Tourism Revision Sheet
Key Idea
The global growth of
tourism has seen the
exploitation of a range
of different
environments for
holidaymakers.
Content
Case Studies
Reasons for the global increase in tourism.
Why has tourism grown
globally?
The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas
for the development of tourism.
The economic importance of tourism to countries in
contrasting parts of the world.
1 example for each city,
mountain and coastal.
Knowledge of the economic
importance of tourism to
range of different countries
such as USA, Spain, France,
Dubai, Italy, China etc.
Detailed knowledge on the
growth of tourism in the UK
since 1950.
Effective management
Contribution of tourism to the UK economy.
strategies are the key to
the continuing
Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK. Terrorism or natural disaster
prosperity of tourist
case study showing how
areas in the UK.
Tourist area/resort/Butler life cycle model.
tourism was affected. (9/11 or
Boxing Day 2004 Tsunami)
Detailed knowledge of the
stages of the Butler Model.
Revised
/Date
Mass tourism has
advantages for an area
but strategies need to
be in place to reduce
the likelihood of longterm damage.
A case study of either a UK National Park or a UK
coastal resort. The reasons for its growth as a tourist
destination.
The effectiveness of strategies to cope with the impact
of large numbers of tourists. Plans to ensure the
continuing success of the tourism industry in the area.
The Lake District.
The meaning of mass tourism.
Define mass tourism.
A case study of an established tropical tourist area
which attracts large numbers of visitors.
Jamaica.
Detail what the impacts are
here and how they are being
managed sustainably.
The positive and negative effects of mass tourism on
the economy and environment.
Strategies for maintaining the importance of tourism in
the area and reducing its negative effects.
How is this done in Jamaica?
Details needed.
The attractions of extreme environments to tourists.
Extreme environments
are susceptible to
environmental damage
from the development
of tourism.
Antarctica.
The increased demand for adventure holidays.
The impact of tourism on an extreme environment.
A case study of one extreme area and the extent to
which it can cope with the development of a tourist
industry.
Why is it fragile? Why does it
need protecting?
Sustainability requires
the development of
ecotourism.
The need for stewardship and conservation.
Define these.
A case study of the ways that ecotourism can benefit
the environment, the local economy and the lives of
the people.
Your choice: Galapagos in
text book.
A consideration that this form of tourism can
contribute to sustainable development.
Revision Ideas:
The main case studies are The Lake District, Jamaica, Antarctica and Galapagos. Make a mini booklet outlining the
main points about each. Add images to bring them to life.
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Work with a friend and each write a 10-question short answer quiz, swap quizzes and test each other.
Using a large sheet of paper mind map the topic, linking ideas together with arrows and illustrating with cartoon
images.
Practice the following exam style longer answer questions. Remember detail is required when talking about
specific case studies.
Q. Choose either a National Park or a coastal resort in the UK
Name of National Park or coastal resort ............................................................................
Describe one or more strategies that your chosen area has used to maintain a successful tourism industry. 8 MARKS
Q. Describe how an ecotourism development can benefit future generations. 6 MARKS (use a case study even if it
doesn’t ask)
Q. Describe how a named area with an extreme environment is coping with an increasing number of tourists. 6 MARKSUse Antarctic case study.
Tourism Key Words
Key words
Economic importance of tourism
Life cycle model
National Park
Honeypot site
Mass tourism
Extreme environments
Stewardship
Conservation
The Butler Model (Life cycle model)
Definitions
Tourism is an important part of the economies of many richer countries. Today it is
increasingly seen by developing countries as one of the best ways to earn
foreign income, provide jobs and improve standards of living.
A theoretical model used to describe the changes that take place as a tourist
resort develops.
An area where development is limited and planning controlled. The landscape is
regarded as unusual and valuable and therefore worth looking after.
Somewhere that attracts a large number of tourists who, due to their numbers,
place pressure on the environment and people.
Tourism on a large scale to one country or region. This is linked to the
development and consolidation phases of the Butler tourist resort life cycle
model.
Locations with difficult environments where tourism has only recently occurred
due to people wanting to visit somewhere with different physical challenges.
The personal responsibility for us all for looking after things, in this case the
environment. No one should damage the present or future environment.
