packet throughout the period until it is complete. Skills will include paperwork on the following: Vehicle Inspection Driving Course Cone Rodeo Course Written Hydraulics skill problems Pumping Exercises 4. Final Test - After you have completed the above assignments, you will schedule 1 hour at HCTC for a final written exam. Similar to your pretest, you will complete a written exam that will test your knowledge about Driver Operator SOPs specific to your department. High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 2014 Driver Operator Skill Check Sheet Name Department Station CMFD LDFR RW&B A Shift B C Officer Engineer Pre-Test Written Pre-Test; included within this material packet must be completed by the D/O skills candidate Section Completed: _______________Officer's Initials Vehicle Inspection/review DOP JPR 1 NFPA 1002, 5.1.1 Apparatus maintenance checks/familiarization utilizing department inspection form on apparatus assigned to your station that you are responsible for maintaining under your officer's discretion. Apparatus familiarization with surrounding station apparatus (ie. wildland, tenders, aerials, etc.) Complete SFA performance sheet on assigned apparatus DOA Certified personnel: Complete a 2nd apparatus check on your dept.’s aerial if not assigned as a primary vehicle. (DOA JPR#1 NFPA 1002, 6.1.1) Complete training roster for training hours Section Completed: _______________Officer's Initials Driving Apparatus DOP JPR 2, 3, 4 NFPA 1002, 5.1 Complete a pre-trip driving inspection as indicated by SFA driving worksheet Complete SFA driving course found within this packet Complete at least one supervised emergency response Acting D/O’s must document at least 3 shifts as the Driver operator during the skill check period. DOA Certified personnel: Complete a 2nd driving apparatus check on your dept. aerial if not assigned as a primary vehicle. (DOA JPR#1 NFPA 1002, 6.1) DOA personnel must document at least 1 shift as the Driver Operator during the skill check period if not assigned to the vehicle Complete training roster for training hours Section Completed: _______________Officer's Initials Driver Operator Cone Rodeo: DOP JPR 5,6,7,8 NFPA 1002, 4.3.5; 5.1; 6.1.2 Cone distances vary for apparatus. Agreed upon specifics are available through HCTC Complete all cone rodeo courses as diagramed within this packet at HCTC o Alley Dock Exercise o Serpentine Exercise o Confined Space turn-around Exercise o Diminishing clearance Exercise DOA Certified personnel: Those not assigned to aerial response apparatus must complete their cone rodeo in an aerial apparatus to maintain their certification. This must be done on a regular basis to maintain your proficiency with the apparatus as well as your certification. (DOA JPR 5-8 NFPA 1002, 6.1.2) Section Completed: _______________Officer's Initials High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Hydraulic Calculation Exercises Complete all 6 hydraulic exercises included within this packet o Simple attack line exercise o multiple attack line exercise o FDC exercise o Elevated master stream exercise o Wildland water supply exercise o Tender water supply exercise Complete training roster for training hours Section Completed: _______________Officer's Initials Pump Exercises DOP JPR 9, 10a-10f, 11, 12a-12d, 13a, 15 NFPA 1002, 5.2.1 Complete all assigned SFA DO Skill check-offs included within this packet. o Pump skills #1: Single Hose line o Pump Skills #2: Multiple Hose lines Complete training roster for training hours Section Completed: _______________Officer's Initials Aerial Device DO Skills DOA 9, 10a-10c, 13, 14 NFPA 1002, 6.2 (Specific to aerial D/O only) Complete assigned SFA DO Skills Check-offs included within this packet. o Aerial Skills #1 Stabilization o Aerial Skills #2 Operations Complete training roster for training hours Section Completed: _______________Officer's Initials I certify that all elements of the Driver Operator Skills packet