Situational Analysis
advertisement
Basic facts about Bugiri Local Government Location Bugiri District local government is located in the south eastern part of Uganda. It lies between longitudes 33 degrees 10 minutes east and 34 degrees 0 minutes east and latitudes 0 degrees 06 minutes north and 1 degree 12 minutes north. Districts along its boarders are Tororo to the northeast, Iganga to the west, Namutumba to the North West, Mayuge to the southwest and Namayingo to the east. The district is 178 km away from the capital city Kampala. Topography The land is generally characterized by gentle undulating hills with few higher residual features. A narrow and generally higher accentuated relief to the south forms a watershed between Lake Victoria drainage and northern drainage. The major swamps are Igogero,and Kibimba. The major hills are Irimbi, Bululu and Namakoko Climate Bugiri district has a mean annual rainfall of 1200mm in the wetter south and 900 mm in the drier northwest. Within the wetter south precipitation varies. The southern parts of the district receive between 1,000mm to 1,500mm of rainfall per year. The northern part is relatively drier with an average of 650mm while the northwest is drier with a precipitation between 500mm and 450mm. In general there are two peak rainfall seasons in a year, that is, from April to June and from August to November. The two are punctuated by a dry season from December to March. Rainfall is important to the life of the people of the district as they depend on rain fed agriculture, its timing and intensity creates an impact on the agricultural productivity in district, however rainfall is no longer reliable and difficult to predict making it difficult for farmers to plan for the agricultural seasons properly. The temperatures range of 16.7 to 28.1 with the month of being the hottest. The average wind speed is 4.4 km/hr, mainly blowing towards the north during March. Soils The soils covering most of the district are mainly loamy and sand loams. These soils have fine textile with rather loose structure, which are easily eroded and leached. Most soils are acidic. Soil types in the district include: Yellow - red sandy, clay loams soils varying from dark grey to dark which are slightly acidic and mainly derived from granite, gneissic and sedimentary rocks. They occur on gently undulating - hilly topography. Brown - yellow clay loams with laterite horizon with a variety of dark brown to dark greyish brown, which are slightly acidic. These occur on flat ridge tops or as of undulating topography. Light - grey- white mottled loamy soils with laterite horizon ground, structure-less loamy sands. They are acidic - allocative and mainly found on the lower and bottom slopes. 1 Population and Area Analysis Bugiri district now has a total area 1,607 sq km with about 962 sq km of land and the rest 735 sq km being water shade. The projected district total population stands at 390,076 persons with 188,462 males and 201,614 females as shown in the table below. Population Distribution by sex by Administrative Unit Sub County Males Budhaya Bulesa Bulidha Buluguyi Buwunga Iwemba Kapyanga Muterere Nabukalu Nankoma Bugiri Town Council Total 13,843 19,431 12,398 15,570 22,687 9,891 29,361 13,550 18,122 20,085 13,524 Females 14,636 20,932 13,208 16,423 24,292 10,108 31,350 14,478 18,685 22,013 15,489 201,614 Total 28,479 40,363 25,606 31,993 46,979 19,999 60,711 28,028 36,807 42,098 29,013 390,076 188,462 Sub County Population based on the 2014Census. The Administrative Structure Bugiri District is sub divided into 10 sub counties and 1 Town Council. There are 66 parishes and 5 town boards with a total of 377 villages as shown below; List of sub counties, parishes and villages in Bugiri district; Sub county 1. Bulidha (16 Villages) Parish 1.Nabigingo 2.Bulidha 3.Makoma 4.Wakawaka 2. Buluguyi (26 Villages) 5. Buluguyi 2 Village Mufuumi Mayoole Nabigingo Nakygereike Itoolo Nansaga Nagongera Matyama Isakabisolo Busano Makoma Businda Busakira Wakawaka Kibuye Nakawa Buluguyi Kitovu Bubwoki Lugano 6.Bugayi 7.Bufunda Buyindi Namuwombi Butundula Bugai Bulesi Gaunyire Bufunda A Bufunda B 8.Nsango 9.Muwayo 3. Muterere(30 Villages) 10. Muterere Town Board 11.Muterere Rural 12. Kitumba 13.Bululu 14.Kayogera 4. Bulesa (30 Villages) 15. Namasere 3 Budunyi Musoma Kayago Madengo Hasheba Kisoko Budembe Nsango Mudawo Muwayo Butema Nakawa Buduma A Buduma Muterere C. Muterere East Muterere West Kigusa B Bukabudo Nsimbirano A/B Kyaiku West/East Kigusa A Busini Ivumangabo West Ivumangabo East Irimbi Nalwegoloire Irimbi Mukoke Ngunga Kitumba Namuntenga Kimbale Bulyayobyo Nabuyandha Makku – Nongo Buwenda Bululu Lubanyi Naluya Naigoma Nawankyinga Kayogera Nakabale Bukiiri Buwembula Nawambidhi Nakigunju 16. Buwuni Rural 17. Kitodha 18.Buluwe 19.Buwuni Town Board 20.Igwe 5. Nabukalu (52 Villages) 21. Nakivamba 22.Nkaiza 23. Isegero 24.Kasita 4 Nankonkolo Bukovu Nkinda Bulesa Bukuta Nakabale Makoma B Makoma A Buyebe A Buyebe B Buwuni Kitodha Nawansonga Nakisamo Luvunia Idubu Kidowo Nangalama Buluwe Malendele Butegwa Bubuzi Kasebere Nainala A Bulende Nainala B Buwagama Namiguwa Mawerere Luwelo Nakabale A Bulebi Namkoko Butuka Budando Bukanda Bukaye Bukyemanta Bukazito Bulanga Bulalo Kakoge Itanda Nabukima Bukwaku Buwologoma Isegero Nakavule Magoro Kakindu Katetempe Namundolera Budhebero Bukyansiko Nabukalu 25.Lwanika 26.Butyabule 27.Bubalya 28. Bukubansiri 29.Wangobo 6. Budhaya (29 Villages) 30. Bukatu 31.Budhaya 32.Mayuge 33.Buwolya Kiwongolo Lwanika North Lwanika South Lwanika Central Buzika Butyabule Kyabakaire Nabuganga Nakakono Nawansega Nakabale Naigaga Bubalya Buyaya Magalama Nawanzu Kabasaala Busowobi Wabugesa Nawambiri Bukubansiri Namayingo Nakitaka Nsokwe Busaala Buswiriri Buziba Itente Bukakaire Bukagolo Kiwandangabo Namatu Maziriga Kawologoma Bulyanswa Bukerekere. Budhaya. Ngulumo. Nabukalu. Bumwangu. Kiwandangabo Mayuge East Mayuge Central Mayuge Nile Mayuge West Ngulumo Kimasa. Bude. Luwa Kimasa. Bukagolo. Butibwa. Buvutwa. Makova . 34.Nsavu 5 Nsavu walumbe. 7. Bugiri Town council (11 Villages) 35Ndifakulya 36.Bwole 37.Nkusi 38.Naluwerere 8. Buwunga (56 Villages) 39.Busowa Rural 40.Kavule 41.Magoola 42.Bubugo 43.Luwooko 44. Nawandhuki 45.Nambale 46.Mawanga 47.Busowa T.B 48.Buwunga 6 Nsavu Musirisisi. Nantakya. Maziriga Bulyanswa Ndifakulya A Ndeeba Muyenga Kimombasa Busanzi Bwole Nkusi Mukuba Kiwalazi Butambula Kiyinikibi Busangirizi Bulume Bobengogi Nakawa Katooko Kasala Kavule Central Bukerekere Imuli Nakatwe Makoma Magoola Central Kayandhakato Kirongo Namboja Buliaghaigulu Bukerewe Bubumira Kiteigalwa Luwoko .A. Luwoko . B. Bukalaikoti Luwoko Central Bugongo Nawanjuki Namalenya Buteebe Nambale Kayaigo Katala Bugombo Butumba Busambira Budhebero Mawanga Central Nakawa Busowa North Busowa Central Takiwereza Busowa South Budidi 49.Bupala 50.Busoga 9. Iwemba (19 Villages) 51.Iwemba 52.Bugeso 53.Nabirere 54.Buyala 55.Nambo 10.Kapyanga (56 Villages) 56 .Kiseitaka 57.Ndifakulya 58.Nakavule 59.Isagaza 60.Namayemba 7 Mugera Namalenya Wandegeire Namatanga Bupala Kitoogo Kyaluya .A Kyaluya .B. Walugoma Wanzerere Buwenge Nakamini Nabirala Nakisenyi Busoga Busimba Bulyamboli Bukanda Bukiri Bukakaire Nabunyu Kazimbakungira Nabirere Busolo Kasokwe Walusaka Buyala Budome Kimira Kigulu Bukasolo Nambo - B Nambo - A(Nawangali) Waliko Kirongero A Kirongero B Wanenga Kaato Kiseitaka Naminyagwe Bukaye Bukuuda Ndifakulya Lwaba Mugona North Mugona South Kikabala Nakavule Kamaango Izira Kidhebero Isagaza A Isagaza B Bugoyozi A Bugoyozi B Namago Namayemba East A 61.Bugunga 62. Bukaye 63.Bugubo 64.Bugiri A 11. Nankoma (52 Villages) 65.Isegero 66. Nankoma. T/Board 67.Nankoma 68.Namakoko 8 Namayemba East B Namayemba Cetral A Namayemba Central B Namayemba West A A Namayemba West B Bujaka Buswiiriri Budibya Busolo Bugunga Bukaye A Bukaye B Bugodo A Bugodo B Buwofu A Buwofu B Kayango A Kayango B Kayango C Igoogo A Igoogo B Busanzi Nabyunyu Bubeta Kaakandwa Muyemu Bugubo Bukonde A Bukonde B Kapyanga Naitosi Buyubu Bugodhandhala Butakanira Bwalula A Bwalula B Isegero Matiki Wansimba A Wansimba B Nankoma East Nankoma West Nankoma A Nankoma B Nankoma C Nankoma D Nakasita Nalwesambula Kyemeire Namuntega A Namuntenga B Kasooba A Namakoko Bukagolo Lwangosya Bulyangada 69.Nsono 70.Masita 71.Matovu Busimbi A Busimbi B Nabulungi Nsono Kasongoire A Kasongoire B Namuganza A Namuganza B Nawanseno Kyazuka Sanika Masita Nawampanda Lwamunu Nakasisi A Nakasisi B Itakaibolu A Itakaibolu B Matovu A Kigobelo Matovu B Matovu C Namambwa A Namakoli Nampere Nawambwa B The Political Structure The District Council is the highest political authority and has the legislative and executive powers. The council is composed of: The Chairperson who is the political head of the district and is elected through universal adult suffrage; 16 councillors elected directly to represent an electoral area of the district; two councillors one of whom is a female representing the youths in the district and two councillors, one of whom is a female representing person with disability. In total there are 18 district councillors and five members of the executive. The District Council is made up of statutory bodies and standing committees. The boards include: Public accounts committee, district service commission, Land board. While the standing committees include: social sector, production works and lastly health. Economy Bugiri district is largely dependent on agriculture, which employs over 90% of the total population. Agriculture is mainly subsistence practiced by family members on smallholdings of approximately 2.5 acres. In addition, only 3% of the population are engaged in commercial agriculture while 2.3% engage in petty trade, and cottage industry that employs 2.3%. The population cultivate cassava, beans, groundnuts, rice, potatoes, millet maize and Bananas as food crops. Whereas coffee and cotton largely grown for cash. The main source of livelihood for the majority 9 of the population in the district is the selling of rice, cassava and maize especially in the central and northern parts of the district. While in the southern part, the main source of livelihood is fishing. Cotton used to be grown in the lower and drier plains but due to marketing problems, it has been abandoned. Efforts are however underway to revamp cotton production. Operation and Maintenance: Policy and Strategy The District is committed to O&M of its capital investments in the sectors of; schools, health centres, offices, water supply facilities, staff houses, roads, bridges etc. However, there are instances where all the constructed facilities would be handed over to the direct beneficiaries. But communities some times are not only expecting support for the rehabilitation of public facilities, but end up neglecting them. In essence, most beneficiary groups hardly understand their ownership role. Therefore, this kind of situation warrants the district to develop a policy for appropriate operation and maintenance of Local Government investments as well as community owned infrastructure facilities at the various levels. The policy is a necessary initiative to improve the quality and sustainability of service delivery without wasting time. The policy will focus on; Community mobilization to embrace projects but also aiming at ownership awareness creation, Motivation of the communities for pro-active handling and strengthening of self-help awareness (break through the awaiting and beggar attitude). Interventions that aim at the introduction of organizational structures that assure, Ensure proper assignment of responsibilities and contributions of the owners in the funding of maintenance activities Enhance revenue and budget for O&M operations. Thus beneficiaries of project/facilities should be prepared to contribute for the sustainability of its services. In effect the policy will enable the district to define the role of the different partners and stakeholders, the necessary minimum activities identified, the costs to involved and sources of funding indicated. In addition, the policy will enable the stakeholders to mobilize the available labour and locally available (natural) resources. Objectives of the Maintenance Policy Ensure that the infrastructure constructed survives for a longer period. Ensure effective and efficient utilization of new investments instead of having to fund new constructions. To create awareness among the communities on their responsibilities and capacities to maintain facilities directly in their use. Involve the beneficiaries to take the lead in the organization of sustainable funding mechanisms and activities for adequate maintenance. Coordinate partners to contribute to the organizational basis for operation and maintenance. 