SW ARTL AND M UNI CIP ALI TY
Disclaimer
This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of SWARTLAND
MUNICIPALITY, and is subject to and issued in accordance with the agreement between
SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY and Worley Parsons RSA (Pty) Ltd. Worley Parsons RSA (Pty)
Ltd accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for it in respect of any use of or reliance
upon this report by any third party.
Copying this report without the permission of SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY and Worley
Parsons RSA (Pty) Ltd is not permitted.
PROJECT 268820KDO – SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY’S BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE
AUDIT
REV
Draft
Final
DESCRIPTION
Draft issued for external
review
Final document issued to
Client
ORIG
REVIEW
WORLEYPARSONS
APPROVAL
JT Human
Author
JT Human
Author
JT Human
A Reviewer
JT Human
A Reviewer
JT Human
Approval
JT Human
Approval
DATE
2013-06-21
2013-12-19
CLIENT
APPROVAL
DATE
Approval
Approval
2013-03-15/WATERDEPT/GEORGE(JH)
i
268820KD0 : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY
BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... vii
KEY TERMS ..................................................................................................................................................................... viii
WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................ix
TREATMENT PROCESSES ................................................................................................................................ x
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. xi
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1
Appointment .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Methodology followed ........................................................................................................................................... 4
1.
WATER SAFETY PLANNING........................................................................................... 11
1.1
WATER SAFETY PLANNING PROCESS .......................................................................................... 11
1.1.1
WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM ........................................................................................................... 13
1.1.2
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................. 14
1.2
RISK ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW OF CONTROL MEASURES .................................................... 25
1.2.1
RISK ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................... 25
1.2.1.1
Hazards and hazardous event identification ....................................................................................... 25
1.2.1.2
Assessment of the risks ...................................................................................................................... 26
1.2.2
RISK MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................... 28
1.2.2.1
Control measures ................................................................................................................................ 28
1.2.2.2
Verification and validation of control measures .................................................................................. 31
1.2.3
REASSESS AND PRIORITIZE RISKS ............................................................................................... 31
1.2.4
IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN .................................................................................................. 32
1.2.4.1
Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Water Treatment Works ............................... 32
1.2.4.2
Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Distribution Systems .................................... 32
1.2.5
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WSP ....................................................................................................... 38
1.2.6
SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES ......................................................................................................... 39
1.2.7
ESTABLISH DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES .................................... 41
1.2.8
REVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WSP........................................................................................................ 41
1.3
RISK BASED MONITORING PROGRAMMES ................................................................................... 41
1.3.1
OPERATIONAL MONITORING .......................................................................................................... 42
1.3.1.1
Routine monitoring of Process Indicators (Monitoring Activity 1) ....................................................... 42
1.3.1.2
Follow-up monitoring on the Water Quality Risk Assessment (Monitoring Activity 2) ........................ 45
1.3.2
COMPLIANCE MONITORING ............................................................................................................ 48
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
i
268820KD0 : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.3.3
METHODS USED FOR SAMPLING ................................................................................................... 50
1.4
CREDIBILITY AND SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY DATA .................................... 50
1.4.1
TESTING LABORATORY AND ACCREDITATION ............................................................................ 50
1.4.2
TRAINING AND CONTROL MEASURES TO ENSURE SAMPLING CREDIBILITY ......................... 50
1.4.3
SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY RESULTS ............................................................. 51
1.5
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................ 51
1.5.1
WATER AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES .................................................................. 51
2.
DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL .................. 58
2.1
COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION - WORKS CLASSIFICATION .................................................. 58
2.1.1
DESCRIPTION OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS .......................................................................... 58
2.1.2
CLASSIFICATION OF THE WATER TREATMENT WORKS ............................................................. 58
2.2
COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION - PROCESS CONTROLLER REGISTRATION ....................... 59
2.3
AVAILABILITY OF SIGNED WTW LOGBOOKS ................................................................................ 59
3.
DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE ................................................................. 60
3.1
COMPLIANCE PER DETERMINAND................................................................................................. 60
3.2
RISK ASSESSMENT DEFINED HEALTH INDEX .............................................................................. 60
3.3
OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY INDEX ................................................................................................ 61
4.
MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION ................................. 61
4.1
MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT ......................................................................................................... 61
4.2
PUBLICATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE ..................... 62
4.3
SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS / PERFORMANCE AGREEMENTS ............................................ 63
5.
ASSET MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................... 64
5.1
ANNUAL PROCESS AUDIT ............................................................................................................... 64
5.1.1
Annual Detailed Audit of Assets, Infrastructure and Water Section Personnel .................................. 64
5.1.2
Quarterly and Annual Monitoring of the Water Treatment Works ....................................................... 65
5.2
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSET REGISTER ............................................................................. 65
5.3
AVAILABILITY AND COMPETENCE OF MAINTENANCE TEAM ..................................................... 67
5.4
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS ............................................................................ 68
5.5
MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE ........................................... 69
5.6
DESIGN CAPACITIES AND OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS .... 69
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
ii
268820KD0 : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Annexure A:
WATER SAFETY PLANNING PROCESS
Annexure AA: WSP Team
Agenda, Attendance Register and Risk Methodology for discussion with WSP Team
Annexure AB: Flow diagrams of the Swartland Municipality’s internal water distribution systems
Flow diagrams of the West Coast DM’s Bulk water distribution systems and WTWs
Annexure AC: Locality Maps and Aerial photos of water and sewer distribution networks for each of the
water supply systems
Quaternary Catchments of Swartland Municipality
Annexure AD: Factors for consideration during the documentation and description of the systems.
Annexure AE: Evaluation of Catchment and Raw Water Source (Perdeberg Dam).
Distribution risk evaluations
Annexure AF: Hazards and hazardous events and assessment of the risks
Existing control measures, reassessment and prioritization of the risks.
Improvement / Upgrade Plan
Capital Budget 2013/2014
Control Measures of the West Coast District Municipality
Risk Assessment of the West Coast District Municipality
Annexure AG: Operational Sampling Programme of the West Coast District Municipality
Compliance Sampling Programme of the West Coast District Municipality
Equipment and Techniques used for sampling by the West Coast District Municipality
Annexure AH: Laboratory Details: Accreditation, Proficiency and Use of Results
West Coast District Municipality’s Proficiency Testing Programmes
Annexure AI:
Water and Safety Management Procedures
Disaster Management Structure and Disaster Response Flowchart
Incident Register
Annexure AJ:
Existing Control Measure Sheets and Work Schedules
Annexure B:
DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL
Classifications Certificates of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs
Registration Certificates of Process Controllers and Supervisors for the West Coast District Municipality’s
WTWs
Annexure C:
DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE
Compliance Sample Results
Compliance Monitoring Parameters (SANS241: 2011 Drinking Water Specifications)
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
iii
268820KD0 : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Annexure D: MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION
Water Quality Compliance Publications issued by the West Coast District Municipality
Service Level Agreement with the West Coast District Municipality
Annexure E: ASSET MANAGEMENT
Water Distribution System Pipe Replacement Study
Asset Register 2011-2012
Updated Organogram and Maintenance Teams for Swartland Municipality
Updated Organogram and Maintenance Teams for the West Coast District Municipality
Capability Statements of External Contractors
Operational and Maintenance Manuals for Filtration Plant, Disinfection Plant and Pump Stations
Operational and Maintenance Budget for Water Services
West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs Flows
REFERENCES
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
iv
268820KD0 : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 1.1.1
Table 1.1.1.1
Table 1.1.2.1
Table 1.1.2.2
Table 1.1.2.3
Table 1.1.2.4
Table 1.1.2.5
Table 1.1.2.6
Table 1.1.2.7
Table 1.1.2.8
Table 1.1.2.9
Table 1.1.2.10
Table 1.2.1.1.1
Table 1.2.1.1.2
Table 1.2.1.2.1
Table 1.2.1.2.2
Table 1.2.1.2.3
Table 1.2.2.1.1
Table 1.2.2.1.2
Table 1.2.2.1.3
Table 1.2.3.1
Table 1.2.4.2.1
Table 1.2.4.2.2
Table 1.2.4.2.3
Table 1.2.4.2.4
Table 1.2.4.2.1.1
Table 1.2.4.2.1.2
Table 1.2.8.1
Table 1.3.1.1.1
Table 1.3.1.1.2
Table 1.3.1.1.3
Table 1.3.1.1.4
Table 1.3.1.2.1
Blue drop performance of the Municipality (DWA’s 2011 Blue Drop Report) .......................... 3
Steps involved in conducting an assessment based on the WSP approach........................... 4
The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality
with their Water Safety Plan .................................................................................................... 5
The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality
with their Blue Water Services Performance Audit .................................................................. 7
DWA’s Water Safety Planning KPIs and percentages for the various years ........................... 12
Overview of the various WSP Team members ........................................................................ 14
Existing water supply systems, water sources and water treatment processes ...................... 15
Factors considered during the documentation and description of the distribution systems .... 16
Summary of distribution systems ............................................................................................. 16
Summary of relative importance and ranking of the quaternary catchments in the Berg
River Catchment ...................................................................................................................... 17
Bulk water supply to the various towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area ......... 19
Allocations and expected future annual water demand for Withoogte, Swartland and
Langebaan Road ..................................................................................................................... 19
Summary of existing water sources, alternative sources and comments on the
interconnectivity and conditions of the source ......................................................................... 21
Population served by each of the distribution systems (Exclude farms in the rural areas) ..... 21
Overview of the water use within the various systems, the susceptibility of the end users
and particularly vulnerable sub-groups .................................................................................... 22
Existing reservoirs and water pump stations for which Swartland Municipality is
responsible. .............................................................................................................................. 22
Potential hazards and hazardous events evaluated by the WSP Team ................................. 25
Summary of recalculated risks for the Withoogte and Swartland bulk distribution
systems, as included in their Water Safety Plan ..................................................................... 26
Hazard assessment matrix used to score existing risks .......................................................... 27
Overview of the risk profile based on the score calculated from the risk assessment
matrix ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Potential hazards or hazardous events that scored medium or high during Swartland
Municipality’s risk assessment process ................................................................................... 27
Existing control measures implemented by Swartland Municipality ........................................ 29
Swartland Municipality’s production boreholes ........................................................................ 30
Swartland Municipality’s production boreholes monitoring ...................................................... 30
Summary of recalculated risks ................................................................................................. 31
Pressures in existing systems ................................................................................................. 33
Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan)..................... 33
Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Swartland Municipality’s distribution
systems .................................................................................................................................... 35
Future pump stations requirements for Swartland Municipality’s distribution systems ........... 35
Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution
systems .................................................................................................................................... 37
Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution
systems .................................................................................................................................... 37
Review schedule for Water Safety Plan .................................................................................. 41
Minimum monitoring frequency for process indicators (SANS 241-2:2011 Table 1) .............. 42
Minimum sample numbers for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in distribution systems
(SANS 241-2:2011 Table 2) .................................................................................................... 43
Current parameters sampled by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland
Municipality: Routine monitoring of Process indicators ........................................................... 43
Current and required sampling for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in the distribution systems ..... 44
Frequency of analysis for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
v
268820KD0 : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.3.1.2.2
Table 1.3.1.2.3
Table 1.5.1.1
Table 1.5.1.2
Table 1.5.1.3
Table 1.5.1.4
Table 1.5.1.5
Table 1.5.1.6
Table 3.2.1
Table 3.3.1
Table 4.1.1
Table 5.1.1.1
Table 5.2.1
Table 5.2.2
Table 5.2.3
Table 5.5.1
Table 5.6.1
Table 5.6.2
Table 5.6.3
the numerical limits in SANS 241-1 (SANS 241-2: 2011 Table 3) .......................................... 45
Additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified
during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011