The thoughtful use of resources; managing the landscape in order to protect
ecosystems and cultural features.
This life cycle model says that any tourist resort starts on a small scale, develops
into something more significant, then either goes into decline or makes changes
to maintain its attractions. There are six stages.
Exploration, Involvement, Development, Consolidation, Stagnation, Decline or
Rejuvination.
Tourism Case Studies
Dubai
France
Context and link to syllabus
The economic importance of
tourism to countries in
contrasting parts of the world.
Knowledge of the economic
importance of tourism to range
of different countries such as
USA, Spain, France, Dubai, Italy,
China etc.
The economic importance of
tourism to countries in
contrasting parts of the world.
Knowledge of the economic
importance of tourism to range
of different countries such as
USA, Spain, France, Dubai, Italy,
China etc.
USA
The economic importance of
tourism to countries in
contrasting parts of the world.
Content
-UAE (Dubai is one of the United Arab Emirates).
-Arabian gulf coast.
Easily accessible from Europe, Asia and Africa (120 airline fly there). Hotel
revenue increasing. Numbers of visitors expected to grow to 15 million by 2015,
which would make Dubai one of the world’s top tourist destinations.
-Duty free shopping malls.
-Emirates airline based in Dubai carries millions of passengers, many who stop
over in Dubai as part of their trip.
-Sightseeing popular, markets, zoo, water sports especially diving.
-Europe
-France attracted 83 million foreign tourists in 2012, making it the most popular
tourist destination in the world.
-France has 37 sites inscribed in UNESCO's World Heritage List and features cities
of high cultural interest (Paris being the foremost, but also Toulouse, Strasbourg,
Bordeaux, Lyon, and others), beaches and seaside resorts, ski resorts, and rural
regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (green tourism).
-In 2012, travel and tourism directly contributed EUR77.7 billion to French GDP,
30% of which comes from international visitors and 70% from domestic tourism
spending. The total contribution of travel and tourism represents 9.7% of GDP
and supports 2.9 million jobs (10.9% of employment) in the country.
Tourism in the United States is a large industry that serves millions of international
and domestic tourists yearly. Tourists visit the US to see natural wonders, cities,
historic landmarks, and entertainment venues. Americans seek similar
Knowledge of the economic
importance of tourism to range
of different countries such as
USA, Spain, France, Dubai, Italy,
China etc.
Tourism in
the UK since
1950
Contribution of tourism to the UK
economy.
Impact of external factors on
visitor numbers to the UK.
Detailed knowledge on the
growth of tourism in the UK since
1950.
attractions, as well as recreation and vacation areas.
The travel and tourism industry in the United States was among the first
commercial casualties of the September 11, 2001 attacks, a series of terrorist
attacks on the US. Terrorists used four commercial airliners as weapons of
destruction, all of which were destroyed in the attacks with 3,000 casualties.
Tourists spend more money in the United States than any other country, while
attracting the second-highest number of tourists after France. The discrepancy
may be explained by longer stays in the US.
Tourism world’s largest industry- greatest providers of jobs and income in all
countries.
Domestic tourism grew in the 1950s and 1960s in the UK.
Social and economic factors
1950s- people became wealthier, higher incomes more money for luxuries.
More leisure time.
Holiday leave from work increased.
Higher life expectancy.
Improvements in technology
Travel today is quick and easy, motorways, airport expansion and faster aircraft.
Flying has become cheaper and booking online is quick and easy.
Expansion of holiday choice
1950-1960 coastal resorts popular in the UK and National Parks were opening.
1970s decline in seaside holidays competition from cheap package holidays
abroad, especially Spain.
Packages now available all over the world.
Ecotourism now developing.
World Trade
Centre
September
11th 2001
(USA)
Terrorism or natural disaster case
study showing how tourism was
affected. (9/11 or Boxing Day
2004 Tsunami)
Blackpool
Detailed knowledge of the
stages of the Butler Model.
The Lake
District
A case study of either a UK
National Park or a UK coastal
resort. The reasons for its growth
as a tourist destination.
The effectiveness of strategies to
cope with the impact of large
numbers of tourists. Plans to
UK earns over £114 billion every year from tourism.