10 CROSS – CUTTING ISSUES. Poverty Situation in Bugiri The majority of people still live in abject poverty as reported in the poverty status report of 2005. This section presents poverty situation in Bugiri. The presentation covers findings from a poverty study conducted in 2002 and current status reports on poverty. Accordingly, the poverty status report of 2005 showed that abject poverty is still pervasive since access to and utilization of basic requirements, such as sugar; soap and salt are not universal. In addition, almost 20 percent of Uganda’s population still remains in chronic poverty. According to a Participatory Poverty assessment study conducted in Bugiri, poverty is commonly defined as the lack of knowledge or as ignorance that undermines people’s ability to maximize their resources and potential to improve their livelihoods. Poverty was found to impact differently on different social categories of the communities, such as gender, age and location. However, among the different communities, poverty is defined differently but this was found to be dependent on key determinants of livelihood. However, the commonest definition of poverty suggested by the communities in Bugiri is that poverty is “obutamanha” meaning lack of knowledge or being ignorant. In addition, it was suggested that poverty is the lack of basic resources for survival as lamented by a focus group discussion conducted among the community respondents in Busanzi and Sigulu. On the other hand community members in Gorofa in Sigulu Islands referred to poverty as geyena meaning that poverty is like Hell. This is often associated with a period when the Nile perch fish catch is very low when people struggle to survive on smaller fish species. In some of the communities, poverty was reported to be manifesting itself as a disease. In Gorofa, community members reported that in periods of fish scarcity, everyone appears to be sick since they lack what to do. Their counterparts in Busanzi ‘B’ shared this sentiment where one man remarked. Poverty is like a disease; when it cathes you, you recoil” Rich man in Busanzi ‘B’ Bugiri Causes of Poverty According to the recent poverty status report, 2005, nationally, income poverty still stands at 38% with 42% and 12% among rural and urban dwellers. The poverty trend suggests that because of the deteriorated rate of natural resources, the vulnerability of poorer households dependent on such resources has increased. In addition, the mean farm size has declined which reflects long run agrarian change where households will be unable to sub divide land. The report further outlines lack of employment, low agriculture yield, vulnerability to market prices, and family size as some of the factors 11 that have influenced a decrease in people’s welfare. Similarly, results of a Participatory Poverty assessment study conducted in Bugiri 2002 and the recent participatory planning concerns identified such factors as the causes of poverty in Bugiri but also singled out the following as the major causes: Shortage of land and soil exhaustion Dwindling fish stocks in lake Victoria Poor market for produce Lack of extension services Health related problems Illiteracy Large families which not matched with land available to that particular family resulting from polygamy In addition, it was reported that the predominant use of rudimentary methods and tools and very poor seeds are some of the factors for the increased poverty among the majority rural poor in the district. However, in situations where yields are good, the community lacks the post-harvest handling technology to process the produce or store for future usage. In addition, there are areas with bad soils especially the northern corridor constituting of Buluguyi, Nabukalu, Iwemba and Bulesa sub counties. Furthermore the poor roads in some areas like some parts of Iwemba and Buluguyi make it difficult for the community members to sell or buy agricultural produces. As a result middlemen use this opportunity to exploit and cheat the farmers who cannot access better markets for their produce. Also farmers in some of these sub counties tend to be exploited further due to lack of standardised measurements. In very remote areas cereals are measured in plastic mugs and cassava is measured in heaps. According to most communities in the district illiteracy causes poverty because one cannot read and count. The community members get cheated, besides this they cannot compete for better paying jobs. Also unemployment was found to affect mostly the youths who are involved in neither agriculture nor formal employment. The fishing folk along the shores of the lake mentioned over drinking and laziness as the major causes of poverty in the areas whereas others blamed poverty on government policies that tax them leaving their pockets empty. Also the extended and large families are some of the factors causing poverty especially in the sub counties of Nankoma, Bulidha, Buwunga, Kapyanga. For example in one family in Kapyanga sub county 15 members were living together. Some of these were dependants / orphans. Although family planning services are taken closer to people, there are traditional and religious beliefs that work against family planning teachings. Large families have led to another devastating cause of poverty; land fragmentation and deforestation. In these communities family members often have only a single meal a day, but also even this meal is not nutritive, leading to nutritional related diseases. Also noted among the poor, is the poor clothing especially in the rural community, which indicate low levels of income. In the 12 future unless the trend changes over exploitation and misuse of natural resources, Bugiri District Local government might experience a state of a semi desert. Furthermore HIV/AIDS is one of the major causes of poverty and deprivation among communities. The epidemic has deprived the district of a large number of productive people and as a cause of poverty, HIV/AIDS costs the family in terms of medical care and the subsequent burden of orphans left behind. This largely explains the high rate of school dropout among orphans especially the girl child who ends up in early marriages. The young couples are unable to cope with high cost of living with no income end up on the streets in the busy trading centres of Bugiri Town Council and Naluwerere. Livelihood and Well-being Community members in Bugiri attach their well-being to modes of employment and income. The wellbeing categories differed between the urban, rural and fishing communities; however, people were judged as very rich, rich, poor and very poor depending on their asset base. For example in rural areas, the poorest are people with no property, the poor indulge in casual labour and the rich ones have assets and are educated. Therefore, social mobility was also influenced by one’s access to the above resources. Community members reported that having stable formal employment leads to better well-being. Community members also reported the being educated or having educated children improves one’s level of wellbeing. Community members reported various factors and opportunities for upward social mobility that include among others: Ownership of plenty of fertile land, which can be sold for money to be invested in business ventures. Producing many children who can provide farm labour Saving money and investing in more generating ventures However, a person could experience downward social mobility as a result of; Having too many women and children that erode one’s savings. Coping mechanisms of the poor The major livelihood strategies reported included farming, fishing, smuggling, trade and formal employment. Poverty Trends The poverty trends in the district suggest that the communities in Bugiri perceive liberalization of the market as the major factor affecting people’s livelihood. The liberalization of the market was found to be the source of exploitation of farmers by low market prices, which the Government no longer has the responsibility to determine. In addition the communities regarded Privatization as a source of loss of jobs in the former government factories and parastatals. 13 Table showing poverty trends in Bugiri from 1997-2011 Period 1997-2010 Events Bugiri district was decentralized and gained district status. During this period service delivery improved. Both health and primary school infrastructure were constructed at sub-counties. There was famine in Soroti and other parts of Eastern Uganda and this found community members with surplus cassava and maize. This was a boom period for people in Bugiri. Community members reported: “we sold cassava at 300/= - 400/= per kilogram”. During this boom period, trading centres and other infrastructure were established in the district. Immediately in the next season, famine struck, villages started. experiencing food security and people resorted to selling land for money. There was a serious drought in 1998. “we had sold our cassava and because the rains failed we could not replace it” In 2000, Cassava mosaic also set in, an improved cassava variety from Sikuta Farmer’s Association (2km in Busia) was distributed to the farmers. Agricultural produce lost market Taxes imposed on commodities were high Management of Kibimba rice scheme was handed over to Indians in response to the privatization policy. Under the management of Indians, the company changed name to Tilda Uganda Limited, Kibimba. As soon as the Indians took over, word came to the people who were using the company rice fields to vacate. Those who insisted had their rice slashed down, setting in place a tide of nothing but losses for the communities in the neighborhood. The Indians established a requirement for those who wanted to continue using rice plots to buy a permit (certificate) at 1,500/=. About 1,000 people rushed to buy these permits, only to be evicted all the same. They lost both their rice and money. The Indians highly mechanized their production. They adopted the use of combine harvesters and spray all replacing human labour. As a result, more people lost their jobs. People who owned land in the immediate periphery of the company lost their land to the scheme. The villages affected included; Butema, Budoma A & B, Bugayi, Bufunda, Butundula and Kayango. The victims were promised compensation in 2001, but waited in vain. Overall, the livelihood of the people has greatly deteriorated in this era and this has created apathy. When this time line was being told, one man had this to say: “Indians are extremely bad, no one can change them, and we should not even talk about them. We should leave them to the government that invited them. Now all we need is capital to address our poverty, not discussing these fellows! 2000-2010 In this period, there was surplus maize and cassava, but there is no market for it. A kilogram of maize is sold at 50/= while that of dry cassava is sold 14 at only 40/=. There are too many unemployed youth that have resorted to gambling. Some youth make bricks but have no market for them. The price is also not favorable (35/=per baked brick). 2001-2009 More primary schools were constructed, but they are still distant. Primary school enrolment has especially increased Secondary schools have increased Adult literacy was started in English and other local languages in many parts of the district. 2008-2010 The year witnessed drastic changes in weather. The rains have been promising and farmers have had improved yields and harvests. In addition, many people during this period have embarked on private tree planting. Many women groups were formed and accessed loans for their income generating activities. Overall, the livelihood of the people greatly improved in this period. The district also experienced a number of poverty specific programmes like the DLSP and FIEFOC these programmes contributed greatly to the improvements on the well-being of the poor households. In particular DLSP programme benefited poor households through the poverty and enterprise grants with farm inputs. The DLSP programme however ended in December 2014. The fisheries management activities in the fishing communities are now predominantly managed by the BMU beach management Units that have improved on the fishing practices among the fish folks. However, due to changes in policy i.e. recentralizing fish resources taxation, the district has lost much of the local revenue accruing from fisheries resources. Poverty Pockets Bugiri District has a large fringe area occupied by the poor. Among the lower local governments in the district, The Uganda Poverty Assessment report 2002, and in particular the Bugiri report, showed that Iwemba Sub County the poorest and least developed with marked poverty pockets. Additionally there is also high-level poverty prevalence in sub counties of Iwemba, Buluguyi, Nabukalu Budhaya and Bulidha. The sub counties are manifested by a large concentration of low-income earners. These sub counties are less endowed with resources in that despite having 20% of the population their contribution to the total district revenue is approximately 13%. This is because the largest proportion of the population in these sub counties is poor. 15 Indicators of poverty pockets in the communities within the district show that among the poor, the most significant indicator of poverty is that majority are sheltered in houses occasionally roofed with old iron sheets but mostly grass thatched with mud and wattle walls. Besides, the structures are unfit for human habitation; such homes have no sanitation facilities and are poorly ventilated. In these poor communities latrine coverage is as below as 24% as compared to the district average of 48%. Poverty Effects School dropout has been one of the major effects of poverty in the community. Despite the UPE programme, there is a high dropout of girls very early due to poverty at home. The early dropout of school has been responsible for the high rates of illiteracy in the community. Being illiterate means lack of employable skills thus the high rates of unemployment. With all these, put together there is a tendency of the young population moving from the villages to the towns which explains the increasing rate of drug abuse and crime rate especially in the urban centres. Women and children are singled out as the most affected section of the population by poverty. Besides being dependent on men/husbands, they are victimised by lack of access to factors of production a situation aggravated by traditional and cultural beliefs. The youths are also hard hit by poverty because they virtually own nothing, are unemployable, yet want to lead a high life. PWDS and the Elderly are affected because they cannot easily live on their own. The youth, the productive and energetic population are running away from the villages for greener pastures. Poverty cause effect CATEGORY Women Causes Effects Lack of knowledge and skill Un predictable weather conditions. areas to access essential maternal health Large families services Poor farming methods resulting to poor agriculture yields Youth In ability of most mothers in the rural Lack of control and access to economic facilities in a home Illiteracy. Lack of land for cultivation Abuse and neglect Largely involved in the production of Defilement Low level of education Un predictable climate Failure to participate in communal food for domestic consumption Continue to live with their relatives and parents. they are largely dependants activities. Involve in gambling activities and drug abuse 16 Elderly Lack of innovativeness Do not own resources Negative attitude towards work Lack of employment opportunities Poor time management Ignorance and lack of information. Lack of knowledge and skills. Lack land for cultivation In ability to work Live in ram shackled grass matched Lack of access to SACCO Increased Failure t access basic needs orphans Miserable and un health Old age Lack food, clothings. Lack of knowledge and skills Many children Large families Children out of school Polygamous unions Poor house hold with no kitchen and Land fragmentation Over drinking Many wives Lack of markets Can’t afford basic necessities of life Poor farming methods They have no formal employment Lack of startup capital Poor healthy Lack of infrastructure People with discrimination Can’t afford basic necessities disability Poor health Lack employment opportunities Lack of necessary social infrastructure. Men People living with HIV / ADIS dependency houses ratio of latrine Witch craft Unstable relationship Failure to use condoms Failure to observe the ABC strategy Miserable and un health Measures to address key poverty challenges. Poverty is one of the challenges facing the Bugiri District. Like other Local Governments, Bugiri District continues to focus its development program areas to the five priority areas of Government whose ultimate aim is poverty eradication. Therefore the district the District plans to intensify efforts to eradicate poverty through: Active involvement and participation of the poor in the planning process. 