(January 2012-December 2012 ............................................................................................... 46
Five categories under which the risks posed by micro-organism, physical or aesthetic
property or chemical substance of potable water is normally classified .................................. 47
Actions for various risk categories ........................................................................................... 52
Possible representatives on the ETT ....................................................................................... 52
Risks included in the West Coast District Municipality’s Disaster Management Plan ............. 52
Proposed Incident Management Protocol for health related drinking water quality
incidents ................................................................................................................................... 55
Incident Management Protocol for aesthetic drinking water quality incidents ......................... 56
Example of Drinking Water Quality Incident Register .............................................................. 57
Health categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period January 2012 to
December 2012) ...................................................................................................................... 60
Aesthetic and operational categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period
January 2012 to December 2012) ........................................................................................... 61
Management commitment for the various key documents and processes ............................. 61
The independent factors and the weight factors used to determine the pipe replacement
potential .................................................................................................................................. 64
Current and depreciated replacement cost of the water infrastructure ................................... 65
Overview of the remaining useful life and the age distribution by facility type for the
water infrastructure (CRC) ....................................................................................................... 66
Overview of the age distribution by facility type for the water infrastructure (CRC) ................ 66
Summary of Operational and Maintenance Budget ................................................................. 69
Design capacities of WTWs ..................................................................................................... 69
Design capacities and current flows at WTWs ........................................................................ 70
Daily operating flows at WTWs (m 3/d) ..................................................................................... 70
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
vi
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
AADD
ACIP
BDS
CRC
CU
DM
DRC
DoH
DWA
DWQ
EC
EHP
ETT
FDA
Fe
GAMAP
HH
HL
IDZ
IMP
Kl
Kl/a
KPI
m³/d
Ml
Ml/a
Ml/d
NTU
O&M
PPE
PS
SANS
SDBIP
SM
TDS
TWL
UAW
WCDM
WHO
WRC
WSAs
WSDP
WSIs
WSP
WTW
Average Annual Daily Demand
Accelerated Community Infrastructure Programme
Blue Drop System
Current Replacement Cost
Consumer Unit
District Municipality
Depreciated Replacement Cost
Department of Health
Department of Water Affairs
Drinking Water Quality
Electrical Conductivity
Environmental Health Practitioner
Emergency Task Team
Future Development Area
Iron
General Accepted Municipal Accounting Practices
Household
High Level
Industrial Development Zone
Incident Management Protocol
Kilolitre
Kilolitre per year
Key Performance Indicator
Cubic metre per day
Megalitre
Megalitre per year
Megalitre per day
Nephelometric Turbidity Units
Operation and Maintenance
Personnel Protective Equipment
Pump Station
South African National Standards
Service Delivery Budget Implementation Plan
Swartland Municipality
Total Dissolved Solids
Top Water Level
Unaccounted Water
West Coast District Municipality
World Health Organisation
Water Research Commission
Water Services Authorities
Water Services Development Plan
Water Services Institutions
Water Safety Plan
Water Treatment Works
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
vii
KEY TERMS
TERM
INTERPRETATION
Control Measures
Actions that reduce levels of hazards within water supply systems either by preventing entry,
reducing concentration, or by restricting their production. It is also referred to as “barriers” or
“mitigation measures” and is steps in the drinking-water supply that directly affect drinkingwater quality and ensure the water consistently meets water quality targets. They are
activities and processes applied to reduce or mitigate risks.
Corrective Action
The action to be taken when the results of monitoring indicate a deviation from an operational
or critical limit.
Current Replacement
Cost (CRC)
The cost of replacing the service potential of an existing asset, by reference to some
measure of capacity, with an appropriate modern equivalent asset. GAMAP defines
CRC as the cost the entity would incur to acquire the asset on the reporting date.
Depreciated
Replacement Cost
(DRC)
The replacement cost of an existing asset after deducting an allowance for wear or
consumption to reflect the remaining economic life of the existing asset.
Hazard
Any agent that will cause an adverse health effect if it is consumed via drinking water.
Hazards may be microbiological, physical or chemical in origin.
Hazardous Event
An incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard.
Monitoring
Is the act of conducting a planned series of observations or measurements of operational and
/ or critical limits to assess whether the components of the water supply are operating
properly.
Remaining Useful Life
(RUL)
The time remaining over which an asset is expected to be used.
Supporting
Programmes
Activities that ensure the operating environment, equipment used and the people themselves
do not become an additional source of potential hazards to the drinking water supply.
Validation
Obtaining evidence that the elements of the water safety plan are effective.
Verification
Is the use of methods, procedures or tests in addition to those used in monitoring to
determine if the WSP is in compliance with the stated objectives outlined in the water quality
targets and / or whether the WSP needs modification and revalidation.
A comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all
steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. A WSP includes the following three key
components:
 System assessment, which determines whether the drinking water supply chain (up to the
point of consumption) as a whole can deliver water of a quality that meets national
standards.
Water Safety Plan
 Identification of control measures in a drinking water system that will collectively control
identified risks and ensure that health based targets are met. For each control measure
identified, an appropriate means of operational monitoring should be defined that will
ensure that any deviation from the required performance is rapidly detected in a timely
manner.
 Management plans describing actions taken during normal operation or incident conditions
and documenting the system assessment (including upgrade and improvement), monitoring
and communication plans and supporting programmes.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
viii
WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
Taste and Odour
Taste and odour are generally caused by substances secreted into the water by living organisms such as algae, fungi,
and other micro-organisms. Certain chemical products, even in minute quantities, also give off unpleasant odours, as is
the case when water is overdosed with chlorine.
Unpleasant tastes are generally not health threatening but are unacceptable in drinking water on aesthetic grounds.
Colour
Colour in water is usually not harmful, but many consumers object to a highly coloured water on aesthetic grounds.
Colour in water is due to colloidal organic matter in solution or in suspension.
Organically coloured waters usually have low alkalinity and low pH, making them corrosive to metal pipes and materials,
even normally corrosion resistant copper and galvanised pipes and fittings. Stabilisation of such water is essential to
protect water supply networks.
pH
pH is a measure of the acidity (pH less than 7) or alkalinity (pH greater than 7) of the water. pH stands for potential of
hydrogen. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being the neutral point.
Extreme pH values affect the taste of water – low pH values taste sour and high pH values taste soapy. Highly acidic
waters are also corrosive.
The pH of water is sometimes seen as a chemical characteristic, as many chemical re-actions and biological activities
are controlled by pH.
Turbidity
Turbidity is caused by the presence of colloidal solids, resulting in cloudy or muddy water, which may also affect its taste
and colour. The solid matter usually consists of a mixture of inorganic matter such as clay and silt particles, and organic
matter derived from living organisms such as plant and animals, and having carbon in its molecular structure.
Turbidity in water is aesthetically unattractive, may affect taste and odour, and may indicate poor water quality due to
harmful microbes and inefficient water treatment.
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Electrical Conductivity is a measure of the ease with which water conducts electricity. EC is measured in Siemens (S)
(or millisiemens-mS) per metre.
Conductivity depends on the quantity of dissolved salts in the water. For example, distilled water, which conducts
electricity poorly, has an EC of less than 1 mS/m, while sea water is a very good conductor. Water with an EC above
150 mS/m tastes salty.
Conductivity also gives an indication of the total dissolved salts (TDS) in water.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
Dissolved Organic Substances
Dissolved organic substances are present in most surface water, and are generally harmless, but can impart colour to
the water.
There are also harmful organic substances in water, such as pesticides that find their way into water sources.
Organic compounds in water can serve as a nutrient source for micro-organisms, which can lead to bacterial growth in
water treatment plants and distribution systems. This results in the deterioration of water quality and slime formation in
tanks and pipes.
Total trihalomethanes
Chlorination of colour causing compounds and other organic substances in water may result in the formation of
undesirable by-products, some of which have been found to be potentially carcinogenic (cancer forming). One such
class of compounds is the trihalomethanes (THMs).
Phenols
Phenols and their derivatives are the mark of industrial pollution. Their worst effect is that, in the presence of chlorine,
very small quantities of phenols, (depending on other organic matter in the water), affect the taste of water.
MICROBIOLICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
The measurement of total coliforms is commonly used as an indicator of faecal pollution, and thus the possible
presence of disease causing micro-organisms (pathogens), which may give rise to gastro-intestinal diseases.
Total coliforms comprise several bacterial groups, including those of faecal origin. Faecal coliforms are a subgroup, and
are bacteria found only in the digestive systems of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The most important
bacterium of the faecal coliform group is Escherishia coli (or E.Coli). There are so many types of pathogens that it has
become common practice to only test for total coliforms and faecal coliforms.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
ix
TREATMENT PROCESSES
TREATMENT PROCESSES
Coagulation
Flocculation alone may provide only infrequent collisions and not sufficient flocs. In such circumstances a chemical
coagulant is added to the water before flocculation. Coagulation changes the suspended colloidal particles chemically
so that they clump together (agglomerate) and form flocs.
The most common coagulant used in water treatment is aluminium sulphate (alum). The alum is dissolved in water
tanks and then dosed into the water.
Ferrous sulphate (copperas), ferric sulphate, ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride are also sometimes used as
coagulants.
Lime is also used as coagulant, but does not act in the same way as the aluminium and iron or ferric based coagulants,
which form aluminium or irons when dissolved in water. These ions neutralize the negative charges carried by the
colloidal particles.
When lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to the water it increases the pH, and forms carbonate ions which result calcium
carbonate crystals that trap the colloidal particles in the same way as alum or ferric flocs.
Polyelectrolytes are also used to assist the flocculation process. These are polymetric organic compounds consisting of
long polymer chains that trap the particles in the water.
Flocculation
Flocculation is often considered to be part of coagulation and involves the mixing or stirring of water in which a
coagulant has been added, causing the particles to collide with each other and with the flocs formed by the coagulant.
In this way the destabilized individual colloidal particles are agglomerated and incorporated into the larger flocs.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the process whereby flocs are given the opportunity to settle.
Sedimentation tanks have two functions, the removal of the settleable solids, and the concentration of the removed
solids (sludge) into a smaller volume.
Sludge must be removed from the tanks regularly and according to operating schedules. Insufficient sludge removal
results in the formation of a sludge blanket and sludge being carried over to the filters.
Filtration
The filtration process removes suspended particles from the water by means of a physical barrier. During the process,
water passes through a porous medium in which the particles are trapped.
If the rate of flow is slow, as in slow sand filters, particles are trapped on the surface; when the flow rate is fast, as in
rapid sand filters, the particles are removed when the water passes through a deep bed of filter medium.
Disinfection
Disinfection is a treatment process used to destroy disease causing micro-organisms in water, to ensure that it is safe to
drink.
Chlorination
Chlorination is the most commonly used disinfection method. It is often the only treatment where the water is already of
an acceptable physical and chemical quality, and only safeguarding against microbiological pollution is required.
Stabilisation
Treated water containing dissolved calcium and magnesium salts in significant amounts is considered to be chemically
unstable.
There is no health hazards associated with unstable water. It can however have substantial cost implications due to the
repair of the leaks in corroded pipes or the cost of increased electricity as heat transfer in kettles and geysers is
reduced. Scale also reduces the inside diameter of pipes, reducing their carrying capacity and increasing pumping
costs.
Final water can be stabilized by dosing with lime, carbon dioxide, sodium carbonate (soda ash) or sodium hydroxide
(caustic soda). Lime is used to stabilize soft water (water with a low calcium content) and water with a low pH, i.e.
corrosive water, while carbon dioxide is used to stabilize water with a high pH.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
x
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY
BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BACKGROUND
Access to safe drinking water is essential to health and is a basic human right. Safe drinking water that
complies with the SANS:241 Drinking Water specification does not pose a significant risk to health over a
lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages. Improving access
to safe drinking water can thus result in tangible benefits to public health and every effort should be made to
achieve a drinking water quality that complies with national safety standards.
Key legislation relating to the provision of safe drinking water in South Africa includes the Water Services Act,
Compulsory National Standards for the Quality of Potable Water, Regulation 2834, Strategic Framework for
Water Services, Municipal Structures Act, National Health Act, National Water Act and the National Water
Resource Strategy.
Swartland Municipality therefore has the legal responsibility to monitor the quality of drinking water provided to
consumers, compare the results of sample testing to national drinking water standards (SANS:241) and to
communicate any health risks to consumers and the appropriate authorities.
The Blue Drop Certification Programme was therefore introduced by the DWA to provide incentive towards
performance enhancement and also to include the consumer in the regulatory cycle, through the publication
on Drinking Water Quality Management performance. The Blue Drop Certification Programme seeks to
restore the trust of the general public in the quality of tap water through revealing performance in a
responsible yet transparent manner. This would ensure that the public will be informed on both the actual
quality of tap water, as well as the performance levels of the drinking water quality management at WSI level.
WorleyParsons RSA was appointed by Swartland Municipality to support them with their Blue Water Services
Performance Audit Report, in line with the requirements of the DWA. The appointment included assisting the
Municipality with the drafting of their Water Safety Plan (WSP), according to the guidelines published by the
World Health Organization (Water Safety Plan Manual). Water quality standards are set worldwide according
to the World Health Organization Guidelines.
WATER SAFETY PLANNNING
WSPs are a form of water quality assurance through a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management
approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. The multiple barrier
principle implies that actions are required at all stages in the process of producing and distributing water in
order to protect water quality. This includes source protection, treatment through several different stages and
prevention of contamination during distribution to each individual household. The WSP of Swartland
Municipality includes the following three key components:

System assessment, which determines whether the drinking water supply chain (up to the point of
consumption) as a whole can deliver water of a quality that meets national standards.

Identification of control measures in the drinking water systems that will collectively control identified
risks and ensure that health based targets are met. Appropriate means of operational monitoring was
defined for each control measure identified, that will ensure that any deviation from the required
performance is rapidly detected in a timely manner.

Management plans describing actions taken during normal operation or incident conditions and
documenting the system assessment (including upgrade and improvement), monitoring and
communication plans and supporting programmes.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xi
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM
The team was compiled by Swartland Municipality during the first meeting that was held on the 15 th of October
2012 at the Engineering Department in Malmesbury. The WSP process / approach to be followed and the
various tasks were worked through with the WSP Team during the meeting on the 15th of October 2013. The
roles and responsibilities of the individuals on the team were also defined and recorded. It is essential that
senior management are aware of the provisions of the act, the water quality requirement set in SANS:241
Drinking water quality standard as well as their own accountabilities with regard to water services provision.
Ms Esmari Steenkamp of Swartland Municipality is the WSP Team Leader and guided and directed the team
through the preparation process of the WSP and the assessment of the systems. The operational personnel
of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs and the bulk distribution systems and the Swartland
Municipality’s internal distribution systems were also included in the WSP Team from the start of the process,
because of their detailed knowledge about the existing water quality problems in the supply systems and the
WTWs. They are also the best familiarised with their systems and know exactly what the existing operational
monitoring controls are and the potential water quality hazards and hazardous events and the risks associated
with these hazards. They will also contribute to the success of the plan through facilitating its ownership and
implementation.
The team have the authority to enable implementation of the recommendations stemming from the WSP and
will be responsible for developing, implementing and maintaining the WSP as a core part of their day-to-day
roles.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
The following factors were considered during the documentation and description of each of the distribution
systems and were completed with the WSP Team.
Source Water and Catchment
 Protection measures applied.
 Developments in the catchments that affect quality.
 Known water quality problems.
Distribution System
 Known design faults
 Areas of distribution and service levels
 Known operational problems
Detailed flow diagrams of the internal distribution systems of Swartland Municipality and the bulk distribution
systems and water treatment processes of the West Coast District Municipality were completed. The
diagrams provide an overview description of the drinking water systems and enable hazards to be identified
clearly. The chemicals that are added to the water at the West Coast DM’s WTWs are also included on the
flow diagrams. Aerial photos of the water and sewer networks for each of the distribution systems were also
completed. The flow diagrams for the systems and the treatment processes were confirmed with the
Operational Managers during the site visits and the meetings with them. The validation of the flow diagrams
enabled the WSP Team to determine the vulnerability of the systems in terms of its design and constructions
and the operation and maintenance of the systems. The flow diagrams were signed and dated by the
Operational Managers.
Swartland Municipality has been one of the more proactive municipalities in the Western Cape Province in
responding to the call from many quarters to improve the management of municipal infrastructure assets. The
Municipality compiled an Asset Register for all their water infrastructure and also implements a pipeline
refurbishment / replacement programme.
RISK ASSESSMENT
A detailed risk assessment was executed. This step of the WSP establishes the risk that the water quality
standard will not be met as well as the consequences if the standard is not complied with.
A list of potential hazards and hazardous events were compiled and worked through with the WSP Team.
Additional hazards were also added to the list by the WSP Team and the potential hazards were evaluated for
each of the distribution systems.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xii
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
RISK MANAGEMENT
Barriers implemented by the Swartland Municipality against contamination and deteriorating quality include:

Participate in catchment management and water source protection issues.

Correct operation and maintenance of the filtration and disinfection plants.

Protection and maintenance of the distribution system. This includes ensuring an adequate disinfectant
residual at all times, rapid response to pipe bursts and other leaks, regular cleaning of reservoirs,
keeping all delivery points tidy and clean, etc.
Four other important barriers against poor quality drinking water that are a prerequisite to those listed above
are:

A well informed Council and municipal managers that understand the extreme importance of and are
committed to providing adequate resources for continuous professional operation and maintenance of the
water supply system.

A Service Delivery Agreement with the West Coast District Municipality is in place for the provision of
bulk water.

Competent managers and supervisors in the technical department who are responsible for water supply
services lead by example and are passionate about monitoring and safeguarding drinking water quality.

Well informed community members and other consumers of water supply services that know how to
protect the water from becoming contaminated once it has been delivered, that have respect for water as
a precious resource and that adhere to safe hygiene and sanitation practices.
The existing control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality can be summarised as follows:
CATCHMENT AND RAW WATER SOURCE

West Coast Water Monitoring Committee.

Active participation in Catchment Stakeholders’ Forums and communication of critical issues.

Engage with the West Coast District Municipality with regard to additional Water Sources for the Withoogte and
Swartland Bulk Distribution Systems.

Restricted access to sources (Perdeberg Dam is situated in the Paardenberg Nature Reserve and Riverlands boreholes are
fenced).

Ensuring that all water usage is registered and authorized by DWA as stipulated by the National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998).

Building and planning regulations include measures to protect the water resources from potentially polluting activities (e.g.
industries).

Enforcement of Water Services Bylaws and strict monitoring of industrial consumers, with regard to the quality of effluent
discharged by them.

Abstraction of Riverlands boreholes linked to the telemetry system.
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

Filtration: Rapid Gravity Sand filters with automated backwashing procedures. Operational personnel regularly inspect the
filters in order to ensure that the filters are operational.