have been completed in accordance with department policy and in the interests of maintaining skills through routine practice. Driver Operator Signature: ________________________________Date: __________________ Company Officer Signature: ________________________________Date: _________________ Battalion Officer Signature: _________________________________Date: _________________ All skill packet requirements are due to HCTC by December 1st 17:00 High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Engineer Pre-Test 1. In general, to what vehicular laws are driver operators in Summit County subject to? a. Only those set forth by NFPA standard 1500 b. Laws concerning emergency equipment operation only. c. All state laws, statues and ordinances that govern any vehicle on the road d. Laws only apply to mere mortals; not those who drive fire apparatus 2. Which of the following provide most of the slowing action when stopping an apparatus? a. Engine brakes b. Parking brakes c. Catalytic converters d. Braking retarders 3. Which of the following is reaction distance? a. The sum of the driver's reaction distance and the vehicles braking distance. b. The distance the vehicle travels from the time the brake is applied until the apparatus come to a complete stop. c. The scanning a driver does to assure that evasive action can be taken if needed. d. The distance the vehicle travels while a driver is transferring the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after perceiving the need for stopping. 4. Remember that it takes _____ times more distance to come to a complete stop on snow and ice than it does on dry pavement. a. 2 to 3 b. 3 to 15 c. 4 to 20 d. 5 to 25 5. How should wildland apparatus be positioned at a fire a. Facing the fire b. Facing a fire break c. Facing the exit direction d. facing away from the exit direction 6. Level I staging is considered: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 7. Level II staging is considered: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 8. Which of the following is the equation for determining pump discharge pressure (PDP) a. PDP=NP - TPL b. PDP=NP + TPL c. PDP= NP x TPL d. PDP= NP / TPL 9. Summit County Total Pressure Loss (TPL) is determined by the following factors: a. 𝑓𝑙 + 𝑛𝑝 ± 𝑒𝑙 + 𝑎𝑝 𝑝−𝑝 b. 𝐶𝑝 = 1 2𝑒 𝑝𝑉𝑒 2 c. 𝐸 = 𝑀𝐶 2 𝜕 −ℎ2 d. 𝑖ℎ 𝜕𝑡 Ψ(𝑟, 𝑡) = [ 2𝑚 ∇2 + 𝑉(𝑟, 𝑡)] Ψ(𝑟, 𝑡) 10. Solid stream nozzles should be operated at ___ psi on hand lines a. 45 psi b. 50 psi c. 70 psi d. 80 psi 11. Solid stream nozzles should be operated at ___ psi on a portable master stream a. 45 psi b. 50 psi c. 70 psi d. 80 psi 12. The theoretical formula for calculating friction loss is: .0505𝑥 𝑄𝑥√𝑁𝑃 a. True b. False 13. The theoretical formula for calculating GPM from a smooth opening is: 29.7𝑥 𝑑 2 √𝑁𝑃 a. True b. False 14. The theoretical formula for calculating friction loss is: 𝐶𝑄 2 𝐿 a. True b. False 15. The theoretical formula for calculating friction loss is: 29.7𝑥 𝑑 2 √𝑛𝑝 a. True b. False High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Written Hydraulic Calculation #1 Indicate in the columns below the correct pressures and pump information Engine is on level ground with all hand lines Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 NP FL EL +/PDP Hydrant adds 35 psi PDP GPM Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Written Hydraulic Calculation #2 ENGINE 1 3" Supply NP FL AP EL +/GPM ENGINE 2 Line 1 PDP 5" Supply Line 1 NP FL Hydrant adds 50 PSI EL +/PDP Line 2 Line 2 High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Written Hydraulic Calculation #3 Engine is on level ground with Motel ENGINE Green Purple Tan NP FL AP EL +/GPM Hydrant adds 50 psi and 450 GPM PDP FDC Orange High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Written Hydraulic Calculation #4 ** Assume that the engine will be pumping the entire operation w/o assistance from aerial** Engine is on level ground with aerial apparatus ENGINE Supply 1 Supply 2 PDP NP FL AP EL +/GPM Hydrant adds 65 PSI TOWER 5" Supply Line 1 Line 2 Pre-piped waterway w/ ADJ. Master @ 1500 GPM NP FL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Written Hydraulic Calculation #5 Type 6 Wildland NP FL AP EL +/GPM PDP West Line East Line Supply High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Written Hydraulic Calculation #6 Can a proposed line be added under the current circumstances? Yes No If so, complete the proposed line section; if no line can be added indicate the reasons why: Engine NP FL AP EL +/GPM PDP Tenders: Line 1 GPM Supplied: Line 2 Supply Proposed Line High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 DO SKILLS CHECK-OFF SKILL SHEETS High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off /Vehicle Inspection Task: Standard: Perform the specified routine tests, inspections, and service functions that are indicated by your department for a given apparatus. Follow department specified truck checks; assuring that you meet below indicated criteria areas NFPA 1002, 5.1.1 DOP NFPA 1002, 6.1.1 DOA Candidate must follow established department inspection criteria as reference CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE 1 Battery (ies)/ Electrical system 2 Braking/ tires, wheels 3 Powerplant/Belts/ Coolant System 4 Drive train/ Steering system/Shocks/Springs 5 Fuel/Oil/Hydraulic fluid 6 Inspection of the water tank/Pump and foam system 7 Tools /appliances and equipment carried PASS Overall Results (Candidate must Pass all Sections) OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off/ Driving Apparatus Task: Standard: 1. Demonstrate the ability to prepare the vehicle to be driven safely 2.Operate an engine or aerial along a predetermine route while incorporating the maneuvers and features specified in the following list. NFPA 1002, 5.1 DOP NFPA 1002, 6.1 DOA Candidate must follow established department inspection criteria as reference CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE PASS 1 Check and adjust driver's seat 2 Check and adjust vehicle mirrors 3 Fasten seatbelt prior to placing the vehicle in motion 4 4 left turns 5 4 right turns 6 1 mile of urban business street 7 1 through intersection and 2 intersections that stops must be made 8 1 curve right or left 9 Limited access divided hwy entrance and exit 10 Downgrade steep enough requiring a gear change to maint. speed 11 Upgrade steep enough requiring a gear change to maintain speed 12 Underpass or low clearance bridge Overall Results (Candidate must Pass all Sections) OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off/ Cone Rodeo Demonstrate the ability to safely maneuver apparatus through indicated cone exercises. Exercises requires driver operator to utilize all resources including spotters and situational awareness to avoid hitting cones within the course boundaries. Courses are specified below Task: Standard: NFPA 1002, 5.1 DOP NFPA 1002, 6.1 DOA Apparatus are different sizes. Agreed upon cone arrangements have been made for SFA governed apparatus. CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE PASS D/O will perform the following tests: 1 Alley Dock DO JPR 5 2 Serpentine DO JPR 6 3 Confined Space Turn Around DO JPR 7 4 Diminishing Clearance DO JPR 8 Passing Criteria Candidate may not hit any cones during testing Apparatus must remain within the testing area at all times Candidate must remain aware of the vehicles location at all times Candidate must signal using the apparatus horn when each test is done Overall Results (Candidate must Pass all Sections) OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off / Pumping Skills #1 Single Hoseline Task: Standard: Produce an effective fire stream from an attack line. Pre-connected hand line may be the diameter of your choosing and may have a smoothbore or fog nozzle. Calculate the proper pump discharge pressure so that the correct flow rate is achieved and maintained throughout the exercise. NFPA 1002, 5.2.1 DOP Only DOPJPR