17 The District will actively pursue synergistic relationships with civil society organizations particularly CBOs and NGOs, and local leadership to enhance inclusiveness in development planning. Support to Farmer Institutional Development Promotion of technologies selected by farmers especially production and value addition. Conducted Agri-business and market linkages Train Farmers Cotton Site Coordinators and parish Mobilizers. Monitor the implementation of cropping activities. Establish Parish Community Spray Units for control of ticks/tsetse flies and the diseases they transmit. Conduct demonstrations on the benefits of controlling Newcastle Disease in indigenous chicken by vaccination Train farmers on methods of heat detection in cattle for artificial insemination, also inseminated reported on heat cattle with semen from proven sires. Conduct seminar for farmers on pig management and disease control Training of beach management executive committees Monitor control and surveillance of fisheries resources. Establish 8 modern bee farming demonstration units for PWDs, women and youth groups Provision of affordable and accessible quality health services. Improvement of households hygiene and sanitation. Promotion of nutrition Add value to products by processing them Gender Situational Analysis It is important to define gender, for lack of definition may lead people to think that they understand what the concept is, even when they are using it incorrectly, for instance using gender as a synonym for women. This can result in paying lip services to gender mainstreaming while failing to apply it. Gender therefore refers to all the attributes associated with women/girls and men/boys that are socially and culturally constructed and vary from one society to another and overtime. While gender mainstreaming is a strategy to ensure that women/girls and men/boys needs, constraints and potentials are incorporated into all the development priorities, plans, implementation and evaluation of the development interventions. The goal for gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment. The development process is a priority for the district because of the many gender issues that affect the development process as reflected below: According to the Uganda Participatory Poverty Assessment Report for Bugiri, over 90% of women do not own land even in inheritance, land is passed on to the boy child because it is believed that the girl belongs to her matrimonial home and not her birth place. This is a typical example of cultural beliefs and 18 practices that deny women ownership of productive resources. It is common to find girls/women lagging behind in development compared to the males. The involvement of women and men in agricultural production has considerable gender variations. The woman’s participation in farming activities is at 87% and she spends 9.1hours in production compared to 6.9 hours spent by men. This is attributed to men’s heavy drinking, social irresponsibility and unequal power relations, increased widowhood and the low esteem of women and girls. In education, whereas the enrolment rate of girls and boys at primary level is almost equal, as they progress, the girls drop out of school more than the boys. This is attributed to gender issues like domestic chores, preference of the boy child by the parents, early marriages, poor sanitary facilities at school and sexual harassment at home, in the community and at school. In reproductive health, there is low involvement by men. Without male involvement, women have problems making decisions on issues such as; accepting an STD/fertility test, sharing results with spouses, negotiating for safe sex practices and change of sexual behavior. The low involvement is attributed to men’s attitude towards reproductive, the timing and location of service delivery, lack of awareness about services provided and lack of skills by health workers on how to handle and involve men. The prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS among women/girls is higher than that of men/boys. This is likely to be due to high poverty levels among the females, lack of life skills and unequal gender power relations. This explains why, in HIV/AIDS programmes such as home based care, PMTCT and ART the female involvement is higher than that of the males. Despite the fact that 1/3 of women occupy elective positions at all local council levels, many of them are not effectively participating in decision making due to lack of critical skills such as legislation, advocacy and lobbying, and other relevant leadership skills. Besides, the general community is not yet adequately sensitized about gender and that is why it is still perceived as a women’s issue. Gender Development Strategies i) ii) Sensitization on identified gender issues in different sectors at all levels. Promoting community dialogue to address gender issues at the household levels. iii) Dissemination of the Uganda Gender Policy to all key stakeholders. iv) Advocating for gender equity and equality. v) Promotion of women’s/girls properly rights. vi) Linking yup of women to credit and saving institutions. vii) Sensitize men to share responsibility for safe and healthy lives. 19 viii) Strengthen capacity of key stakeholders in gender mainstreaming, leadership and entrepreneurial skills. Strategies to Mitigate the Gender Challenges Sensitization of Women in their roles in development. This can be done through capacity building workshops under capacity building. Advocate for the implementation of the land act to enable both men and women to acquire land titles to enhance land rights in the communities. Enforcement of the affirmative action in filling up vacancies especially in community based services department. Promotion of credit and saving schemes for provision of capital for enterprise development among women and men in the district Strengthen FAL campaigns to encourage men, are also encouraged 20 1. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT The sector is well staffed at the district headquarters and in the lower local governments but the department does not have a substantive head since the promotion and transfer of the former Deputy Chief Administrative Officer. The department has continued to build its staffing position. The sector has one vehicle for the Chief Administrative Officer but still it’s insufficient to effectively fulfill the role of coordinating activities in the entire district by the officers at the headquarters. The sector has office space at the district headquarters but 1 sub county operate from rented premises while a number of sub county headquarters need to be rehabilitated or they are at various levels of construction which does not give a conducive working environment. Objectives To supervise, monitor, coordinate and advise on the implementation of activities of the higher and lower local governments and ensure accountability and transparency in the management and delivery of council’s services. To develop capacity and manage the planning process for balanced development in the district. To initiate formulation of policy and implementation of lawful council decisions. To coordinate proper management of the human resource in the district. Promote safety and proper upkeep of all council assets and records. To provide the link between the local and the central government. Spearheading the process geared towards eliminating poverty in the district through Wealth for all programme. Undertake vital registrations in the lower local Governments Participate in maintenance of law and order in the entire district Promote public private partnership in public service delivery and development in the district. Information Sector The sector is run by one information officer who is responsible for the day to day business. The sector has office space and furniture which allows the officer to carry out day to day duties. It also has some equipment to help in gathering, storing and dissemination of information like a video camera and laptop computer. The sector is hindered by lack of transport to facilitate it in gathering and dissemination of information. Objectives To improve on the coverage of district functions and events. To improve on the reception of information by the people. Maintain an information data bank at the district. To coordinate mass media programmes sponsored by the district To promote accountable use of Public resources in the district. 21 Human Resource Sector The human resources sector comprises personnel, records management and the resource center. The sector is charged with effective and efficient management of the available human resources and records of the district. Objectives To ensure maintenance of the approved numbers of staff on the payroll. To tender technical advice to the chief administrative officer on matters of human resource management. To build capacity of all staff in the district and other development partners. To coordinate the performance appraisal system in the district. To coordinate recruitment, retention and exit of staff from service. To develop and spearhead the implementation of district training policy To ensure proper records management in the district To receive and dispatch all correspondences to and from the district To file and update records. To computerize all district records. To offer technical advice to CAO on records management. Internal Audit Objectives Review the financial and accounting systems in operation in each department and establishment of the administration to ensure that they are adequate, effective and conform to the provisions of LGFAR and the Internal Audit Manual. Audit revenue collection to ensure that all monies due to the administration are collected and banked or otherwise accounted for in accordance to the regulations. Audit Procurement Procedures and Payments to ensure that all goods, services and works are properly ordered, received, examined and paid for and that value for money as an objective of procurement is achieved. Conduct man power audits Audit stores, assets and other property owned or in the care of the administration to ensure safe custody and their efficient and economic usage and disposal. Conduct value for money audits 22 Procurement and Disposal Unit (PDU) Objectives To ensure availability of appropriate goods and services for service Delivery To ensure timely production of minutes, bids, reports and other documents. To guide the procurement process and service provision. To ensure timely communication and coordination of procurement activities. Creation of good working environment. SWOT ANALYSIS. Strengths Availability of competent staff at both the HLG and LLG to implement government activities. Good cooperation by the whole civil service and political leadership especially at the HLG. Existence of good decentralization policy framework and enabling legislation which supports planning and activity execution. Recentralization of the CAOs which has freed them from the local pressures from their hitherto employers which enables them to carry out their work without un due pressure. Availability of tools and equipment to support and facilitate the service delivery process. Weaknesses Failure by some of the sub county chiefs to dedicate ample time to supervise and coordinate activities at the LLGs levels. Non – supportive political leadership at the LLGs to the service delivery process. Threats Inability of the central government to fund the wage bill at 100% cannot allow us to hit the right staffing to deliver all the decentralized services. Gradual recentralization of some decentralized activities which will erode the spirit and intention of decentralization policy. Lack of discretion to finance local government priorities due to the local government financing arrangements. Opportunities Continued financial support from the central government. Supportive population and development partners. 23 2. COMMUNITY BASED SERVICES Situation Analysis The department of community based services is comprised of the following sectors; Administration office, Community Development, Culture and Empowerment, Probation, youth and social welfare, Gender and women Empowerment, Labor, Disability and the Elderly. The department works in collaboration with the following semi-autonomous bodies; National women council, National Youth council, National council for children and PWDs council. The CBOs and NGOs do complement the efforts of the department. The social Development Sector promotes issues of S`ocial Protection, Gender Equality, Equity, Human Rights, Culture, Decent work conditions and empowerment for different groups such as women, children, the un employed youth, Internally displaced persons, the elderly the persons with disabilities (persons abled differently) and refugees. Community based Services Sector as the lead agency for Social Development with the mandate to empower communities to harness their potential through cultural growth, skills development and labour productivity for sustainable and gender responsive development. It addresses the development concerns of the people holistically. The Development therefore promotes Social Protection and Social transformation of Communities for meaningful Development of the Community. The Sector plays a facilitative role for other sectors and generates the required response from Communities to participate in the Development process Community Development and Empowerment Community empowerment is one of the core functions of the CBS department under the Social Sector Development Investment Plan (SDIP) which is directed at increasing community knowledge of the current development concerns and preparing them to play their rightful role in the development process. It focuses at increasing community knowledge and change of attitudes and practices for improved socioeconomic life. The target is to reach the 66 parishes, 377 villages in the district. This is routinely done by the sub county staff with occasional backstopping from the district staff hence the need for having the vacant posts filled as per the approved structure. The key guiding document is the Community Mobilization and Empowerment strategy. The sector activities are conducted by a team of 06 Community Development Officers (CDOs) and 08 Assistant Community Development Officers (ACDOs) under the technical backup of the Senior Community Development Officer (SCDO). All the staff have the required academic qualifications for the job, however, since the community is dynamic and the concerns ever changing, there is need to always update staff skills through training. 