Disinfection
Operator ensures that there is sufficient chlorine in the tanks / cylinders.
Operator test for gas leaks on a regular basis or whenever required.
Operator ensures that chlorine dosing takes place at the correct dosage levels. Records are kept. The chlorine dosing is
automated and linked to the flows.
Follow safety procedures.

Security: Plant is fenced and locked.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xiii
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Bulk meter readings are taken 8 hourly by the West Coast DM and the amount of water received is monitored by the West
Coast DM.

The West Coast DM implements an Alarmed Telemetry System for operating limits (Continuous monitoring with alarms for
some of the processes).

Standby generators (general standby generators)

Trained operational personnel (trained in chlorine disinfection systems)

Verification Monitoring: Monthly microbiological samples taken at various points on the distribution networks.

Storage
Bulk meter readings are taken by a telemetry system 24 hours per day.
Levels of reservoirs are controlled through telemetry system (Opening & Closing)

Security at chlorination stations
Chlorination plants are fenced and locked with alarms.

Security at pump stations
Intruder alarms for pump stations.

Security at reservoirs
All of the reservoir covers are locked and some of the reservoirs are fenced in order to prevent access.

Monitoring water losses
Internal network distribution losses are monitored for each of the distribution systems on a monthly basis.

Customer complaints system
Developed help-desks at all municipal administrations with the objective to assist customers.
Disabled people are supported to do business from the help-desks. Requests by the illiterate are being captured and forwarded to
the relevant official / section.
After hour emergency requests are being dealt with on a twenty four hour basis.
All complaints are logged through a Logbook System.
The Municipality has maintained a high and a very consistent level of service to the consumers in their Management Area.

“Job Card” system to repair pipe bursts and leaks, with standby teams.
All pipe bursts and leaks are logged and repaired immediately. Standby teams are available during the night and over weekends
and holiday periods.

Rehabilitation and maintenance of the existing infrastructure. An Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure. Old
water networks are replaced annually as funds become available. Pipe Replacement Study was completed in April 2013.

Fully enclosed distribution systems and storage facilities.

Maintaining adequate system pressure. Pressure monitoring and recording.

Compliance Monitoring (Water quality sampling programme)
Water Quality Sampling Programme is in place and samples are taken on a regular basis (Results and Parameters tested by the
West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality are included in Annexure C).

Cleaning of reservoirs
Regular inspections of reservoirs and reservoirs are regularly cleaned.

Up-to-date network maps (GIS).

Purchasing policy and procedure.

Consumer education and property inspections
REASSESS AND PRIORITIZE RISKS
The risks were then recalculated in terms of likelihood and consequence, taking into account all the existing
control measures. The table below summarise the recalculated risks, after the existing control measures were
taken into account, of the potential hazards or hazardous events that scored originally medium or high in the
first assessment.
Low Risks




Agricultural or Forestry practices may
lead to contamination by toxic
chemicals including pesticides,
spillage of diesel and petroleum
products.
Non-compliance with regard to
chlorine safety legislation.
Unauthorised human access, illegal
substances thrown into reservoir.
Dead-end mains and low water flows
Medium Risks



Groundwater may contain
health related chemicals as a
result of local geology (no
groundwater monitoring).
Safety Audit: Chlorine buildings
and rooms not on standard.
Safety Audit: Drum / Cylinder
storage not on standard.
High Risks




Safety Audit: Staff working with chlorine not
adequately trained (Respiratory equipment,
chlorine handling and first aid).
Safety Audit: Emergency procedures and
action plans not in place.
Safety Audit: Inadequate chlorine signage at
treatment facilities
Safety Audit: Proper offloading and moving
of equipment is not available.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xiv
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

Low Risks
can lead to stagnant water and loss of
residual chlorine (Koringberg, Riebeek
Wes and Riebeek Kasteel).
E-coli failures within distribution
networks.
Medium Risks




High Risks
Safety Audit: Dosing equipment not on
standard.
Safety Audit: First aid kit and safety
equipment (PPE) not in place.
Safety Audit: Personnel protective
equipment not in place (PPE).
Safety Audit: Leak detection and
contaminated air control equipment not in
place.
IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN
An Improvement / Upgrade Plan was compiled for all the existing significant risks, where the existing controls
were not effective or absent. Each identified improvement was linked to one of the WSP Team members to
take responsibility for implementation together with an appropriate time frame for implementation of these
controls.
The future water capital projects of Swartland Municipality are included in the Improvement / Upgrade Plan.
The Improvement / Upgrade Plan should be monitored to confirm improvements have been made and are
effective and that the WSP has been updated accordingly. It should also be taken into consideration that the
introduction of new controls could introduce new risks to the system.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WSP
Verification should provide the evidence that the overall system design and operation is capable of
consistently delivering water of the specified quality to meet the health-based targets. If it does not, the
Upgrade / Improvement Plan should be revised and implemented.
SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES
Supporting programmes are activities that ensure the operating environment, equipment used and the people
themselves do not become an additional source of potential hazards to the drinking water supply. The
existing Supporting programmes of Swartland Municipality are as follows:

Service Delivery Agreement between the West Coast DM and Saldanha Bay Municipality, Swartland
Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality and the establishment of a Monitoring Committee.

Supply Chain Management Procedures

Security Measures

Training of Personnel

Water Services By-laws
Codes of good operating, management and hygienic practice are essential elements of supporting
programmes. The codes in place at Swartland Municipality include the following:

Training and competence of personnel involved in water supply. The qualifications of the existing
operational personnel are included in Annexure E. On-going training is provided to these personnel as
courses with regard to water quality and water safety becomes available.

Tools for managing the actions of staff such as quality assurance systems.

Securing stakeholder commitment at all levels to the provision of safe water and education of
communities whose activities influence water quality.

Calibration and monitoring of equipment. Supervisors at disinfection plants ensure that equipment used
for chlorine dosage are properly calibrated and monitor the equipment.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xv
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

Record keeping. The current information recoded is included in Annexure AJ.
ESTABLISH DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES
If document updates are prepared as information becomes available, it reduces the amount of updating
required at the end of the year and will allow Swartland Municipality to receive more up-to-date progress
reports for their own planning services.
REVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WSP
The WSP Team of Swartland Municipality is committed to meet regularly to review all aspects of the WSP to
ensure that they are still accurate. Operational monitoring results and trends will be assessed. In addition to
the regular three year review, the WSP will also be reviewed when, for example, a new water source is
developed, major treatment improvements are planned and brought into use, or after a major water quality
incident.
RISK BASED MONITORING PROGRAMMES
The Manager Trade Services (Ms Steenkamp) oversees the water quality results. Results of the analyses are
submitted to Ms Steenkamp, who takes immediate action to rectify problems and / or improve operational
aspects as and when may be required (Implementation of Emergency protocols). For serious failures an
Incident Response Management Protocol is followed to ensure rapid remedying of the problems, which
includes notification to DWA as may be necessary.
A Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment was done of which the purpose is to obtain an overview of the
ability of the WTWs to meet the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1 on a sustained basis. The only
performance indicators categorised as “Unacceptable” in the various distribution systems were as follows:

Operational Efficiency: The parameters contributing towards the unacceptable performance were for
Koringberg (Turbidity), Yzerfontein (pH and Turbidity), Darling (Turbidity), Abbotsdale (Total Coliforms)
and Chatsworth (Total Coliforms and E.Coli).

Acute Health – 1 Microbiological (E.Coli or FC): The parameters contributing towards the unacceptable
performance for Chatsworth were Total Coliforms and E.Coli.

Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic): The parameters contributing towards the
unacceptable performance for Chatsworth were Total Coliforms and E.Coli.
CREDIBILITY AND SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY DATA
Microbiological Water Quality Compliance samples, taken by the Swartland Municipality, are analysed at the
National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point (Microbiological). Water samples taken by the West Coast
District Municipality are analysed in the Municipality’s own Laboratory at the Withoogte WTW. The laboratory
further participates in the National Health Laboratory Service (Microbiological) and SABS (Chemical)
Proficiency Testing Programmes. The other Accredited Laboratories used by the West Coast District
Municipality for sample analysis are CSIR Consulting and Analytical Services, Water Lab and the National
Health Laboratory Service.
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
Effective management involves actions to be taken in response to variations that occur during “normal”
operating conditions and “incident” situations where the loss of a control system may occur and of procedures
to follow in unforeseen and emergency situations. These management procedures are an integral part of the
WSP. Swartland Municipality is committed to update these procedures as necessary, particularly in light of
implementation of the Improvement / Upgrade Plan and reviews of incidents, emergencies and near misses.
A Disaster Management Plan for the West Coast Region is in place, which confirms the arrangements for
managing disaster risk and for preparing for- and responding to disasters within the West Coast Region as
required by the Disaster Management Act.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xvi
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The following protocols will also be implemented by Swartland Municipality, depending on the type of water
quality failure.

Incident Management Protocol for Distribution System Incidents

Proposed Disinfection Optimization Protocol.

Proposed Turbidity Failure Response Protocol.

Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Health Related Drinking Water Quality Incidents.

Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Aesthetic Drinking Water Quality Incidents.