standards are represented through the pumping skill section Candidate must follow individual department pumping SOPs throughout skill evaluation CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE PASS 1 Prepare the apparatus/place apparatus in pump gear DO JPR 9 2 Produce an effective stream to the 2nd floor DOP 10a 3 Produce an effective stream to the Ground floor DOP 10b 4 Produce an effective stream to the 3rd floor DOP 10c 5 Produce an effective stream to the Downhill DOP 10d 6 Produce an effective stream to the Uphill DOP 10e 7 Produce an effective stream to the 1st floor DOP 10f Overall Results (Candidate must Pass all Sections) OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off / Pumping Skills #2 Multiple Hoselines Task: Standard: Produce an effective hand or master stream given the specified task. Insure the proper pump discharge pressure so that the correct flow rate is achieved and maintained throughout the exercise. NFPA 1002, 5.2.1 DOP Only DOPJPR standards are represented through the pumping skill section Candidate must follow individual department pumping SOPs throughout skill evaluation CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE PASS 1 Transfer from tank to pressurize water source DOP 11 2 Multiple hoselines w/smoothbore nozzles +/- # of floors DOP 12a 3 Multiple hoselines w/smoothbore nozzles different elevations. DOP 12b 4 Multiple hoselines w/FOG Nozzles different elevation DOP 12c 5 Multiple hoselines gated wye/ FOG Nozzles DOP 12d 6 Supply water to sprinkler or standpipe system DOP 13a 7 Restore pumper to service DOP 15 Overall Results (Candidate must Pass all Sections) OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off/ Aerial #1 Stabilization Task: Standard: Prepare aerial apparatus for the use of the hydraulic system by assuring that the aerial device and all of its devices can be safely deployed. NFPA 1002, 6.2.2 DOA Skills sheet all referenced to DOA JPR 9&15 Candidate must follow established department inspection criteria as reference CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE PASS 1 Ensure the apparatus placement is correct for using the aerial 2 Parking brakes deployed 3 Activate PTO system as specified by manufacturer 4 Check for overhead obstructions 5 Chock wheels as indicated by SOP or manufacturer instruction 6 Check travel path of stabilizers for obstructions/limitations 7 Check ground surface for stability conditions 8 Deploy and properly place stabilizer pads 9 Properly deploy stabilizers 10 Raise apparatus as specified by manufacturer 11 Lock stabilizers as specified by manufacturer 12 Perform routine inspection/service of aerial device DOA 15 Overall Results (Candidate must Pass all Sections) OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off/ Aerial #2 Operation Task: Standard: Maneuver and position the aerial device from each control station through the listed series of skills assuring that the aerial device is safely operated and properly positioned for the skill identified. as a function of all skills. NFPA 1002, 6.2.2 DOA Candidate must follow established department inspection criteria as reference CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE PASS 1 Safety devices in place per SOP and manufacturer recommendations 2 Verify intended path of aerial device is free of obstructions 3 Operate aerial for victim rescue DOA 10a 4 Operate aerial for Roof Operations DOA 10b 5 Operate aerial for Horizontal Ventilation Operations DOA 10c 6 Use emergency controls to lower aerial device DOA 13 7 Restore aerial to service DOA 14 Passing Criteria: 8 Elevate, Rotate, Extend, Lower, and Align aerial ladder rungs 9 Refer to aerial load chart for proper ladder and tip loads 10 Give firefighter permission to climb ladder Overall Results (Candidate must Pass all Sections) OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 D/O Skills Check Off/ Wildland Apparatus (All Types) Task: Standard: 1. Demonstrate the ability to prepare the wildland vehicle to be driven and operated safely 2.Operate wildland along a predetermine route while incorporating the maneuvers 3. Operate wildland pump and utilized wildland specific equipment for familiarization NFPA 1906 Candidate must follow established department inspection criteria as reference 1 CANDIDATE PERFORMANCE Perform the specified routine tests, inspections, and service functions that are indicated by your department for the wildland apparatus. 