Supporting Methods Methods S1 Genotying mutant alleles For genotyping point-mutant alleles, the following primers were used: Name Primer length PCR product cut by paps1-1 dCAPS oSV126/166 210 mutant by EcoRI pad4-1 CAPS GTO295/296 452 WT by BsmFI npr1-1 dCAPS GTO181/182 286 WT by NlaIII jar1-1 dCAPS GTO158/159 130 WT by BglI ap2-1 dCAPS GTO23/24 309 mutant by Hpy188I eds1-2 Indel GTO293/294 WT 1359, mutant 420 For genotyping T-DNA insertion alleles, gene-specific primers (called LP and RP primer) that flank the T-DNA insertion site, and a T-DNA right border primer (BP) were used. These are listed below Oligonucleotide Sequence Description name oSV166 oSV126 GTO295 genotype paps1-1 genotype paps1-1 genotype pad4-1 TAATGCCCATCATTACTCCTGCGAAT GCTTTGTTTGATTCCATAGC AGATTCAATGGTACAAAGATCGTT GTO296 GTO181 GTO182 GTO158 TCTCGCCTCATCCAACCACTCTT ATAAGGCACTTGACTCGGATG AGTGCGGTTCTACCTTCCAA TTTCTCAGTGTGTGTGTTTTTGATCATCAGAT GTO159 GTO293 CTGTTTCTGAAGGCAAAAGCAGTGCGAA ATATTGTCCCTCGGATTATGCT GTO294 oSV100 oSV91 oSV126 oSV78 oSV77 oSV79 oSV120 oSV121 GTO151 GTO152 ML437 oSV139 ML438 CTCCAAGCATCCCTTCTAATGT TCTCGTACAATCCAACATCTTG AGTGTCCAACTCTCCAAGTTTC GCTTTGTTTGATTCCATAGC TGGGACCTAGACATGCAACTAG TGTGAAGTAAACTCAACCCAGAC GGTCTTCTATCAATGGAATTG ACATGGAGATGTTGAACTGCC CCACTGTTCCACGTATATCAAAC TTGAAACCTTCGAAATATAAG GTGGTGAAGAACTTGAAAGA TGGTTCACGTAGTGGGCCATCG AACGTCCGCAATGTGTTATTAAGTTGTC TTCATAACCAATCTCGATACAC genotype pad4-1 genotype npr1-1 genotype npr1-1 genotype jar1-1 a35S::NPR1::GFP genotype jar1-1 genotype eds1-2 genotype eds1-2 genotype paps1-2 LP genotype paps1-2 RP primer genotype paps1-3 LP primer genotype paps1-3 RP primer genotype paps1-4 LP primer genotype paps1-4 RP primer genotype paps2-3 LP primer genotype paps2-3 RP primer genotype pad3-1 LP primer genotype pad3-1 RP Primer BP primer for SALKPrimer BP primer for WsTDNA BP primer for SAILTDNA TDNA qRT-PCR Primers used for the different genes are listed below. Gene Name AGI code PDF2 At1g13320 PR1 PR2 AT2G14610 AT3G57260 Sequence fw GCATTTCACTCCTCTGGCTAAG rev GGCACTTGGGTATGCAATATG fw TGTGCCAAAGTGAGGTGTAAC rev TGATGCTCCTTATTGAAATACTGATAC fw GGTGTCGGAGACCGGTTGGC SID2 AT1G74710 AT5G62730 At1g09500 At5g24780 rev CCCTGGCCTTCTCGGTGATCCA fw TGAAGCAACAACATCTCTACAGGCG rev CCCGAAAAGGCTCGGCCCAT fw TCTTCGCCGCTTCCTATAAC rev AACTCCATCATACCGGCTAGAG fw CTCCTACAGAAACAAGCCTTAGAG rev GACCTGCAAGGAATAACAAGTAAC fw AATGGGCTGATTTGGTTGAG rev GTGCCAAAACGGCTACAAAG Phenotypic analysis, measurements of organ and cell sizes Petals were dissected from the 6th to 15th flowers and used for measurements. For leaves, the 4th and 5th leaves of plants at the bolting stage or the entire rosette were taken for measurements. To measure organ size, the organs were placed with forceps onto Sellotape. Once all organs were collected, the tape was stuck onto a black Perspex sheet for petals or on a blank white paper sheet for leaves. The organs were scanned with a resolution of 3600 dpi in greyscale (8-bit, petals) or 1200 dpi colour image (leaves) using the HP Scanjet 4370. The organ size was then measured using the Image Processing and Analysis in Java (ImageJ) software (http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/).