Drinking Water Quality Complaints Procedure

Proposed Management Communications
DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL
Swartland Municipality received 96.5% of their total 2011/2012 potable water demand from the West Coast
District Municipality through their Withoogte and Swartland Bulk Water Supply Systems. A Rapid Gravity
Sand Filter is further used by the Swartland Municipality to treat the surface water supplied from the
Perdeberg Dam (3.1% of total demand). The water is also disinfected before it is distributed to Abbotsdale,
Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth. Three boreholes in Riverlands are also used as additional supply for
Riverlands and Kalbaskraal (0.4% of total demand). The groundwater is disinfected, before it is blended with
the other potable water and distributed to the consumers in Riverlands and Kalbaskraal respectively.
The training provided by Swartland Municipality to their Operational Personnel over the last few years was as
follows:

COMPLETE
DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE
The Compliance Sampling results of the West Coast District Municipality are uploaded onto the BDS by the
District Municipality. Hard copies of all the operational and compliance sampling results are also available.
Microbiological compliance samples are also taken by Swartland Municipality and tested at the National
Health Laboratory Service in Green Point. The Compliance Sample results for the various distribution
systems are included in the Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report.
MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION
Swartland Municipality realises the importance of good communication with their consumers to whom they
provide potable water through their various distribution systems.
Swartland Municipality therefore
understands the importance of involving community members on a regular basis and not only when there is a
crisis.
Total transparency is therefore one of the main objectives when public notifications are distributed by
Swartland Municipality and the West Coast District Municipality. High on the list of priorities in these
communications and the Water Monitoring Committee Meetings is regular communication on water quality
and in particular how efficient the water treatment plants performs and whether the required standards are
met. Efficient groundwater management is also one of the other key priorities discussed during these
meetings by the West Coast District Municipality.
Swartland Municipality can also make use of the following media for further communication with the public on
water quality issues: the municipality’s website, newsletters accompanying the bills and the local newspapers.
The Municipality can also make information available to the learners at the local schools, so that they can
learn about the importance of effective water quality management.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xvii
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Water quality results are also included in Swartland Municipality’s WSDP and Water Services Audit Report.
Swartland Municipality review their WSDP regularly and compile annually a Water Services Audit Report. The
WSDP is made available to the public and various other stakeholders for their comments and all comments
made are considered when preparing the final WSDP. The WSDP and Water Services Audit Reports are
public documents with various sections addressing water quality management.
ASSET MANAGEMENT
A pipeline replacement study was performed by GLS for Swartland Municipality’s entire water distribution
system during 2013. The project entailed the verification of system data, establishment of a computer model
for the pipe replacement network, performing an analysis and reporting. The pipe replacement potential was
determined for each of the pipelines in the water distribution systems by assessing the likelihood of failure
(LF) and the consequence of failure (CF).
It is important that the filtration plant and disinfection plants are subjected to a technical assessment by a
technically competent person to advise on the performance of the plants and technical (mechanical, civil and
electrical) improvements required. It is also required by DWA that proof be provided that the reservoirs and
distribution systems were inspected to inform preventative maintenance programmes. These inspections /
assessments / audits are to be performed at least once a year.
An updated Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure in Swartland Municipality’s Management
Area.
The Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants share staff. The Plants run unsupervised 24 hours a day and is
checked regularly by the Area Superintendent Water Works. The Water Supply is headed by the Manager
Water and Sanitation, Mr Louis Zikman.
Comprehensive Operational and Maintenance Manuals are available for the filtration plant, disinfection plants
and pump stations.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
xviii
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY
BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
BACKGROUND
Access to safe drinking water is essential to health and is a basic human right. Safe drinking water that
complies with the SANS: 241 Drinking Water specifications do not pose a significant risk to health over a
lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages. Improving access
to safe drinking water can thus result in tangible benefits to public health and every effort should be made to
achieve a drinking water quality that complies with national safety standards.
The Department of Water Affairs (DWA) has been given the responsibility of regulation of the water sector by
the sector. It was approved by Cabinet in 2003 when the Strategic Framework for Water Services was
accepted as the policy framework for the South African Water Services sector. Regulation 5 under Section 9
of the Water Services Act (Act 108 of 1997) also requires that WSIs practice effective DWQ Management.
Key legislation relating to the provision of safe drinking water in South Africa includes the following:

Water Services Act (No.108 of 1997) – The Water Services Act gives substance to constitutional
requirements with respect to access, national norms and standards and the institutional framework for
the provision of water services;

Compulsory National Standards for the Quality of Potable Water (2001, Regulation 5 of Section 9 of
the Water Services Act, currently under review) – requires that WSIs implement drinking water quality
monitoring programmes to monitor, compare results to national standards, and communicate any health
risks;

Regulation 2834 (currently under review): - This regulation requires owners of treatment works to
classify treatment works and to register both treatment works and Operators / Process Controllers with
the DWA.

Strategic Framework for Water Services (2003) – The Strategic Framework contains guidelines for the
provision of water services, including drinking water quality, and role of DWA as sector regulator;

Municipal Structures Act (No.117 of 1998) – This Act provides for functions and powers of
municipalities and other local government structures, of which water services is one of many primary
functions;

National Health Act (No.61 of 2003) – This Act promotes fulfilling the rights of people of South Africa to
an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being;

The National Water Act (No.36 of 1998) is the principal legal instrument relating to water resources
management in South Africa and contains comprehensive provisions for the protection, use,
development, conservation, management and control of South Africa’s water resources, and

The National Water Resource Strategy (2004) provides the framework within which water resources
will be managed throughout the country. The National Water Resource Strategy also provides the
framework within which all catchment management strategies will be prepared and implemented for
water resources within a water management area.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
1
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The Swartland Municipality therefore has the legal responsibility to:

Monitor the quality of drinking water provided to consumers.

Compare the results of sample testing to national drinking water standards (SANS:241)

Communicate any health risks to consumers and the appropriate authorities.
A situational assessment undertaken by DWA revealed the following as some of the challenges, with regard to
DWQ management, that require further attention (Particularly at smaller municipalities).

Lack of adequate human resources (Inadequate process controlling skills);

Insufficient funding availed for DWQ management (including monitoring);

Inadequate infrastructure investment;

Lack of knowledge of drinking water quality requirements at decision making level, and

Inadequate access to credible laboratories (accredited or following acceptable quality management
procedures).
The Blue Drop Certification Programme was therefore introduced by the DWA to provide incentive towards
performance enhancement and also to include the consumer in the regulatory cycle, through the publication
on Drinking Water Quality Management performance. The Blue Drop Certification Programme seeks to
restore the trust of the general public in the quality of tap water through revealing performance in a
responsible yet transparent manner. This would ensure that the public will be informed on both the actual
quality of tap water, as well as the performance levels of the drinking water quality management at WSI level.
The Certification programme is designed with the specific intent to encourage and facilitate a turnaround in
non-compliant municipalities, to acknowledge those who are achieving and maintaining standards of best
practice and excellence and to bring credible and current information to the South African public. The Blue
Drop Certification Programme was initiated on 11 September 2008 with the objective of:

Introducing incentive-based regulation of the drinking water quality management;

Promote transparency and subsequent accountability;

Provide reliable and consistent information to the public;

Facilitate closer relationships between Water Services Authorities and Water Services Providers (where
applicable) and

Introduce an element of excellence to conventional regulation.
It is a legislative requirement that WSIs have suitable monitoring programmes in place, and this would include
compliance monitoring. The drinking water quality regulation programme identified a significant limitation in
an approach which entirely depends upon compliance monitoring only, since ensuring the safeness of tap
water requires proactive preventative management. The introduction of the certification programme ensures
that the South African water services sector adopts the required preventative approach towards the
management and regulation of drinking water. Compliance monitoring remains an integral part of DWQ
management though, but with the key purpose of gauging the efficacy of the manner in which the quality of
tap water is being managed.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
2
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The DWA Drinking Water Quality Regulatory Committee will continuously assess WSA performance in its
entire area of jurisdiction. Towns that are to be awarded Blue Drop status are required to comply with 95%
the weighted criteria in the annual assessment. Evaluation will be per drinking water services system (from
catchment to consumer) and will be aggregated for each town.
The blue drop performance of Swartland Municipality is summarised as follows in the DWA’s latest Blue Drop
Report:
Table 1: Blue Drop Performance of the Municipality (DWA’s 2011 Blue Drop Report)
Municipal Blue Drop Score
95.24%
Regulatory Impression: The West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality are congratulated on a fine performance that
sees another two new systems obtain Blue Drop certification. However it should be noted that these certifications are deserved mostly
because of the excellent work done by the water service provider.
1.
The inspectors found that the lack of embracing the risk management (Water safety planning) concept and the thorough
implementation thereof within the Swartland Municipality to immediately pose a threat to retain this Blue Drop status (especially in
Malmesbury). The Authority and Provider are hereby encouraged to commence joint efforts to ensure that the drinking water
quality is effectively managed within the context of water safety planning. It is however noted that the Municipality made provision
to commence water safety planning processes later this year. It would be most valuable if these processes could link in with the
bulk risk management plans and cover the potential risk gaps in the reticulation network. Swartland Municipality is commended for
taking this progressive step since this is the essential missing part in their valiant efforts to consistently supply safe drinking water
to their constituencies.
2.
The inspectors noted the following on the performance of the West Coast District Municipality: “The West Coast District
Municipality was represented by a small but dynamic drinking water quality team despite the numerous uncertainties under which
they are compelled to function they have performed well in terms of the Blue Water Services Certification Programme.”
Performance Area
Malmesbury
Moorreesburg / Koringberg
Water Safety Planning
88
88
Treatment Process Management
100
100
DWQ Compliance
96
96
Management, Accountability
91
91
Asset Management
98
98
2.04
2.04
Bonus Scores
Penalties
0
0
Blue Drop Score (2012)
95.24%
95.24%
Blue Drop Score (2011)
92.88%
92.90%
Blue Drop Score (2010)
71.94%
71.94%
System Design Capacity (Ml/d)
Operational Capacity (% i.t.o. Design)
Population Served
Average daily consumption (l/p/d)
29
73.3
62.07
62.62
23 762
4 950
Not applicable
Not applicable
Microbiological Compliance (%)
97.0%
99.9%
Chemical Compliance (%)
>99.9%
>99.9%
Appointment
WorleyParsons RSA was appointed by Swartland Municipality to support them with their Blue Water Services
Performance Audit Report, in line with the requirements of the DWA. The appointment included assisting the
Municipality with the drafting of their Water Safety Plan (WSP), according to the guidelines published by the
World Health Organization (Water Safety Plan Manual). Water quality standards are set worldwide according
to the World Health Organization Guidelines.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
3
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The specific objectives to be achieved within the overall purpose of the consulting service included the
following:

To ensure that the Water Safety Plan and Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report fits in with the
way Swartland Municipality is organized and operates, in order to ensure that the information is accepted
within the Municipality.

The establishment of a qualified and dedicated WSP team, responsible for developing, implementing and
maintaining of the Water Safety Plan as a core part of their day-to-day roles.

Detailed up-to-date descriptions of the water supply systems, including flow diagrams for each water
supply system and water treatment plant.

List of all the hazards and hazardous events that could result in the water supply being, or becoming,
contaminated, compromised or interrupted. An assessment of the risks expressed in an interpretable
and comparable manner, such that more significant risks are clearly distinguished from less significant
risks.