2 Identify specific vehicle features such as tool and hose location 3 Identify pump/tank and foam capacity. 4 Review, inspect, familiarize, and maintain tools and equipment on apparatus 5 6 Complete driving test as indicated in skill test: "Driving Apparatus" 7 Complete cone course as indicated in skill test: "Cone Rodeo" Utilize vehicle pump in the following manner a. Tank to pump with various hose configuration found on apparatus b. Drafting situation utilizing hard suction on apparatus c. Application of class A foam (if applicable) 8 Review: Fire Orders, Watch out Situations, and LCES OFFICER COMMENTS: Candidate (Print): Candidate (Sign): Officer (Print): Officer (Sign): Date: PASS FAIL High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Pump Chart Reference Formulas Pump Capacity: FL=CQ2L PDP=NP=FL+/-EL+AP GPM= 29.7 x D2 x √NP Nozzle Reaction: Smooth bore= 1.57 x D2 x NP Fog Nozzle= .0505 x Q x √NP Situational Guidelines 150 PSI 100 % Capacity 200 PSI 70 % Capacity 250PSI 50 % Capacity Atmospheric Pressure: 14.7 PSI @ Sea Level =33.9' lift 1/2 PSI loss per 1000' EL gain 10.2 PSI @ 9000 ft = 11.2' th. lift Relay Ops ± 175 Intake residual: 20 PSI Fog Nozzles - 100 PSI Smoothbore Handline - 50 PSI Smooth Bore Master - 80 PSI Fog Nozzles Handline--1 3/4" Fog 100 PSI NP Handlines--2 1/2" Fog 100PSI NP GPM 100' 150' 200' 250' 300' GPM 100' 150' 200' 250' 300' 350' 100 125 150 175 115 125 135 140 125 140 155 175 130 150 170 190 140 160 190 215 145 175 205 235 200 250 300 350 110 115 120 125 110 120 130 135 115 125 140 150 120 130 150 160 125 140 160 175 130 145 170 185 Smoothbore Handline--1 3/4" Smooth 50 PSI NP TIP 7/8 15/16 1 Handline--2 1/2" Smooth 50 PSI NP GPM 100' 150' 200' 250' 161 185 210 90 103 118 110 80 153 130 106 186 150 183 221 TIP 1" 1 1/8 1 1/4 GPM 100' 150' 200' 250' 300' 210 266 328 60 65 70 65 70 85 70 80 95 75 85 105 75 90 115 Highrise Operations PDP= NP+FL +/-EL+AP (Account for all hose back to the standpipe first) Sprinkler Systems - 150 PSI + Sprinkler/Standpipe FDC Insertion Loss - 25 psi ↑ +5 PSI FL per floor up ↑ ↓ -5 PSI FL per floor down ↓ Siamese Lines 2- 2 1/2" ** Does not include Appliance 2- 3" **Does not include Appliance GPM 100' 200 300 400 500 GPM 100' 200 300 400 500 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 800 1000 0 5 5 5 10 15 20 30 50 0 5 10 10 15 25 35 65 100 5 10 15 20 25 40 55 95 150 5 10 20 25 30 50 70 130 200 10 15 25 30 40 60 90 160 n/a 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 800 1000 0 1 2 2 3 5 10 15 20 1 3 4 5 6 10 20 25 40 2 4 5 7 10 15 30 35 60 4 5 7 10 13 20 30 50 80 4 6 9 12 16 25 40 60 100 High Country Training Center 0225 County Rd. 1003 PO Box 1132 Frisco CO 80443 Phone (970) 668-4330 Fax (970) 668- 4342 Friction Loss Larger Dia. Hose GPM 2 1/2" 3" 5" 200 8 250 13 5 300 18 7 Friction Loss per 100' Hose 500 750 1000 50 20 45 80 5 8 1250 1500 2000 125 13 18 32 Foam Application 200 psi at the educator 200 feet max from eductor to nozzle - Open Nozzle all the way Run Clean Water through the eductor @ 200 psi after use App. Co. = .16 when using 3% or 6% (AFFF) for Polar Solvents (Alcohols) App. Co. = .10 when using 2% or 3% (AFFF) for Polar Solvents (Gasoline) Static Drop (STATIC - RESIDUAL) * 100/STATIC = % FOR ADDITIONAL LINES 0-10% DROP FROM STATIC TO RESIDUAL = ADD 3 TIMES CURRENT GPM OUTPUT 11-15% DROP FROM STATIC TO RESIDUAL = ADD 2 TIMES CURRENT GPM OUTPUT 16-20% DROP FROM STATIC TO RESIDUAL = ADD 1 TIMES CURRENT GPM OUTPUT SPACE FOR ON SCENE CALCULATIONS