24 Gender and Youth Gender Situation Analysis Gender as a cross cutting issue has been a fundamental basis for planning over the years and it still continues to be an issue for consideration in planning because gender inequality impacts directly and indirectly on the everyday ways of life of the people and manifests itself in the development of an area. Gender in respect therefore refers to socially, historically and psychologically constructed roles and responsibilities assigned to men and women. Gender is not universal; it differs from culture to culture and, across time, place and age and social class. Although people comprise women and men, gender issues are generally misconstrued, downplayed and to a large extent ignored, resulting into unbalanced development. Gender issues therefore emphasize the recognition of women and men’s role in development and sharing of benefits equally. According to the Participatory Poverty Assessment Report for Bugiri, over 90% of women do not own land and even in inheritance, land is passed on to the boy children because it is believed that the girls belong to their matrimonial home and not their birth place. This is typical of how cultural practices and beliefs deny women the chance to own productive resources which has led women to lag behind in development. In the health sector, we find that the health of a woman to a large extent is controlled by a man especially the married women. Since the man is the income earner in the home, the woman has got to ask the man for money to go to the hospital, and if at that time he doesn’t have the money then the woman has got to wait until he gets money. Furthermore because the woman is often in charge of the household chores, if she goes to the hospital then nothing at home is in order. This often makes it hard for her to go for medical attention because the man cannot “keep” the home if she isn’t around. In addition, most men don’t want to go with their wives to the hospital for antenatal treatment citing it as useless and yet the children are supposedly for the man when born. This makes it hard for the men to understand the conditions in which their wives are or the special foods that they need during this difficult period. It even makes it hard for men to appreciate family planning. This has led to an unnecessary population growth which has further impacted on the development of Bugiri district. The sector also got the responsibility to promote girl child education after realizing that this is a very big problem because of the high dropout rates in the schools. The sector further coordinates youth and women council activities which include; statutory meetings, mobilization of women and youth and to initiate an undertaking income generating project. 25 Studies have shown that there are very many idle and unemployed youths and this has led to high crime rates, prostitution, and drug and substance abuse. However many of these youths just have a lot of energy that is not being put to good use because they have talents that could be developed like football, drama, crafts and tailoring especially since most of them are school drop outs conditions in this district Social Rehabilitation/Disability and Elderly Situational Analysis The Sector of Rehabilitation is under Community Based Services department. The Sector works in collaboration with the following semi-autonomous bodies. National Council for disability. District Council for disability. Sub County councils for disability. The CBOs and NGOs do complement the efforts of the sector The people with disabilities and elderly in Bugiri District can only survive and thrive when they are informed and trained. Without mobilization, sensitization and information, PWDs and elderly persons are unable to lead meaningful and productive lives to contribute fully to the common good, or to participate effectively in civic affairs. 26 3. EDUCATION AND SPORTS DEPARTMENT. Mission Build a functionally literate and numeracy society through delivery of Quality Education for sustainable development. Objectives of the Department. Deliver quality education through improved teaching and learning Improve, access, equity and retention of different categories of learners in all institutions Equip teachers with practical and functional knowledge and skills for sustainable dev’t through seminars/workshops. Improve the welfare of learners & teachers in all institutions to achieve quality education Formal Education is a powerful tool for transformation of any given society as people are empowered, with knowledge skills positive attitudes to explore and utilize the available resources. Situational Analysis The education department has two sectors: Education and Inspectorate. The District Education Officer is the overall head of the department and coordinates the daily running of education activities from schools, District, to National levels. At sub-county level, there is a frame work on education matters. We have the chairperson LC111, Sub-County chiefs and Secretaries for Education. Ideally school immediate supervisors are the village chair persons, P.T.A, chairperson LC111, sub-county chiefs, Community Development Officers, C.C.TS, for technical advice. It goes without saying that at LC111 level, there are also chair persons and secretaries for education who are expected to work hand in hand with school authorities and parents to ensure that children attend school and all matters concerning education in the area are collectively addressed. Development challenges being faced by the department. The class room- pupil ratio is 1:96 compared to the National one of 1:53. This therefore requires the recruitment of more teachers so as to reduce on burden on class management. Text book-pupil ratio of 1:10 compared to a government ratio of 1:3 which has led to poor reading culture Stance-pupil ratio of 1:62 compared to the national one of 1:40 which contributes greatly to the girl child dropout Desk pupil ratio of 1:6 Compared to the national one of 1:3. Understaffing and overstaffing in some schools Failure of teachers to be innovative in the teaching learning process coupled with negative attitudes. Inadequate UPE / USE and inspection funds from the centre contrary to price of commodities. Inadequate financial support to the department by the district which has hampered the implementation of government policies Negative attitude of some parents and some teachers in the education of our children 27 Negative attitudes towards the education of SNE children by the parents High dropout rate of children with Special Needs Inadequate staff to handle children with Special Needs High expectation of parents of SNE children from people who advise the SNE children to join school Number of Schools in Bugiri by category. Institution Status Primary schools Government 145 Private 160 Secondary No. Government 7 Private Tertiary institutions 25 Government 1 Private 2 Nursery 160 INSPECTORATE There are four inspectors with their ranks as follows: one senior inspector of schools and three Inspectors and out of these three one is in charge of Special Needs Education (SNE) children or EARS (Education Assessment Resource Services). We have also Associate Assessors to assist the Inspectorate sector in inspection of schools. These consist of retired but strong teachers. 28 4. FINANCE AND PLANNING Introduction Finance department is made up of the sectors of finance office which is responsible for overall coordination of the department, revenue, budget, expenditure and accounting, and the semi-autonomous planning unit that comprise of planning , population ,statistics office, projects, development planning, management information system, operational planning, and monitoring and evaluation. Objectives To improve financial management practices to ensure proper resource utilization and accountability To mobilize and collect revenue for sustainable service delivery To raise community awareness levels on the importance of taxes and implementation of the prevailing tax policy reforms To develop an efficient and effective tax enumeration system as a means of capturing data on all taxpayers and taxable business enterprises. To ensure compliance with best financial regulatory practices and procedures. To prepare budgets and plans in line with the Local Government budget cycle requirements. Preparation and production of timely periodic reports and annual financial statements. Timely procurement and payment for goods and services in line with cash flows obtained by the District. Advising the District council on financial matters. Assessment of Revenue potentials with the aim of widening the tax base SWOT ANALYSIS Finance Strengths/potentials - Weaknesses/constraints - Opportunities Threats/challenges - 29 availability of well qualified and competent human resource political will at district level availability of office equipments- computers and accessories, motor cycle inadequate staffing levels viz. chart of accounts failure to constitute district revenue enhancement committee inadequate office space inadequate furniture enabling laws and regulations back stopping from the line ministries Standby double cabin pick up overdependence on a limited local revenue base lack of community willingness to pay taxes Planning The local government act as stipulated in part IV functions and powers of local government council. Section 38 details the mandate for the establishment of planning units responsible for economic planning and to serve as secretariat the district technical planning committee. The District Planning Unit after the restructuring exercise was reorganized and constitutes of the sectors of Planning, statistics, population, development planning, management information systems, operational planning and monitoring and evaluation The unit currently is staffed in the sectors of planning, statistics and population. The planning unit plays a central pivotal role in the local governments’ information management system in the provision of services. It’s a point of reference for collection, analysis, dissemination and presentation of socio-economic and demographic data. The unit is also responsible for the coordination of decentralized development planning. Objectives The main objectives of the district-planning unit that emanate from the above mandates are the following; Coordination of the planning function in the district Provision of data and information for informed decision making Rational utilization of district resources based on participatory planning processes in the prioritization of needs Evaluation and appraisal of development programs Identifying and sourcing of development partners Provision of data and information necessary for development planning Formulation of plans to provide road maps for project implementation Provision of support, monitoring and evaluation of development programmes Monitoring the implementation of population policy strategies 30 5. DIRECTORATE OF HEALTH SERVICES Mission: Attainment of good standard of health in Bugiri in order to promote a health and productive life (NHP)” Introduction and Situation Analysis There are three (2) Health Sub-Districts of Bukooli North and Bukooli Central with headquarters at Bugiri Hospital and Nankoma H/C IV, respectively. It is estimated that 60% of the population lives within 5 km distance from the nearest health unit. This implies that about 40% of the population in the district lives in a distance greater than5Km from the nearest health center. This leads to poor accessibility to especially maternal child health/Family planning and malaria control. Operational health units per Health Sub-district No. Name of No. Population No. of Health Units HSD of Referral Facility Referral S/Cs (Hospital) facility H/C III H/C II (H/C IV) Pub. NGO Publi NGO c 1 Bukooli Publi NGO c Publi NGO c 5 212,286 1 - 0 0 4 0 8 5 6 150,652 0 - 1 0 4 0 12 7 11 362,938 1 - 1 - 8 0 20 12 North 2 Bukooli Central Total Health Services Delivered The Minimum Health Care Package (MHCP) services offered in the sector include: Immunization (EPI re-vitalization) Treatment of common illnesses Dental/Oral health care services Communicable Diseases Control (Malaria, STD, HIV/AIDS and TB) Health Education and Promotion Environmental hygiene and sanitation improvement Promotion of safe water chain Nutrition, growth monitoring and promotion Procurement of basic medicines and health supplies Mental Health Care School Health Programme 31 Epidemic control and disaster preparedness/response Essential clinical care Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) All the health centres have qualified health personnel to provide care and treatment of patients. The health centres have an average catchment population of 10,000 people at lower levels (HC3 & HC2s). The average OPD attendance rate is 71%. For the services thereof provided, both men and women equally get involved and benefit except VCT, ART, FP and RH where the male sex is less involved (due to clientele attitude). SWOT Analysis Strengths In the health services sector, the following are some of existing strengths; Availability of qualified health staff in hospital, HCIVs , HC IIIs and some HC11s Sustained supply of medicines and health supplies in health facilities Data collection and analysis for health planning, communication and decision making under HMIS Delivery of Minimum