Identification of the existing controls that are in place and a validation of the effectiveness of these
controls. Identification and prioritization of insufficiently controlled risks.

Development of an improvement plan to address all uncontrolled and prioritized risks. The plan will
indicate who is responsible for the improvements, together with an appropriate time frame for
implementation of the controls.

Assessment of the performance of the existing control measures, with a list of the short and long term
monitoring requirements and corrective actions necessary when targets are not met (Verification
monitoring included).

Clear management procedures documenting actions to be taken when the system is operating under
normal conditions and when the system is operating in ‘incident’ situations (corrective actions).
Methodology followed
The World Health Organisation has outlined steps on how to conduct a WSP. Water quality standards are set
worldwide according to the World Health Organization Guidelines. The table below gives a summary of the
steps involved in conducting an assessment based on the WSP approach.
Table 2: Steps involved in conducting an assessment based on the WSP approach




First Step
Second Step
Third Step
Water Supply System Assessment
Risk Assessment
Risk Management
Team assembled to conduct WSP
Intended use of water established
Water supply description
Water supply flow diagram




Hazard identification (biological,
chemical, physical or radiological)
from source to consumer.
Hazardous event identification.
Risk of hazard causing harm to
population
Prioritizing hazards






Control measures applied
Operational monitoring
Management
procedures
(corrective
actions and incident / emergency response)
Supporting programmes
Record keeping and documentation
Validation and verification
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
4
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The process, approach and methodology followed by WorleyParsons RSA and Swartland Municipality for
compiling the WSP were as follows:
Table 3:
The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Water Safety
Plan
Process
Approach and Methodology
Water Safety Planning
Assemble the WSP Team
Liaise with the Municipality to
compile the Water Safety Plan
Team and the External
Stakeholders

Compile the team of individuals from Swartland Municipality and from a wider group of
stakeholders (if necessary), with the collective responsibility for understanding the water supply
system and identifying hazards that can affect water quality and safety throughout the water
supply chain.
Arrange an introduction
session with the Water Safety
Plan Team if necessary

Discuss the process that will be followed and work through the various tasks with the Team.

Agree on the approach to be implemented and the methodology that will be used for the putting
together of the Water Safety Plan, particularly in assessing the risks.

Define and record the roles and responsibilities of the individuals on the Water Safety Plan team.

Identify the Water Safety Plan Team members before the meeting so that one meeting can be
held with the Municipality for the “Project Inception” Phase and the “Assemble the Water Safety
Plan Team” Phase (Introductions session with the Water Safety Plan Team).
Responsibility of the
Municipality
Detailed descriptions of the Water Supply Systems
Updated detail descriptions for
each of the water supply
systems.
A description will be given for each of the water supply systems, which include the following:

Relevant water quality standards;

Existing source(s) of water including the runoff and/or recharge processes, and if applicable,
alternative sources in case of incident;

Known or suspected changes in source water quality relating to weather or other conditions and
any interconnectivity of sources and conditions;

Land use in the catchment, abstraction points and information relating to the storage of water;

Details of how the water is distributed including network, storage and tankers and description of
the materials in contact with water;

Identification of the users and uses of the water;

Availability of trained staff;

How well existing procedures are documented; and

Information relating to the treatment of the water, including the processes and chemicals or
materials that are added to the water.
Detailed flow diagrams will be compiled for each of the water supply systems.
Responsibility of the
Municipality

Provide water quality results (At source, WTWs and distribution system) that are available for the
water supply systems.

To identify known or suspected changes in source water quality relating to weather or other
conditions and any interconnectivity of sources and conditions.

Indicate the land use in the catchment.

Identify the various users on the water supply system flow diagrams.

Provide a summary of the number of operational personnel and their qualifications for each of
the water supply systems.

Provide a summary of the existing procedures that are documented for each of the water supply
systems.

Comment on the flow diagrams as prepared by WorleyParsons RSA (Processes, chemicals or
materials that are added and their quantity)
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
5
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Process
Approach and Methodology
Identify hazards and hazardous events and assess the risks
Review all potential biological, physical
and chemical hazards.

Review the list of the potential biological, physical and chemical hazards for each of
the steps in the validated process flow diagrams.
Review all hazards and hazardous
events that could result in the water
supply being, or becoming,
contaminated, compromised or
interrupted.

Review the identified hazards and hazardous events and update the list of these for
each of the water supply systems.
Re-evaluate the risks identified at each
point in the flow diagrams previously
prepared.

Review systematically all the potential hazardous events and associated hazards,
together with an estimation of the magnitude of risk in table format for each of the
water supply systems (Matrix Approach)
Liaise with the Water Safety Plan team
regarding the risk assessment

Work with the Water Safety Plan Team through the list of hazards and hazardous
events in order to agree on the magnitude of the risks.
Responsibility of the Municipality

Assist with the identification of the potential biological, physical and chemical hazards
for each of the flow diagrams.

Assist with the identification of all the hazards and hazardous events for each of the
water supply systems. Site visits by Operational Managers to identify risks.

Work with WorleyParsons RSA through the list of hazards and hazardous events in
order to agree on the magnitude of the risks.
Determine and validate control measures, reassess and prioritize the risks
Review the existing and potential control
measures

Liaise with the Municipality in order to review the existing control measures for each of
the identified hazards and hazardous events.
Validate the effectiveness of the controls

Validate the effectiveness of the existing control measures.
Recalculate the risks, taking into account
all existing control measures (Identify
and prioritize insufficient controlled risks)

Recalculate the risks with the Water Safety Plan Team, taking into account all existing
control measures.

Identify and prioritize insufficient controlled risks.
Responsibility of the Municipality

Provide a list of the existing control measures that are in place for each of the identified
hazards and hazardous events (Per Water Supply System and WTW).

Work with WorleyParsons RSA to recalculate the risks, taking into account all the
existing control measures and to identify and prioritize insufficient controlled risks.
Improvement / Upgrade Plan
The short-, medium- or long- term mitigation or controls for each significant uncontrolled risk will be identified. The Water Safety Plan
Team will identify who is responsible for the improvements, together with an appropriate time frame for implementation of these
controls.
Define monitoring of the control measures
Assessment of the performance of
control measures at appropriate time
intervals.

Assess the performance of the existing control measures at appropriate time intervals
(Define and validate the monitoring of control measures). Document actions in the
Management Procedures.
Compile a list of short and long term
monitoring requirements and corrective
actions (Operational monitoring)

Compile a list of short and long term monitoring requirements and corrective actions
necessary when operational targets are not met (Operational monitoring).
Verify the effectiveness of the WSP
Having a formal process for verification and auditing of the Water Safety Plan ensures that it is working properly. Verification involves
three activities which are undertaken together to provide evidence that the Water Safety Plan is working effectively. These are
compliance monitoring, internal and external auditing of operational activities and consumer satisfaction. Verification should provide
the evidence that the overall system design and operation is capable of consistently delivering water of the specified quality to meet the
health-based targets. If it does not the upgrade/improvement plan should be revised and implemented.
WorleyParsons and the Water Safety Plan Team will review the list of verification monitoring activities, linked to the operational
monitoring activities, as part of this task.
Supporting Programmes
All supporting programmes will be summarised and documented
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
6
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Prepare Management Procedures
The existing management procedures for
normal and incident / emergency conditions
will be reviewed.
Liaise with Swartland Municipality and the Water Safety Plan Team to review the
management procedures, which include the following:


Response actions;

Operational monitoring;

Responsibilities of Swartland Municipality and other stakeholders;

Communication protocols and strategies, including notification procedures and
staff contact details;

Responsibilities for co-ordinating measures to be taken in an emergency;

A communication plan to alert and inform users of the supply and other
stakeholders (e.g. emergency services);

A programme to review and revise documentation as required;

Plans for providing and distributing emergency supplies of water.

Existing procedures, with regard to the above, to be provided. WorleyParsons
RSA and Water Safety Plan Team to work through recommended procedures.

All existing Management Protocol Procedures to be provided.
Proof of a documented Drinking Water
Incident Management Protocol and Water
Quality Incident Register.
Responsibility of the Municipality
The overall process, approach and methodology followed by WorleyParsons RSA and Swartland Municipality
for compiling the Blue Water Services Performance Audit were as follows:
Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water
Services Performance Audit
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
WATER SAFETY PLANNING
Water Safety Planning Process
Risk Assessment and Review of
Control Measures
Risk Informed Monitoring
Credibility and Submission of
drinking water quality data

Water Safety Plan

Implementation of WSP

Water Quality Risk Assessment

Details of sampling sites; determinants
and frequencies for Operational
Monitoring.

Details of sampling sites; determinants
and frequencies for Compliance
Monitoring.

A WSP will be compiled as described under
Table 3.

WSP will be signed by key catchment,
treatment and distribution stakeholders
indicating their approval of the risks ratings
as well as commitment to the allocation of
resources and budget.

A water quality risk assessment will be
performed as part of the WSP.

Water Quality compliance Risk Assessment
according to SANS 241:2011.

Existing Operational and Compliance
Monitoring Programme will be reviewed and
gaps will be identified for both Operational
and Compliance Monitoring.

Equipment used for sampling and calibration
records will be summarised.

Adequate monitoring coverage of
distribution network

Sample results will be summarised for the
last twelve months. Compliance
percentages will be determined for the
various parameters.

Proof to be provided of the laboratory
used.

Existing Accreditation status will be
summarised.

Certificate of Accreditation for applicable
methods, or Z-scores results following
participation of a recognised Proficiency
Testing Scheme, or proof of Intra- and
Interlaboratory proficiency.

Existing management procedures to amend
/ improve process controlling will be
summarised.

Procedures will be developed to improve
process controlling for those processes
found to be with inadequate procedures.

Communication and results as submitted to
the DWA will be summarised

Credibility of DWQ Data on the BDS.

Proof that samplers have been subjected
to relevant sampling training that will
ensure credibility of sampling process, or
Proof of control measures to ensure
credibility.

Proof of monthly (12 months) submission
of water quality compliance data.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
7
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water
Services Performance Audit
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
WATER SAFETY PLANNING
Incident Management
Responsibility of the
Municipality

Incident Management Protocol which
specify triggers, alert levels, response times,
required actions, roles and responsibilities
and communication strategy.