1.1 million tourists travelled to London for the Royal Wedding (2011).
The destruction of the world trade centre in New York on 11th September 2001
had a huge impact on travel. The USA stepped up its security overnight, as did
the UK and the EU. Airport security checks have multiplied and check in times
increased.
-People afraid to fly.
-Tourism did pick up again afterwards with many people visiting the ‘ground
zero’ site to see where the attack happened (Black tourism).
UK coastal tourism resort
Lancashire coast, NW England. Boomed 1900-1950. Package holidays abroad
ruined Blackpool as these created huge competition. Blackpool’s summer
weather was unpredictable.
Decline: did attract some private investment and local authority grants to
upgrade hotels. Blackpool illuminations: famous light show.
The super casino: One way to get out of decline was to apply to the
government to be the home of the first super casino. Blackpool lost to
Manchester.
Today: Blackpool Master plan, promoting it as a shopping and conference
centre and short break destination. Popular with stag and hen parties. In 2010,
Blackpool council purchased the famous Winter Gardens and embarked upon
refurbishment.
Attractions: The great outdoors! Lakes offer many leisure activities. Walking.
History and culture.
Impacts of tourism: 12million tourists per year only 42,000 residents.
Traffic problems, narrow lanes, honeypot sites, property pressure, holiday homes.
Environmental issues: water sports banned on some lakes, fuel spills and erosion.
HOW IS TOURISM MANAGED SUSTAINABLY? Traffic: larger roads built around the
edge to move traffic in and out as efficiently as possible. Transport hubs to allow
ensure the continuing success of
the tourism industry in the area.
Jamaica
A case study of an established
tropical tourist area which
attracts large numbers of visitors.
The positive and negative
effects of mass tourism on the
economy and environment.
Strategies for maintaining the
importance of tourism in the
area and reducing its negative
effects.
Antarctica
The attractions of extreme
environments to tourists.
The increased demand for
adventure holidays.
The impact of tourism on an
extreme environment.
A case study of one extreme
area and the extent to which it
can cope with the development
interchange between parking, buses, boats, cycles. Traffic calming measures,
no heavy lorries.
Bus lanes, park and ride, use of low carbon vehicles.
Honeypot: Footpaths repaired/reinforced. Parking: Cannot park on verges, car
park surfaces reinforced. Litter: Bins and signs.
CONFLICT: Between tourism and farming.
Positive impact: employment but visitor numbers unpredictable.
Why attracts?
Beaches, hotels, water sports, fishing, caving, gardens, golf, wildlife, national
park.
POSITIVE: Jobs, new infrastructure, new leisure facilities, tax created.
NEGATIVE: Seasonal, large travel companies make most money, jobs not well
paid, farmers sell land which reduces food production, tourists prefer own food,
culture clashes.
Community tourism: Visitor stays in local peoples home, great interaction
between visitors and locals, supports local businesses and uses fewer resources.
Ecotourism: Nature reserves eco lodges, low density keeps pressure off
environment.
Antarctica: Physical challenge.
Honeypot sites developed quickly due to limited landing sites.
Management: Activities offered are walking kayaking, skiing, scuba diving, small
aircraft flights. Tourists spend short time ashore- can disturb wildlife.
Oil spills possible from ships.
All tour operators are members of IAATO (International Association of Antarctic
Tour Operators).
No visits to SSSI (Sites of special scientific interest) such as Bird Island.
Permit must be gained for any activities on the continent. No ship carrying over
500 passengers can land.
Galapagos
Islands
of a tourist industry.
A case study of the ways that
ecotourism can benefit the
environment, the local economy
and the lives of the people.
Concern for the future that these rules will be relaxed.
50 volcanic islands. 90% National Park status, protection began in the 1930s.
Most fragile and precious in the world. First Unesco World Heritage Site in 1979.
Strict rules: small boats, onshore at specific locations only in limited numbers.
Visitors are given accurate information on damage prevention. (Education).
A consideration that this form of
tourism can contribute to
sustainable development.
Benefits: Environmental, can contribute to sustainable development; money
contributes towards conservation.
Problems: Honeypot sites and pollution.