Health Care Package (MHCP) at all services delivery centres/points including VHTs Availability of infrastructure at HC IVs, HC IIIs and HC IIs for PHC services DHT members have the technical capacity in terms of planning, budgeting, management, monitoring and supervision of health services Team work and building for effective health services delivery Weaknesses The following are the some of the weaknesses perceived in the health sector; Poor communication systems (at hospital, HC IVs, HC IIIs and HC11s) especially to rescue mothers. Poor community mobilization/participation in health issues Inadequate equipment Opportunities The under mentioned opportunities exist in the health sector; Continuing Medical Education (CME) or continued professional development Net working with donor and Community Based Organizations (CBOs). Existence of VHTs for health education/promotion (Preventive health) in some Sub – counties and their involvement in health services delivery Political will to improve health services 32 Mass media ( Eastern FM radio for social mobilization/education) Threats The under mentioned are some of the threats that may affect the district health services delivery and management; Inadequate funding for health Inadequate qualified staff in HC IIs Inadequate transport for effective support supervision to ensure quality of health care Lack of power at HCIIIs and HC11s Ineffective referral system Inadequate medical equipment Myths and misconceptions about certain health services/issues Poor cultural beliefs, attitudes and practices Intermittent Hydro-electric power supply Poor road infrastructure Below is some of the vital information required for effective delivery of health services and planning; HOSPITAL SERVICES Mission Statement: “To provide curative, preventive, promotive and rehabilitative services to the people of Bugiri District in an efficient and effective manner” Introduction Bugiri Hospital is a 100 bed District Hospital built in 1967, situated along the Northern by-pass. It has never received major renovation since it was constructed although we have had some minor repairs like painting, replacement of ceiling boards. Objectives To improve the health status of the people of Bugiri district through providing a comprehensive health care package, so as to contribute to improvement in the lives of people, both economically and socially. Sectoral policies derived from specific objectives Adequate drug and sundry supply in the hospital, maximum utilization of the available staff and to ensure quality services. Primary Health Care outreaches to emphasize preventive and promotive health care in the community and at hospital level through health education Rehabilitation through sustainable services in the orthopedic, mental health and nutrition departments 33 SWOT Analysis Strengths Institutional accommodation for service providers Availability of transport (There is one Double-cabin pick up and three motorcycles) Availability of drugs Functional Hospital Management Board Functional equipment Availability of security personnel at the Hospital. Opportunities Positive Political environment Support supervision by the centre and DHO’s office Timely release of finances Provision of medical equipment by credit line. JICA expected to provide medical equipment and an ambulance. Weaknesses Lack of privacy in OPD Inadequate housing units for accommodation. Unreliable X-ray services due to constant breakdown. Unreliable running water due to power shortages. Inadequate equipment and some are in poor state Inadequate examination coaches Threats Poor plumbing system Erratic power supply leading to high expenditures on fuel for generator and paraffin Poor referral leading to overcrowding. Challenges Large influx of patients with minor ailments that would be managed at lower level High bed occupancy 140-150/day (bed capacity 104) floor cases. Encroachment on hospital land. Grazing of animals in the quarters. 34 Services Provided Curative Out Patient, Mental health, Laboratory, Treatment of malaria, Blood transfusion, TB diagnosis and treatment, Care of injuries, Dental oral care, STI treatment, IMCI, ARV, Diabetic clinic, IDAAC/TASO clinics, ENT and Eye clinic. Preventive Environmental health and sanitation improvement, School health Services, Child hood immunization, HIV Counseling and Testing, Prevention of STI/HIV, Epidemics and disaster prevention, Tetanus Toxoid, Nutrition and Adolescent Counseling Surveillance AFP/Poliomyelitis, Leprosy, Measles, Neonatal tetanus, Weekly epidemiological surveillance Health Education/Promotion Routine health education in all departments, Promotion of Insecticide Treated Nets and Health education in schools Maternal Child Health Maternity services, Antenatal Care, Intermittent Presumptive Treatment, Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV, 13 steps to successful infant feeding and Family Planning Services. Inpatient (4wards) Services include; the management of surgical/medical conditions, Eye surgery, Management of obstetric and gynecological emergencies and management of mental health conditions. Number of health centres in Bugiri district by category; Category of health facility District hospital Health center IVs Health center IIIs Health Centre IIs Total Government NGO TOTAL 1 1 9 22 33 0 0 0 10 10 1 1 9 32 43 35 List of health centres in Bugiri district No. 1. 2. Sub county/LLG Bugiri Town Council Kapyanga parish Name of Health centre ownership level Status Ndifakulya Bugiri hospital Government Functional Naluwerere Bugiri TC health centre Government District Hospital HCII Namukonge Bugiri A Kayango health centre Kapyanga –Bugubo health centre Nanderema Health centre Kiseitaka health centre Kirongero health centre Bugoyozi Health Centre Namayemba Health Centre Government Government HCIII HCII Functional Functional Government Government NGO Government NGO HCII HCII HCII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional Functional Functional Bulesa health centre Nakigunju health centre Nantawawula health centre Kibimba health centre Kitodha health centre Buluwe health centre Government Government Govenment Government Government Government HCIII HCII HCII HCII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional Functional Functional Functional Kiseitaka Isagaza Nakavule 3. Bulesa Namasere Igwe Buwuni Kitodha Buluwe Functional 4. Buwunga Buwunga Busowa Kavule Busoga Buwunga Health Centre Busowa health centre Kavule health centre Busoga health centre Mawanga health centre Government Government NGO Government NGO HCIII HCII HCII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional Functional Functional 5. Nankoma Nankoma Isegero Nankoma health centre Kyemeire (UPMB) Nankoma (UMMB) Matiki health centre Government NGO NGO Government HCIV HCII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional Functional 6. Nabukalu Kasita Nkaiza Wangobo Nabukalu Health Centre Nkaiza Health Centre Wangobo Health Centre Government Government Government HCIII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional 7. Bulidha Bulidha Wakawaka Nabijingo Bulidha health centre Wakawaka health centre Nabijingo health centre government NGO NGO HCIII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional 8. Muterere Muterere government NGO HCIII HCII Functional Functional Kitumba Kayogera Muterere health centre ST. Luke muterere health centre Kitumba health centre Kayogera health centre Government Government HCII HCII Functional Functional 9. Budhaya Mayuge Budhaya Bukatu Mayuge health centre Budhaya health centre Maziriga health centre Government Government NGO HCIII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional 10. Buluguyi Buluguyi Nsango Buluguyi health centre Nsango health centre Government Government HCIII HCII Functional Functional 36 No. Sub county/LLG parish Name of Health centre ownership level Status 11. Iwemba Iwemba Buyala Nambo Iwemba health centre Kigulu health centre Nambo health centre Government Government Government HCIII HCII HCII Functional Functional Functional HIV Counseling and testing services (HCT) The district extends HCT services to the clients both at static and outreach sites. The people who go for these services are mobilized through the use of radio, music and drama, posters and other IEC materials on regular basis. This service is not only provided by the district local government but also by Uganda Reproductive Health Bureau that extends its services through conducting outreaches. The district has so far operationalised 12 HCT static centres namely: Bugiri Hospital, Buluguyi HCIII, Bulesa HCIII, Buwunga HCVIII, Nankoma HCIV, Mayuge HCIII, and URHBI. In effect, HCT and PMTCT services have been brought nearer to the people. 37 6. NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION The department is comprised of three sectors; Environment and wetlands, Forestry, and Lands sector. The natural resource office plays a coordinating role. The Department is charged with the responsibility of managing the environment and natural resources and promoting sustainable use of natural resources for the social and economic benefits of the populace. The district is endowered with a variety of natural resources which include water resources, land, forestry resources and wetland resources. However most of these resources have been heavily encroached on for majorly subsistence agriculture hence highly degraded. Mission To protect the environment and promote sustainable utilization of the natural resources for social and economic benefits of the communities Overall Objective To promote land use activities that ensures sustainable utilization and management of the district environment and natural resources for socio-economic development. Specific Objectives To promote sustainable utilization of the district environment and Natural resources To promote wise use of the district natural resources To integrate environment and natural resources concerns into district, sub county and parish development plans and programmes. Situational Analysis Currently, there are 11 substantive posts that have been filled out of the 16 posts that are established in the new structure. Thus; Senior Forestry Office, Assistant Forestry Office, four Forest Ranger in the forestry sector. District Staff Surveyor, physical planner and cartographer in the lands sector. An Environment Officer in the environment and wetlands sector, plus a secretary. SWOT Analysis Strength The existing staff in the department are all qualified and competent There is good political will towards management of the environment and natural resources(ENR) Existence of a district environment ordinance. Weakness Inadequate funding to the department Lack of update data on the natural resources Poor management and utilization of the nature resources 38 Opportunities Existence of a number of national laws, policies and regulation on ENR management. Presence of technical staff in at least all the sectors Existence of synergies with civil society organizations and other departments Threats Rampant deforestation and vegetation clearance. Uncontrolled and un regulated encroachment on natural resources like wetlands and forests Low levels of awareness on ENR management in communities. Increased pressure on the natural resources as result of the high population growth rate Discriminative land tenure categories to the vulnerable and marginalized communities. Inadequate funding to the department Forestry To ensure sustainable use of forest resources for economic development, poverty eradication and environmental sustainability. Situational Analysis There is a general reduction of natural tree cover in the district a rising from excessive harvesting of wood biomass for charcoal, fire wood, timber and clearing for farm land. Some of the tree species like Mivule and Albizia are facing extinction due to high demand for quality timber, for furniture and building. A good number of people have however picked up enthusiasm in tree planting. There are many tree woodlots scattered across the district of various tree species; Eucalyptus, Pine, Gravelia, Musizi, Melia and Bathedavea. Although the majority of people are interested in tree planting, the major limitation is lack of adequate land. However the forest sector is encouraging people to adopt agro forestry. It is also noted that some of the sub counties have taken up tree planting in their annual work plans and budgets. The sector encourages all sub counties to follow suit. A long side the several commercial private tree nursery operators, the district has established a central tree nursery for raising tree seedlings of various species to provide quality-planting material for the district and the private tree farmers. Environment and Wetland To lay emphasis on the importance of a protected environment and sustainable utilization of natural resources for social and economic development of communities. The Environment sector was established in the year 2000. In the context of decentralization, NEAP has developed means to ensure that the district capabilities in environmental management are increased, 39 clear and workable linkages are made between the districts and the centre. This will foster environment management and decision making. The environment office plays a key role in assisting in training, implementing and co-ordinating district personnel to increase the overall district capabilities in understanding and implementing environmental management. The National Environment Act Cap 153 stipulates that every district will have an environment office whose mandate among others is to ensure the integration of environment concerns into the district work plans and development programmes, raise awareness on environment concerns among the populace and to ensure sustainable utilization of the natural resources. The sector is composed of two sub sectors; the environment sub sector and the wetlands sub sector. The sector is over seen by two officers, the senior environment officer as provided in the new structure. The sector has a Suzuki TF motor cycle which is grounded currently, a printer, a GPS, 2 office tables and four office chairs. Most of these have been provided by NEMA. A number of CSOs operate in the district in collaboration with the sector. However, most of them are poorly funded. Environment Situation Analysis Environment means the physical factors of the surroundings of the human beings including land, water, atmosphere, climate, sound, odour, the biological factors of animals and plants and the social factors of aesthetics and includes both the natural and the built environment. Bugiri district is endowed with a human friendly environment, however, due population pressure and the bid of the population to provide a livelihood is negatively impacting on the environment. Development programmes like constructions (both roads and buildings), cultivations in wetlands and forest reserves in the district have had a negative impact, more so where environment impact assessments (EIA) have not been undertaken. In a bid to enhance sustainable development, EIAs are now a preliquisite for all developments to be undertaken and implementation of mitigations identified is to be made part of the costs for the implementation of such developments. Environment mainstreaming performance. The District Development Plan has taken into consideration environment issues to ensure proper resource management and sustainable development in the District. This has been done through training of some stake holders in natural resource management, mainstreaming environmental issues in sector plans, sensitizing communities on wise use practices, screening of all projects and environment impact assessment and costing the mitigation measures under each planned project. 