Evidence of implementation

The current Incident Management Protocol
will be reviewed and updated according to
findings of the WSP.

Protocol will be reviewed to comply with
“Compulsory National Standards of the
quality of Potable Water”

Copies of the incident register will be
summarised.

Classification Certificates of all WTWs and Process Controllers.

Logbook of maintenance work carried out to be provided.

Sample results to be provided.

Equipment used for sampling and calibration records to be provided.

Monitoring programmes to be registered on the BDS.

Accreditation status or z-scores to be made available and to be uploaded on the BDS.

All sample results loaded onto the BDS to be linked with a unique ID to a laboratory and
analyses method

Control measures implemented by the Lab to ensure credibility to be made available.

All operational and compliance monitoring data to be loaded onto the BDS as required.

Incident register and actions taken to be provided.
DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL
Compliance with Regulation –
Works Classification
Compliance with Regulation –
Process Controller Registration
Availability of WTP Logbook

Copies (Certified) of Registration
Certificates of WTWs.

Verification of Maintenance Team used for
general maintenance work at the plant (both
Mechanical and Electrical)
Existing authorisations will be tabled
against the current situation and what is
required. Information will be reviewed and
reported.



Proof of a “site-specific” Operation &
Maintenance Manual
Existing Operation and Maintenance
Manuals will be summarised.


Proof of Process Controllers being
subjected to relevant training the past 12
months.
All training provided to the water personnel
will be summarised.

Copies (Certified) of Registration
Classification Certificates of Process
Controllers.


Process Controllers complies with skills
requirements of Regulation 2834 of Water
Act.
The compliance and non-compliance with
respect to the Process Controllers and
Supervisors at each of the WTWs will be
evaluated.

The priorities for supervision, process
controllers and skilled staff will be
highlighted.

Training provided to personnel will be
summarised.

The current log book will be reviewed to
ensure that all the required information is
captured.

Responsibility of the Municipality 
Daily logbook should include: daily shifts
recordings of water quality (raw, process and
final); volume of produced water; water loss
at WTW; chemical dosing rates, use and
stock level; equipment failures and repairs
and incidents.
Classification Certificates of all WTWs, Process Controllers / Operators and Supervisors /
Superintendents to be uploaded on the BDS and provided.

Existing personnel information (Qualifications, Shift patterns, etc.) to be provided.

Daily Water Treatment Process Logbook to be provided.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
8
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water
Services Performance Audit
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE
Compliance per Determinand
Risk assessment Defined Health
Index and Operational Efficiency
Index
Responsibility of the
Municipality

Water quality monitoring to be performed
according to SANS 241 (2011).


Compliance must be classified as
“excellent” according to SANS 241 (2011).

Calculated and categorise the compliance per 
determinand and risk assessment defined
Health defined index

Municipality to submit water quality monitoring results on the Blue Drop System (BDS).

Municipality to submit to DWA and provide hard copies of water quality monitoring result
available to WorleyParsons RSA.
Water quality monitoring results will be
summarised and included in the Blue
Drop Report.
Calculation to be performed based on
SANS 241 (2011).
MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION
Management commitment
Publication of Performance
Service Level Agreements /
Performance agreements
Responsibility of the
Municipality

Demonstration of management commitment
by approval and signing of key documents
(WSP, Drinking Water Quality Monitoring
Programme; Water Treatment Plant
Logbook; Operations and Maintenance
Budget; Water Services Development Plan).

Commitment will be demonstrated by the
approval and signing of the required
documents.

Commitment will also be demonstrated by
proving the allocation of human and
financial resources to drinking water
quality management.

Evidence of budget and expenditure will
be included in report.

Annual publication of drinking water quality
performance;

Proof of annual publication will be included
in report;

Drinking water quality results must be
compared to SANS 241 (2011) standards;

Pro-forma template for the publication of
results will be compiled.

Drinking water quality performance must be
published in at least two media forms.

Written contract between Water Service
Authority (provider of water from source) and
Water Service Provider (provider of treated
water to public).

Existing Service Level Agreement
activities with the West Coast District
Municipality will be summarised.

The Agreement will be reviewed to ensure
that it contains at least: agreed volume of
water to be provided; water quality
monitoring and compliance arrangements;
operation and maintenance specifications;
duration of contract.

Mun. to supply the financial budget and expenditures per financial year.

Mun to provide a list of the allocated human resources.

Mun to provide proof of annual publication and any other publication of water quality
compliance performance.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
9
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water
Services Performance Audit
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
ASSET MANAGEMENT
Annual Process Audit
Asset Register
Availability and
competence of
Maintenance team

Proof of annual process audit for each
WTW.

Process Audits of the West Coast District Municipality
will be summarised.

Proof of implementation of Process Audit
Report findings.

The West Coast District Municipality’s implementation
plan indicating how the findings will be implemented or
how it was implemented will be summarised.

Complete inventory of water treatment
equipment and infrastructure.

Water Assets as included in the Asset Register will be
summarised.

The Asset register will be reviewed to ensure that it
contains asset descriptions, location, condition,
installation date, remaining life, current replacement
value.

Organogram of the maintenance team (electrical and
mechanical) will be summarised.

Copies of the contract between the municipality and
the service providers, where work is outsourced, will
be summarised.

Proof of competency of the team (Capability
Statements) will be summarised.

Proof will be included in the report that maintenance
takes place on-going basis. Records of planned
maintenance schedules and planned and reactive
maintenance undertaken for selected infrastructure will
be summarised.
Site specific operations and maintenance
manual for each WTW.

Existing O&M Manuals will be summarised.

Municipality to upload copy of front page and index on
BDS.

The existing operational and maintenance budgets will
be summarised and operational and maintenance cost
will be calculated per Ml water distributed.

The existing design capacities and flows for the West
Coast DM’s WTWs will be summarised and presented
on a graph.

Calibration certificates will be obtained from the West
Coast District Municipality;

Verification of availability of maintenance
team and proof of competence and
adequate on-going maintenance is
undertaken.
Operations and
Maintenance manual

Maintenance and
Operations Budget
and expenditure

Evidence of Maintenance Budget for the
financial year prior to the Blue Drop
Assessment;

Evidence of Maintenance and operating
expenditure for the financial year prior to the
financial year.

Confirmation of Design capacity;

Proof of daily operating capacity for last 12
months;

Evidence of calibration certificates or
positive displacement tests;

Aquifer utilisation plan (in the case of a
ground water source).

Municipality to supply Budget and maintenance and operating expenditures for the financial year prior to
the Blue Drop Assessment.

Municipality to provide a complete asset register and to update any short comings identified during the
review.

Evidence of process controller duty and log sheets informed by the O&M Manual with evidence of
interventions to be presented during the Blue Drop Site inspection.

Municipality to provide any design information available and records of daily flows.

Municipality to provide calibration certificates for bulk meters.
Design Capacity and
Operational Capacity
Responsibility of the
Municipality
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
10
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.
WATER SAFETY PLANNING
1.1
WATER SAFETY PLANNING PROCESS
WSPs are a form of water quality assurance through a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management
approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. The multiple barrier
principle implies that actions are required at all stages in the process of producing and distributing water in
order to protect water quality. This includes source protection, treatment through several different stages and
prevention of contamination during distribution to each individual household. The role of indicators is seen as
primarily being a means of verification of the WSP in meeting water quality objectives rather than as a routine
tool for monitoring water quality.
A WSP provides for the following:

An organized and structured system to minimize the chance of failure through oversight or management
lapse.

Ensure that a sustainable water supply system is implemented and managed thus minimizing the health
risks to the consumer.

Organize and systemise management practices applied to drinking water and ensure applicability of
these practices to the management of drinking water quality.

Consistency with which safe water is supplied and provides contingency plans to respond to system
failures or unforeseeable hazardous events.
The WSP of Swartland Municipality includes the following three key components:

System assessment, which determines whether the drinking water supply chain (up to the point of
consumption) as a whole can deliver water of a quality that meets national standards.

Identification of control measures in the drinking water systems that will collectively control identified
risks and ensure that health based targets are met. Appropriate means of operational monitoring was
defined for each control measure identified, that will ensure that any deviation from the required
performance is rapidly detected in a timely manner.

Management plans describing actions taken during normal operation or incident conditions and
documenting the system assessment (including upgrade and improvement), monitoring and
communication plans and supporting programmes.
The schematic layout below gives an overview of step-by-step approach to be followed when compiling a
WSP
PREPARATION
Preliminary actions, including assembling the
WSP team
SYSTEM ASSESSMENT
FEEDBACK
Revise the WSP
following incident
Plan and carry out
periodic review of
the WSP
Describe the water supply system
Identify the hazards and assess the risks
Determine and validate control measures,
reassess and prioritize the risks
Develop, implement, and maintain and
improvement / upgrade plan
OPERATIONAL MONITORING
Define monitoring and control measures
Verify the effectiveness of the WSP
UPGRADE
Investment
required for
major system
modification
MANAGEMENT & COMMUNICATION
Incident
(Emergency)
Prepare management procedures
Develop supporting programmes
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
11
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The WSP will guide both day to day actions and long term planning. It will identify crucial aspects that
collectively ensure the provision of safe water and aid system managers and operators in gaining a better
understanding of the water supply system and the risks that need to be managed. Some of these aspects
include the following:

Regular monitoring and inspections that signal deteriorating water quality (and prompt action).

Regular on-going maintenance to reduce the chance of failure by contamination.

Guidance for improvement and expenditure.

Additional training and capacity building initiatives.

