Chapters 27, 28 & 29: Phylum Chordata
Name:_______________________
CHORDATES
chordates:
endoskeleton:
Invertebrates=
Vertebrates=
VERTEBRATE CHARACTERISTICS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7 CLASSES OF VERTEBRATES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1
FISHES
What structures do they have for breathing?
3 CLASSES
1.
2.
3.
CLASS AGNATHA (JAWLESS FISH)
Lack :
Lampreys
Characteristics:
Hagfish
Characteristics:
CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES (CARTILAGINOUS FISH)
cartilaginous fishes:
Includes:
SHARKS
Streamlined bodies and swift swimmers
Dorsal fins =
Lateral fins=
Why do they need to swim constantly?
2
SPECIAL FEATURES
Lateral line:
Electrosensor (Lorenzini ampoules):
RAYS & SKATES
Obtain food by:
Physical Features:
Largest wingspan = ___________
CLASS OSTEICHTHYES (BONY FISH)
~30,000 species
54% of vertebrates
CHARACTERISTICS
operculum:
Function:
Sensory:
Outer mucus layer
Function:
Feeding:
3
INTERNAL FEATURES
Air Sac “swim bladder”
Function:
Two-chambered heart
Ventricle =
Atrium =
Reproduction
How?
DIVERSITY
Order Actinopterygii
Order Actinistia
Order Dipnoi
CLASS AMPHIBIA
Where do they live?
What did the first vertebrates on land look like?
CHARACTERISTICS
Larva
Found in _____________
Shell?
Tadpole:
Adult
Characteristics:
4
INTERNAL FEATURES
3-chambered heart
Why is it more efficient than a 2-chambered heart?
Ectotherm:
DIVERSITY
Order Anura (Frogs)
AKA:
Physical Traits:
Toad =
Eating:
Defense:
Order Urodela (Salamanders)
AKA:
Physical Traits:
Aquatic:
Terrestrial:
Feeding:
Order Apoda (Caecilians)
AKA:
Adaptations
Location:
5
IMPORTANT TERMS
Reproduction
Oviparous:
Ovoviviparous:
Viviparous:
Body Heat
Ecotherms:
Endotherms:
CLASS REPTILIA
Examples:
First animals to…
Adaptations for land:
1.
2.
CHARACTERISTICS
Endotherm or Ectotherm?
Molt:
Skin:
Feet have _________________
________ pairs of legs
6
INTERNAL CHARACTERISTICS
Amniotic egg (birds, reptiles, mammals):
Internal or External Fertilization?
Breathing apparatus:
How many chambers in their heart?
TURTLES AND TORTOISES (Order Testudines)
Little change since the Mesozoic Era
Shell:
Jaw:
Tortoises
Habitat:
Food:
Turtles
Habitat:
Food:
LIZARDS AND SNAKES (Order Squamata)
Lizards
Characteristics:
Snakes
Characteristics
7
CROCODILES AND ALLIGATORS (Order Crocodilia)
Most closely related to __________________
Hunting:
_____-chambered heart
Brain development:
Complex social behavior
Examples:
What are some differences between crocodiles and alligators?
CLASS AVES
Where are they found?
What distinguishes them from other animals?
Evolved from __________________
CHARACTERISTICS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
GROUPS OF BIRDS
Perching:
Grasping:
Predator:
Swimming:
Wading:
FEATHERS
Function:
Types:
GROOMING
molting:
preening:
BEHAVIOR
What behaviors show that birds are intelligent?
9
CLASS MAMMALIA
Evolved __________ million years ago
Therapsids:
CHARACTERISTICS
Mammary glands:
Hair:
INTERNAL CHARACTERISTICS
Lungs:
Diaphragm:
_________-chambered heart
MONOTREMES
Mammals that …
Only 2 species:
Reptile characteristics:
MARSUPIALS
“pouched mammals”
Examples:
How does the embryo develop?
10
PLACENTAL
How does the embryo develop?
Placenta:
Amnion:
Examples:
ORDER
CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES
Rodentia
Chiroptera
Lagomorpha
Carnivora
Cetacea
Sirenia
Ungulates
Artiodactyla
Perissodactyla
Insectivora
Proboscidea
Primates
11