40 Threats to Environment The threats include indiscriminate tree felling/deforestation, Poor waste disposal and solid waste management, soil erosion, land degradation and vermin existence, Poor hygiene and sanitation, Poor sand pit management, Lake Pollution and Wetland degradation. The causes of these concerns and the effects on the environment are presented in the table below. ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS MATRIX ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSE EFFECT Population pressure, Ignorance Weak law enforcement Poverty High market value for timber Inadequate garbage skips/collection points Laxity in enforcement Poor attitudes Climatic changes Bio-diversity deficiency Drought CONCERNS Indiscriminate tree felling/deforestation Poor waste disposal and solid waste management Soil erosion, land degradation and vermin existence Poor agricultural methods Poor land use Planning Mis-guided developments Poor road maintenance Poor hygiene sanitation Poor sand management Lake pollution and Weak law enforcement Wetland degradation land pit Poor enforcement High market value General lack of sanitation and latrine facilities at the landing sites Poor enforcement Creation of farmland and settlements in wetlands Draining of wetlands Loss of soil fertility Spread of diseases Aesthetic value of an area Un pleasant smell of trading centres, towns and landing sites Low farm productivity Silting of water sources and wetlands Short infrastructure ( roads, buildings) Less productive community Heavy surface run off Silting the lake and river systems Water borne diseases Water related healthy problems Loss of wetland resources, hence reduced wetland values and functionality Land Sector To achieve sustainable socio-economic development through optimal land management and utilization Situational Analysis The District has a total area of 2,629 Sq.Km, of which 1,062 is dry land and the rest therefore is covered by water bodies. The land surface is characterized by gentle undulating hills with few higher residual features. A narrow and generally higher accentuated relief to the south forms a watershed between Lake Victoria drainage and the northern drainage. The land sector was initiated in 1999, after the administration found it timely and prudent to implement the Land Act ‘98 as required by law. At around the same time the District land Board was also set up. The 41 two organs were expected to manage land matters within the district with an ultimate aim of improving the livelihoods of the population by reducing poverty levels basing on the fact that land is a basic factor of production. Most of the land in the district is under unregistered customary ownership with an increasing number of leaseholds and freeholds in the Town council, Kapyanga, Buiyinja and Bulesa sub counties. The main land use is agriculture, but the use depends on ownership, tenure, and customs. Tenure arrangement is associated with several pressures including; overgrazing, bush burning and land fragmentation. These pressures tend to limit the sustainable utilization of the land resource and instead lead to over exploitation. Staffing The sector staffing level has improved with three substantative posts (Staff Surveyor, Physical Planner and cartographer) filled out of the established seven. Status of Land Management Institutions The District Land Board is Operational. All sub counties have operational area land committees. Some LCII and III courts (courts of first instance as far as land disputes are concerned) have been inducted and trained. State of Natural Resources in the District. Land Resources The main land use is agriculture, but the use depends on ownership, tenure, and customs. Forests are mainly cleared for purposes of agriculture and charcoal burning; gazetted forest reserves have not been spared in this regard. Wetlands have been under considerable pressure from agricultural conversion resulting in excessive draining of these fragile ecosystems. Wetlands have been mostly encroached on for rice cultivation. The productivity in the wetlands has been declining gradually over the years. One of the main environmental concerns is that while substantial fields of crops are realizable after the initial clearance, later they decline due to oxidation, acidification and shrinkage in the reclaimed areas. As a result, over time, the economic and ecological value of a conserved ecosystem is often greater than the converted wetland or forest. The pressures behind ecosystem fragility are; deforestation, poor farming methods, Land tenure system (majorly customary). These pressures lead to loss of topsoil and eventually loss of the land's ability to support plant and animal life (human life inclusive). Vegetation Cover A total of 2370 hectares of the district land is under central forest reserves though these have been highly encroached on and/or cleared for firewood, charcoal, building poles, timber, farming and other 42 non-timber products. Rapid deforestation and degradation of forest reserves are some of the adverse impacts resulting from lack of management of forests. The main pressures behind deforestation are; Increased demand for forest land for cultivation Increased demand for forest products like fuel wood, timber, poles, charcoal etc. Poverty Breakdown of law or weak enforcement The high rate of deforestation has also resulted in bare hills with no trees or grass for example Bululu hill. Forest Degradation Rapid deforestation and degradation are some of the adverse impacts resulting from lack of management of forests. The main pressures behind deforestation are; increased demand for forest land for other alternatives increased demand for forest products like fuel wood, timber, poles, charcoal etc poverty – burning of charcoal breakdown of law or weak enforcement The rate of deforestation has also resulted in bare hills with neither trees nor grass. Forest Management Management of the central forest reserves is entrusted to National Forest Authority (NFA) and the rest managed by the district forest sector and the community. Many private forests are managed by untrained staff and are hence mismanaged. The main reasons behind mismanagement of forest resources; Lack of logistical support e.g. Transport, fuel Under staffing in the forest sector and natural resources department at large. lack of involvement of the communities living around forest reserves in planning and lack of extension services Political interferences Weak law enforcement Lack of proper management of forests will lead to loss of more and more forest resources. This is very disastrous to the district. Local communities should be involved in order to improve forest management. They should be made aware of the benefits of sustainable management of the resources. Water Resources The geological formation of the district coupled with a favorable geomorphology has contributed to the great water resources endowments enjoyed in the district. The district has a wide diversity of water resources in form of surface water e.g. fresh water bodies, swamps, and streams; ground water resources and water in form of precipitation. These water sources have been exploited in various ways. 43 Wetlands There has been a lot of encroachment on the wetlands for crop cultivation and unless the trend is reversed, the district’s wetlands will be completely destroyed in future. All the major wetlands in the district can be categorized as papyrus swamps, swamp forest, and lake edge wetlands. The soil found under these wetlands is quite different from the up land soils due to the condition underlying their formation. Wetlands are used in various ways, which include livestock grazing, building materials, agriculture, fishing, energy sources etc. It is evident that they are on high demand thus liable to being over-utilized. The pressures leading to over utilization are: population pressure, demand for wood fuel, over cultivation and lack of guidelines in the community regarding use and management of the resource. Despite the enormous contribution the wetlands provide to the well-being of the People of the district, they are under increasing threats and the major pressures are; conversion to rice cultivation, brick making, sand mining, seasonal fires, over harvesting an grazing of animals. Therefore wetlands are being reclaimed at a high rate. This implies loss of biodiversity and habitat for a variety of wildlife species. Environmental education along with rules and regulation backed with policy guidelines on reclaiming wetlands will do quite a lot to save the situation. Major threats to wetlands in Bugiri District The drainage of wetlands is carried out by simple excavation of channels by rice growers. Sometimes there is blockage of the normal flow of water to create space for agriculture expansion. Drainage and reclamation in the district has been considered a practical and prudent answer to the everincreasing demand for land in the district. Since the arable land is diminishing, the people are turning to wetlands, resulting into serious consequences. The most serious effect scale drainage in the district is found at Igogero, Kadoma, Namasere and all the lakeshore line wetlands. These wetlands have started losing their water – holding capacities and their ability to act as buffers. Wetland drainage has destroyed habitats, which is leading to the loss of species. The wetland fish stocks which used to be a good delicacy for many rural residents have reduced. Many people have also been depending on the natural products of wetlands for their basic needs including household items and building materials. Cottage industries like brick and handcraft making have been depending on wetlands as a source of raw materials. However the increasing population has put pressure on the capacity of wetlands to meet these requirements. Laxity in law enforcement and low levels of awareness of the masses have too had atoll in the degradation of the wetlands. Pollution The urban settings and the landing sites are both polluted almost to the same extent by contamination with domestic waste, kitchen refuse and improper disposal of human excreta. Pressures behind this are: poor hygiene and sanitation around homesteads 44 excessive levels of run-off sharing water sources and houses with animals Pollution of water sources particularly from human excreta around settlements harms human health. This situation could be improved by emphasizing latrine construction. Waste management should be given a priority together with educating the public on proper waste disposal systems. Standards can be set for housing and health inspection programmes should be encouraged to cross check the living standards. Pollution from small-scale industries Dust from the coffee mills, rice mills, maize mills and cultivation of the lake Kimira buffer zone are some of the major sources of pollution. Environmental Education In the District as elsewhere in the country, there is a general lack of understanding of the place and role of the population in the environment. Furthermore, the population lacks elementary knowledge on the development of the biosphere. The overall social, moral, economic and cultural heritages tend to contribute to the formation of a negative view about the environment. Yet, the survival of the district populace will continue to depend on the rational utilization of her natural resources and sound management of the environment. To ensure that the public understands, is sympathetic to, and aware of, and participates in sound environmental management, a conscious and deliberate effort of environmental education and awareness must be created and maintained. Complementary to environmental education is the need to create public awareness concerning environmental issues in the district. The concept of environmental education and creation of public awareness is relatively new in the district. None the less some environmental education and public awareness activities have been planned for and some are taking place in the District. Environmental Information There are quite a number of environmental problems in the district like soil degradation, drainage of wetlands, deforestation etc. which really need to be addressed before it is too late. On the other hand the district has limited resources to tackle these problems at ago. Therefore information should be availed of the extent and urgency to tackle problems in order to help the district environment committee make decisions. There is some environmental data in the environment office but this is hardly utilized by extension staff and the general community. However, the environmental data in the district has limitations as regards, quality, quantity, coherence, standardization and accessibility which in turn impair the district’s ability to make informed decisions concerning its environment and development. 45 7. PRODUCTION AND MARKETING DEPARTMENT Introduction The Production and Marketing Department should be one of the district’s priority areas especially in view of its enormous contribution to the welfare of the Bugiri community over 90% of whom derive their livelihood from subsistence agriculture. The functions of the department are spelt out in part 2 of the second schedule of the Local Government Act (1997 – Amended 2002). The implementation of Agricultural Extension Programe is further stipulated in article 176 (2) of the constitution. It is a constitutional obligation for Local Governments to adopt recommended agricultural technologies and ensure food security and poverty eradication. The department is made up of six sectors that work together to achieve the above constitutional obligation: 1. Veterinary 2. Agriculture 3. Fisheries 4. Commercial and Trade services 5. Entomology 6. District Production Office Mission To contribute towards improved quality of life of the people of Bugiri District through quality agricultural service delivery and sustainable use of available resources. Situational Analysis Over 97% of the Bugiri population are predominately rural and derive their livelihood from agriculture though at subsistence level. The district has been tentatively divided into three agro-ecological zones to render appropriate service to each ecological zone: The Agro-fishing zone that is made up of parts of the sub counties of Budhaya and Bulidha which lie along the shores of Lake Victoria. The vegetation varies from flat form to undulating irregular hills. It also has some savannah vegetation characterized by small thickets. The main form of livelihood in this zone is fishing and crop production especially maize, beans, potatoes and cassava . The Agro-livestock zone that covers Muterere, Nankoma, Kapyanga, Buwunga, Bulesa and parts of Budhaya and Bulidha Sub counties. The soil type is clay – loam mixture. The vegetation consists of scanty hills covered by savannah with few spots of forest reserves. There are also 46 some wetlands and streams. The main livelihood sources include sale of coffee, maize, rice, beans, livestock such as goats and poultry. The Cattle Corridor Zone It covers the sub counties of Iwemba, Nabukalu, Buluguyi and the northern part of Kapyanga. The soil type is clay – loam type, the vegetation is typically flat with scanty hills that are covered by savannah vegetation. The rainfall varies from 1,000 – to 1800mm. There are some permanent wetlands like Kimira and Kibimba. Households in this zone depend mainly on sale of livestock and crops like maze that is grown on relatively high scale because of animal traction practice that is common in this zone. 2014 – 15 District Priority Commodities - Dairy Cattle Coffee Bananas Citrus Fruits Cassava Sources of funds to the Department The department receives funding from the following sources:-The Production and Marketing Grant (PMG) -The NAADS Programme -MAAIF (Climate Smart Agriculture and Vegetable oil development project) -The Local Revenue A detail of funds received from each of the above sources is indicated in table 1 below. Staffing level in the Production and Marketing Department The Production and Marketing Department is currently inadequately staffed; of the 21 approved positions only 3 (14%), are filled. These are: The District Veterinary Officer, the District Trade and Commercial Officer and a fisheries Officer. All 11 Lower Local Government have no Agricultural Extension staff . The District is currently seeking guidance to feel the positions. SN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SUMMARY OF BUGIRI DISTRICT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING STAFFING LEVELS FEBRUARY 2013 Approved position Status Comments District Production and Marketing Vacant The DVO has been caretaking this office for the Officer last 16 years. The District Veterinary Officer Filled The PVO heads this sector The District Trade and Commercial Filled A Commercial Officer takes care of this sector Officer The District Agriculture Officer Vacant The position is vacant The District Fisheries Officer Vacant A Fisheries Officer takes care of this sector District Entomologist Vacant The position is vacant Senior Veterinary Officer – Vacant Vacant Regulations Animal Husbandry Officer Vacant Vacant Principal Agriculture Officer Vacant Vacant Senior Agriculture Officer – Agronomy Vacant Vacant 47 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Senior Agriculture Officer – Irrigation Principal Fisheries Officer Senior Fisheries Officer – Regulations Senior Fisheries Officer – Aquaculture Principal Entomologist Senior Entomologist Entomological Assistants (2) Principal Commercial Officer Senior Commercial Officer Stenographer Secretary Office Typist Approved posts = 21, Vacant = 19, Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Filled = 3 (14%) Operation Wealth Creation Model demonstration have been established as indicated below by the UPDF officers:No 1 2 3 4 The No 1 2 3 5 Name of host farmer Mr. Makaka Mr. Kyakulaga Mr. Sulaiman Mugoya Lt. Col. Musana Crop ½ Acre of coffee (220 seedlings) ½ Acre of coffee (220 seedlings) 2Acre of coffee (880 seedlings) 1 Acre coffee following inputs have been received and issued out under Enterprise (Seed) Quantity received Incalf Dairy Heifers 16 Orange seedlings 70,000 Banana suckers 20000 suckers Improved coffee seedling 210 seedlings 48 Sub county Nankoma Buwunga Kapyanga Kapyanga operation wealth creation: Acres established Farmers benefiting 16 Youth leaders 600 480 farmers 47 Farmers 45 Acres Farmers Expected Farm Inputs for first rain season 2014 – 15 from Operation Wealth Creation Enterprise Unit Measure Quantity Remarks Maize Kgs 9,140 Already received and distributed to farmers by the Operation Wealth Creation Officers 2 Beans Kgs 11,800 Not yet received, expected soon 3 Pineapple suckers Number (Suckers) 10,000 Not yet received 4 Banana suckers Number (Suckers) 4,638 Not yet received 5 Coffee Number (Suckers) 188,65 Not yet received 6 Citrus Number (Seedlings) 37,073 Not yet received 7 Mangoes Number (Seedlings) 8,049 Not yet received 8 Ground nuts Kgs 228 Not yet received 9 Soya Bean Kgs 4,000 Not yet received 10 Cassava cuttings Number (Bags) 603 Not yet received S/N Enterprise Unit Measure Quantity Remarks 11 Rice Kgs 5,000 Not yet received 12 Metalaxyl + Kgs 150 Not yet received Mancozeb 13 Tebuconazone Number (Liters) 120 Not yet received 14 Thiamothoate Number (Packets) 116 Not yet received 15 Dairy Cattle Number (Heifers) 51 Not yet received 16 AI Kits Number 1 Not yet received 17 Beef Cattle Number 6 18 Tilapia Number (units) 4 Not yet received 19 Mirrorcap Number (Units) 1 Not yet received 20 Catfish Number (Units) 2 Not yet received S/N 1 SWOT Analysis Strength within Existence of registered farmer groups Presence of functional established farmer structures Availability of registered service providers Departmental Team work Political support more especially at District level Weaknesses Farmers are more interested in cash and other handouts than knowledge Misconception of Government programmes by stakeholders Low adoption rates by farmers Focus on Short term enterprises Use of rudimentary farm tools like the hand hoe, reduces on acreage cultivated. Gender disparities that hampers agricultural productivity Minimal participation in Agricultural Planning, Implementation and Monitoring by the communities. Poor post harvesting handling facilities that further reduce the value of farm produce that is presented on the market. 49 The continuous depletion of nutrients in soil as a result of cultivation on the same piece of land without adequate nutrient replenishment complements negatively on the effects` of soil erosion. Rearing of slow maturing low producing livestock Inadequate modern agriculture skills and knowledge by farmer Cultivation of small plots of low value crops seeded with low yielding planting materials Opportunities Presence of Government programmes/projects Availability of arable land for production Technical human resource available Existence of a big local market that can support both commercial dairy, poultry and pig farming. Threats Un predicted weather Biting poverty Un reliable sources of water for livestock General low levels of formal education among the community, which impedes rapid technological change Prevalence of both livestock and crop pests and disease. (The incidence of both trypanosomiasis and tick borne infections in the district is estimated at 30%) The general effect of ill health particularly HIV/AIDS that mostly target the most productive age group further reduces farm labor and consequently reduce agricultural productivity. Below are some of the factors that influence the current low farm productivity in the district: Dependence on rain fed agriculture Inadequate modern agriculture skills and knowledge by farmers Cultivation of small plots of low value crops seeded with low yielding planting materials. Rearing of slow maturing low producing livestock Un reliable sources of water for livestock General low level of formal education among the community, which impedes rapid technological change Prevalence of both livestock and crop pests and disease. (The incidence of both trypanosomosis and tick borne infections in the district is estimated at 30%) The general effect of ill health particularly HIV/AIDS that mostly target the most productive age group further reduces farm labour and consequently reduce agricultural productivity. The continuous depletion of nutrients in soil as a result of cultivation on the same piece of land without adequate nutrient replenishment complements negatively on the effects` of soil erosion. Use of rudimentary farm tools like the hand hoe, reduces on acreage cultivated. Gender disparities that hampers agricultural productivity Minimal participation in Agricultural Planning, Implementation and Monitoring by the communities. Poor post harvesting handling facilities that further reduce the value of farm produce that is presented on the market. 50 VETERINARY Situation Analysis The current livestock population in Bugiri is characterized by slow growing low producing indigenous stock that does not meet the local demand for animal proteins. The majority of the cattle are the indigenous zebu that produce about one liter of milk/day. The annual average per capita milk consumption is a mere 0.248 liters compared to the national average of 40 liters and the FAO recommended consumption of at least 220 liters. The egg production is equally very low about 80% of eggs consumed in the district are brought in from Jinja and Mukono mainly. The prevalence of livestock diseases further compounds livestock production. It is estimated that 30% of the calves born annually die of tick borne diseases; while trypanosomosis is responsible for the death of 20-30% of our stock annually. The livestock disease control facilities like the cattle plunge dips that were established in 1960 collapsed during the economic strife that country went through in 1970s. The population of Bugiri and Uganda at large is rapidly growing; Bugiri for example has one of the highest fertility rate in the country of 7.2 The demand for animal proteins is therefore is very high. This calls for efficient Animal Health and Animal Production Delivery Systems that will lead to improved livestock production on the smallholder farms that are the main producers of animal products in the District and the country. SWOT Analysis Strength within Potential for paddock dairy farming exist in Bukooli North where there is relatively few human population. Farmers in the south and central parts of the district are taking on zero grazing. Existence of livestock disease control facilities like dips that are being renovated, Availability of qualified veterinary staff in the district (though few) Existence of a big local market that can support both commercial dairy, poultry and pig farming. Attraction of elite proportion of the population to livestock farming will certainly increase uptake of modern livestock farming techniques by other farmers. Weaknesses Nonfunctional Local Veterinary Project Community Management committees Low community mobilization by the few veterinary staff available and other community leaders Inadequate qualified veterinary staff in the district. Inadequate transport logistics Opportunities Existence of a big local and regional market for livestock products Presence of indigenous livestock breeds whose productivity can be increased through use of cross breeding technologies 51 Existence of seasonal water points that can be improved to provide water for livestock all; year round. Location of Bugiri along Kampala – Malaba Highway provides extra marketing opportunities for livestock and other agricultural products. Availability of crop by-products like maize and rice bran that can incorporated in livestock rations, reduces further on the cost of livestock production. Sustained supply of drugs and veterinary supplies by the private sector Threats Low response to livestock disease control programmes like vaccination Theft of livestock and poultry discourages farmers to engage in these enterprises. Occurrence of un-treatable diseases like African swine fever discourages farmers to go in for pig farming though this can be controlled by confining pigs. High illiteracy rate among the farming community that lowers adaptation of recommended livestock production techniques. Delayed re-structuring of the production department to facilitate filling gaps that exist in the department. Agriculture Situational analysis Most farmers are faced with problems of striga weeds which lowers the productivity of cereal crops. In addition, farmers have continuously faced prolonged droughts at critical growth stages of these annual crops. There is low capital base amongst the majority of the farmers which fails them to shift from subsistence to market oriented farming with emphasis on perennial crops production which have value addition and generate more income. There are still few farmers who are practicing the growing of perennial crops like oranges, avocados, mangoes and pineapples. Entomology Situation Analysis Bugiri District lies in an endemic Tsetse and trypanosomiasis zone. Since 1900s when sleeping sickness was first reported in Uganda, the district has experienced episodes of both sleeping sickness and Nagana outbreaks, the most recent being the 1985 sleeping sickness epidemic that affected south – Eastern Uganda. By 1997 when the district was established, the average tsetse density was 20 FTD and the incidence of Nagana in livestock was 30% and healthy facilities were reporting 2 cases of sleeping sickness monthly. This prompted the department to institute the following measures to check on tsetse flies and trypanosomiasis, which they transmit: - 52 Purchase and deploy tsetse control traps in the high risk tsetse infested areas especially in the northern part of the district. Sensitization of the community on the dangers and control of tsetse flies. Encouragement of the sub county local councils to prioritize tsetse and trypanosomiasis control. Collaboration with the Veterinary Department in implementation of the community cattle spray programmes. These measures have resulted in significant reduction of tsetse densities and incidence of trypanosomiasis. For example by April, 2005 the tsetse density had reduced from 20 FTD to 0.02 FTD (95.4%) and the incidence of nagana had also fallen from 30% to estimate 7% (a drop of 76%). This situation has however changed drastically due to reduction in tsetse trapping caused by reduced funding to the sector resulting from the winding up of the FITCA project that has been the main funding source of the sector activities. This is demonstrated by the March 2007 survey data that showed an average apparent tsetse density of 0.94 FTD in 57 monitoring sites cases. There was 1009% increase of tsetse density in Nakavule parish in Kapyanga sub- County. Apiculture is being promoted to diversity rural incomes of farmers and also contributes to the improved health of the community. By 1997 only 10 improved beehives were available in the district. The number has now risen to 450 Improved Kenya Top Bar (KTB) hives. The honey production per hive is still low (4kg instead of the accepted average 10kg). Strategies to address this low productivity have been developed. Commerce and Trade Most people lack the savings culture and live from hand to mouth. Increased savings, productivity value addition and addressing the trade related issues are the key to poverty eradication, which could generate some income to the community for appropriate investment. The sector will institute the following measures to respond to the situation Contribute to the increased household incomes by promoting the culture of savings among the community. Ensure compliance with trade related laws and regulations in the District. Build the capacity of farmers to market and add value to their products. Promote and encourage tourism in the District as an alternative source of income. Strength within Existence of village savings groups Existence of SACCOs in every sub county Government willingness to extend support to SACCOs Weaknesses Low savings culture among the community members Members are more interested in cash and other handouts than knowledge Misconception of the program implementation by many stakeholders 53 Opportunities availability of SACCO groups in all sub counties Government willingness to extend support to SACCOs Threats Lack of clear funding to this sector Biting poverty Lack of Technical human resource in most of the SACCOs Facilitation of SACCO’s Micro Finance Support Centre 2010 – 2011 Amount Received By SACCOS From Micro Finance Support Center NAME OF SACCO UNIDE IN BUGIRI TOWN COUNCIL MEMBERSHIP LOAN AMOPUNT 550 10,000,000 MUTERERE TWEKEMBE SACCO IN MUTERERE S/C 352 10,000,000 BUWUNGA SUB COUNTY SACCO BUWUNGA S/C 194 5,000,000 BULIDHA DEVELOPMENT SACCO BULIDHA S/C 348 5,000,000 BUDHAYA TWEGAITE SACCO BUDHAYA S/C 5,000,000 BUGIRI CENTRAL MARKET SACCO BUGIRI T/C 28,000,000 TOTAL 63,000,000 Saving mobilization most active SACCOS in the District NAME OF THE SACCO SAVINGS PORTIFOLI LOAN PORTIFOLIO BUGRI RURAL IN BUGIRI T/C 56,552,000 96,874,220 NANKOMA RURAL IN NANKOMA S/C 78,004,500 113,000,300 NANKOMA SACCO IN NANKOMA S/C UNIDE IN BUGIRI TOWN COUNCIL 16,002,240 34,000,800 26,672,800 55,745,100 MUTERERE TWEKEMBE SACCO IN MUTERERE S/C 4,726,100 BUWUNGA SUB COUNTY SACCO BUWUNGA S/C 3,488,400 BULIDHA DEVELOPMENT SACCO BULIDHA S/C 2,818,800 BUDHAYA TWEGAITE SACCO BUDHAYA S/C 2,844,750 5,928,000 BUGIRI CENTRAL MARKET SACCO BUGIRI T/C BUGIRI CENTRAL TEACHERS SACCA TOTALS 54 4,823,307 7,800,600 7,782,000 8,789,914 20,428,000 2,112,900 3,921,120 199,150,490 353,165,361 Expected support from Micro Finance Support Centre 2014-2015 Amount requested expected by each respective SACCO Name of SACCO BUGRI RURAL IN BUGIRI T/C NANKOMA RURAL IN NANKOMA S/C 80,000,000 50,000,000 NANKOMA SACCO IN NANKOMA S/C 30,000,000 Totals 160,000,000 Why SACCO do not access Micro Finance Support Centre services · Lack of collateral/ security for credit access · Inadequate information about financial services in most of the rural areas and semi urban setting · The fear to lose their property after failing to pay the loan advanced SACCO Challenges · High loan default rate which makes recovery of loans very difficult and this hinders the growth in the loan others miss out. · Clients are not enterprising enough as most of them would miss out during the application screening · Seasonal factors, others are affected by seasonal factors especially those engaged in agriculture and this af repayment plan 55 8. COUNCIL, BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS Council Objectives The District Council holding statutory meetings To formulate local government policies and enact local laws. To improve the quality of policy formulation District Service Commission (DSC) There is a functional District Service Commission currently comprising of 3 members with a gap of two more members to make it fully constituted with 5 members as required by law. The District Service Commission has an office block and is currently comfortably carrying out business in a more spacious and appropriate environment thanks to the Government of Uganda implementation of the Local Government management and Service Delivery Programme (LGMSDP) Objectives To recruit and retain competent staff in the district & urban local council To attract, recruit and retain competent staff in the district and urban council. To hold DSC regular manpower related meetings District Land Board (DLB) Objectives: To harmonize land management in the district The DLB holding regular meetings related to Land Management aimed at harmonizing land matters and minimizing land disputes. Public Accounts committee (PAC) Objectives: To ensure that officers comply with legal provisions on use of public funds and assets The PAC, holding regular meetings to ensure the effective and efficient use of government resources and value for money. Procurement and Disposal Unit (PDU) The unit currently has 2 members of staff i.e., Senior Procurement, Procurement Officer 56 Objectives To ensure availability of appropriate goods and services for service Delivery To ensure timely production of minutes, bids, reports and other documents. To guide the procurement process and service provision. To ensure timely communication and coordination of procurement activities. Creation of good working environment. The District Contracts Committee holding regular meetings aimed at the efficient and effective procurement of goods and services and disposal of public assets. 57 9. WORKS AND TECHNICAL SERVICES The Department’s mandate is to plan, develop and maintain an adequate, efficient and effective infrastructure and/or system to facilitate increased access to road transportation, education, health, administrative services, safe water and sanitation and in so doing contribute to the social – economic development. This is achieved under the sectors of Civil Works (Roads and buildings), Water and Sanitation, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering. 58 Civil Works (Roads and Buildings) The broad function of this sector includes: Provide technical guidance and advisory services to Council and the local community. Preparation of Development Plans, Annual Work plans, Progress Reports and Budget Requests. Construction and/or maintenance of roads, bridges, swamp crossings and buildings including field supervision, inspection, monitoring and evaluation to ascertain quality, safety and standards of construction. Harnessing community involvement in the development, maintenance and monitoring of Private and Public Works. These functions are funded from the resources of the Central Government transfers to Road Maintenance, Equalization Grant, Local Government Development Grants, Primary Health Care, School Facilities Grant, Plan for Modernization of Agriculture and Local Revenue. The road network provides various types of services, with some roads serving national interests such as transnational commerce. Others serve internal district needs such as access to local health, administrative and educational facilities, providing for local farm to market transport and generally serving trips with both origins and destinations within the district. For purposes of planning and budgeting, each of the district’s roads has been classified based on the service features or function of the road. The classification is: a) District Class I Roads: Roads that serve national interests and satisfy established criteria for secondary and tertiary road systems of the classified national network. b) District Class II Roads: Roads that provide basic internal transportation needs for the district, including direct access from population centres to public health, educational, market and administrative facilities. c) District Class III Roads: Roads that are typically low traffic volume roads (less than 20 vehicles/day) including culde-sacs extending into the district’s lightly populated peripheral areas. d) Community Roads: Mainly are earth and typically very low traffic volume roads and cul-de sacs extending into the communities at sub-county level. The sector expects to fill the positions that are vacant. This in addition to the equipment that the sector has will enable it to fulfill her mandate. The sector will have to extend the current office in order to accommodate the new staff to be recruited. SWOT Analysis Strengths Availability of technical staff Supportive Central Government and district council Policies towards the functions of the sector Availability of machinery, vehicles, office equipment and tools for implementation of sector mandate. Supportive Technical staff in other sectors towards the functions of the sector 59 Weakness Technical staff not having specialized training Lack of appreciation of Operation and maintenance Opportunities Continued financial support from the Central Government towards the sector. Central Government National days of Tree Planting, Environment Day, Women’s Day Central Government programmes of Rural Electrification. Central Government taking over 72km of the district road network. Threats Unstable funding Low attitude towards Operation and maintenance by both district technical staff and the local community. Declining tree population that would otherwise have acted as windbreakers. Mechanical Engineering This sector oversees that maintenance of the district’s vehicles, motorcycles, road maintenance machinery and tools. The broad function of this sector includes: Supervise and Coordinate mechanical maintenance works. Provide technical guidance and advisory services to Council and the local community. Preparation of maintenance plans, Annual Work plans, Progress Reports and Budget Requests. Carry out surveys to establish viability of the vehicular/motorcycle fleet in use in the district. These functions are funded from the resources of the Central Government transfers to Road Maintenance, Local Government Development Grants, Primary Health Care, Plan for Modernization of Agriculture and Local Revenue. The sector expects to filled some of the vacant positions. This in addition to the equipment and tools that the sector has will enable it to fulfill her mandate. Electrical Engineering This sector oversees those electrical requirements of the district. The broad function of this sector includes: Supervise and Coordinate electrical works. Provide technical guidance and advisory services to Council and the local community. Preparation of maintenance plans, Annual Work plans, Progress Reports and Budget Requests. Carry out surveys to establish viability of the electrical needed in the district. 60 These functions are funded from the resources of the Central Government transfers to Road Maintenance, Local Government Development Grants, Primary Health Care, Plan for Modernization of Agriculture and Local Revenue. WATER AND SANITATION It is general knowledge that water is life. Man can live without food for 40 days. But man cannot stay for more than 7 days without water and live. Water is therefore essential for human survival. Not only is water essential for life but it is also a key driver of socio-economic wellbeing and political stability of communities. Scarcity of water contributes to poverty as documented in most poverty studies. Absence of water can also fuel conflict between and amongst communities. It is therefore not surprising that government has made water one of the priority sectors for development Mission of the Water Sector The overall mission of the water sector in Uganda is to contribute to the eradication of Poverty by providing sustainable supply of safe water and sanitation facilities to communities. The sector aims at achieving 77% water coverage by 2015. This mission is derived from the Millennium Development Goals. Current Situation Safe water coverage as measured by the proportion of people that can be served by improved water facilities is at 52.7%. Staffing and Personnel Water and Sanitation Sector is in the Works department. The sector is headed by the Senior Engineer-Water/District Water Officer. The other staff includes Assistant Engineering Officers. WATER AND SANITATION STATUS IN THE DISTRICT AS AT FEBRUARY 2015. NO Sub County 1 Budhaya 2 Bugiri T/C 3 Bulesa 4 Bulidha 5 Buluguyi 6 Buwunga 7 Iwemba TECHNOLOGY TYPES Non Total %ge Rainwater Functional Function Sources covera Boreholes al ge Borehole Sub s County. Populat Bore Shallo ion holes w Harvestin Wells g 28,479 Springs Total 42 4 14 7 67 3 70 55.5 9 23 3 0 35 0 35 43.4 45 10 20 0 75 3 78 53.8 13 40 9 104 166 1 167 68.3 31 9 19 6 65 3 68 57.7 50 10 19 7 86 3 89 49.3 21 8 10 0 39 4 43 56.9 29,013 40,363 25,606 31,993 46,979 19,999 61 per 8 Kapyanga 9 Muterere 10 Nabukalu 11 Nankoma 60,711 28,028 36,807 42,098 390,07 6 54 11 35 0 100 5 105 45.1 34 2 29 12 77 4 81 58.9 23 17 7 7 54 3 57 40.9 43 10 42 1 96 2 98 59.7 365 144 207 144 860 31 891 52.7 62