A list where to get help, who needs to know details of water quality and how quickly they need to know.
DWA’s minimum requirements for the Water Safety Planning Process are as follows:

Detail flow diagrams and system descriptions;

Rigorous method to identify hazards and hazardous events, and assess and prioritise risks;

Development of an improvement plan for each HIGH priority risk;

Operational monitoring of control measures;

Compliance monitoring and auditing of operational activities to verify the effectiveness of the Water
Safety Plan;

Management procedures for normal and incident / emergency conditions;

Identification of the support programmes that are required to develop people’s skills and knowledge,
commitment to the Water Safety Plan approach and capacity to manage systems to deliver safe water;

A planned review schedule for the Water Safety Planning Process to ensure that it is up to date and
continues to be appropriate to the needs of the drinking water system and stakeholders. The Water
Safety Planning Process follows a never ending circular form and therefore continually leads to
refinement and redevelopment of itself. The WSP cannot therefore be a once-off exercise and the plan
must be reviewed and updated at least annually; and

Report signed by key catchment, treatment and distribution stakeholders indicating approval of the risk
ratings as well as commitment to the allocation of resources and budget.
Table 1.1.1: DWA’s Water Safety Planning KPIs and percentages for the various years
Key Performance Indicator
KPI Percentages
Year 4
Year 5
Water Safety Planning Process
10
10
Year 6
5
Risk Assessment and Review of Control Measures
30
30
35
Risk-Based Monitoring Programmes
25
25
25
Credibility and Submission of Drinking Water Quality Data
20
15
15
Incident Management
15
20
20
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
12
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
WorleyParsons RSA and the Municipality agreed that a more comprehensive WSP be developed to include
the following:

A WSP team with adequate experience and expertise to understand the water abstraction, treatment and
distribution process as well as the hazards that can impact safety through the supply system. Top
management support for the development of the WSP is essential to its success. The roles and
responsibilities of each team member and stakeholder should be clearly defined.

A detailed description of the water supply system including a description of the catchment, treatment
process & distribution system, relevant water quality standards, as well as the identification of the users
and uses of the water. Flow diagrams must be prepared to provide an overview of the:

Catchment including potential pollution sources.

Treatment processes.

Storage and distribution infrastructure

Hazard identification and risk assessment of catchment, treatment process & distribution system.
This includes identification of all potential biological, chemical and physical hazards, the hazardous
events that could result in the water supply being compromised and evaluation of their contribution to
water quality risks.

An assessment of existing control measures and barriers for any of the risks identified, including an
evaluation of the effectiveness of existing control measures. The risks are then required to be
recalculated (in terms of likelihood and consequence) accounting for all existing control measures.

If any control measures for significant risks are deemed not effective or absent, an improvement or
upgrade plan is required to be developed, implemented and maintained. Improvement plans should be
developed to address the prioritized risks and should clearly outline roles & responsibilities and a
timeframe for the implementation of mitigation measures.

Operational monitoring to indicate that the controls and barriers are working effectively and records of
corrective actions when operational monitoring indicates that controls are not functioning optimally.

Compliance monitoring to verify the effectiveness of the WSP and confirm that the water is safe to
drink.

Management procedures documenting actions under normal conditions as well as incident conditions.
Procedures required include standard operating procedures, incident management protocol and
communication protocols and strategies.

Supporting programmes to develop people’s skills, knowledge and capacity to manage drinking water
systems to supply safe water.

Sign off of the WSP by relevant key stakeholders.

Periodic review of the Plan, but specifically following an incident.
1.1.1
WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM
The first step in establishing and sustaining a WSP is to allocate accountability and responsibility for the WSP.
Here it is necessary to understand the responsibilities of all persons involved in water quality management. A
qualified, dedicated team was established by Swartland Municipality to compile their WSP. A collaborative
multi-stakeholder approach was also followed in order to ensure that all the agencies with responsibility for
specific areas within the water cycle are involved in the management of water quality.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
13
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The team was compiled by Swartland Municipality during the first meeting that was held on the 15th of October
2012 at the Engineering Department in Malmesbury. The WSP process / approach to be followed and the
various tasks were worked through with the WSP Team during the meeting. The roles and responsibilities of
the individuals on the team were also defined and recorded. It is essential that senior management are aware
of the provisions of the act, the water quality requirement set in SANS:241 Drinking water quality standard as
well as their own accountabilities with regard to water services provision.
The table below gives an overview of the various WSP Team members.
Table 1.1.1.1: Overview of the various WSP Team members
Provincial Government
D Hene, Z Mapatwana
Local Government
L Zikman, E Steenkamp, J Balie, N Faasen, B van der Merwe, G Titus
External Role-Players
D Daniëls
Ms Esmari Steenkamp of Swartland Municipality is the WSP Team Leader and guided and directed the team
through the preparation process of the WSP and the assessment of the systems. The operational personnel
of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs and the bulk distribution systems and the Swartland
Municipality’s internal distribution systems were also included in the WSP Team from the start of the process,
because of their detailed knowledge about the existing water quality problems in the supply systems and the
WTWs. They are also the best familiarised with their systems and know exactly what the existing operational
monitoring controls are and the potential water quality hazards and hazardous events and the risks associated
with these hazards. They will also contribute to the success of the plan through facilitating its ownership and
implementation.
The complete WSP Team and their contact details is included in Annexure AA. The team have the authority
to enable implementation of the recommendations stemming from the WSP and will be responsible for
developing, implementing and maintaining the WSP as a core part of their day-to-day roles.
1.1.2
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Effective DWQ management requires a clear understanding of the entire drinking water supply system, the
hazards and events that can compromise drinking water quality, and the corrective and preventative
measures and operational controls necessary for assuring a safe and reliable drinking water supply.
Swartland Municipality receives bulk potable water from the West Coast District Municipality. The District
Municipality operates the Withoogte and Swartland bulk schemes, which is served by the Berg River as main
raw water supply. The bulk supply of Withoogte is augmented by abstraction of groundwater from the
Langebaan Road Groundwater Aquifer System. Both these bulk distribution schemes are cross-border
schemes and supply water to Swartland Municipality, Bergrivier Municipality and Saldanha Bay Municipality.
The towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area supplied with bulk potable water by the West Coast
District Municipality are Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Riverlands, Chatsworth and Kalbaskraal), Moorreesburg,
Yzerfontein, Darling, Riebeek Kasteel, Riebeek Wes, Koringberg and PPC.
Swartland Municipality supplements the water received from West Coast District Municipality in the
Malmesbury distribution system with water from the Perdeberg Dam, which is treated by an automatic
backwash rapid gravity sand filter, before it is distributed to Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and
Chatsworth. A further three boreholes in Riverlands are also used as additional supply for Riverlands and
Kalbaskraal. The groundwater is disinfected, before it is blended with the other potable water and distributed
to the consumers in Riverlands and Kalbaskraal respectively. The existing internal distributions system for
which Swartland Municipality is responsible are as follows:
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
14
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Swartland Bulk Distribution System (Raw water from the Voëlvlei dam is pumped to the Swartland WTWs
from where treated water flows to the Gouda pump station and the Kasteelberg pump station respectively
from where it is pumped to the Kasteelberg reservoirs). The following towns receive potable water from the
Swartland Bulk System.
Riebeek Wes: Potable water is distributed from the Kasteelberg Reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme (West
Coast DM) to the Riebeek Wes Reservoirs (Four reservoirs with capacity of 1.75Ml each). Potable water is
distributed from the four reservoirs to the Riebeek Wes consumers.
Riebeek Kasteel: Potable water is distributed from the Kasteelberg Reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme
(West Coast DM) via Riebeek Wes to two storage reservoirs in Riebeek Kasteel, with a combined capacity of
1.5Ml. Potable water is distributed from the two reservoirs to the Riebeek Kasteel consumers.
Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth): Potable water is supplied via the
Rustfontein Pump Station to the Glen Lilly reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme. The potable water is
supplemented downstream with water from the Perdeberg Dam, which is treated by an automatic backwash
rapid gravity sand filter and disinfected, before it is distributed to Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and
Chatsworth. Additional groundwater is also supplied from three boreholes in Riverlands, which is pumped into
the reservoir (after disinfection) and blended with the other potable water, before it is distributed to the
Riverlands and Chatsworth consumers.
Darling: Potable water is distributed from the Glen Lilly reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme (West Coast DM)
to the Darling Reservoirs (two reservoirs with a combined capacity of 2.5Ml). Potable water is distributed from
the two reservoirs to the Darling consumers.
Yzerfontein: Potable water is supplied from the Swartland Scheme (West Coast DM) via the Darling Pump
Station to the Yzerfontein reservoirs (2 reservoirs with combined capacity of 5Ml). Potable water is distributed
from the two reservoirs to the Yzerfontein consumers.
Withoogte Bulk Distribution System (Raw water from the Misverstand dam on the Berg River is pumped via
the Misverstand pump station to the Withoogte WTWs from where treated water is distributed to the following
two towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area.
Moorreesburg: Potable water is pumped from the Withoogte WTWs (West Coast DM) to the three reservoirs
in Moorreesburg with a total capacity of 9Ml. Potable water is distributed from the three reservoirs to the
Moorreesburg consumers.
Koringberg: Potable water is pumped from the Withoogte WTWs (West Coast DM) to the Koringberg
reservoir of 0.2Ml capacity, from where it is distributed to the consumers.
The existing water supply systems, water sources and water treatment processes for which the West Coast
DM and Swartland Municipality is responsible is summarised in the table below:
Table 1.1.2.1: Existing water supply systems, water sources and water treatment processes
Water Supply System
Water Treatment Works / Disinfection Plant
Sources
WTWs
Treatment Process
Withoogte
Chemical Dosing (Lime, Ferric Sulphate,
Poly-Electrolyte), Flocculation,
Sedimentation, Filtration (Rapid gravity sand
filters) and Disinfection (Chlorine Gas)
Additional Disinfection
Besaansklip Disinfection (Chlorine
Gas)
Chemical Dosing (Lime, Ferric Sulphate,
Poly-Electrolyte), Flocculation,
Sedimentation, Filtration (Rapid gravity sand
filters) and Disinfection (Chlorine Gas)
-
Withoogte Bulk System
(West Coast DM)
Berg River
(Misverstand
Dam)
Swartland Bulk System
(West Coast DM)
Berg River
(Voëlvlei Dam)
Swartland
Malmesbury Internal
System (Additional own
sources)
Perdeberg Dam
-
Rapid Gravity Sand Filter and Disinfection
(Chlorine Gas)
Kalbaskraal
Three Riverlands
Boreholes
-
Riverlands Disinfection (Chlorine Gas)
-
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
15
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The following factors were considered during the documentation and description of each of the distribution
systems and were completed with the WSP Team.
Table 1.1.2.2: Factors considered during the documentation and description of the distribution systems
Source Water and Catchment
Distribution System
 Protection measures applied.
 Developments in the catchments that affect quality.
 Known water quality problems.
 Known design faults
 Areas of distribution and service levels
 Known operational problems
Table 1.1.2.3: Summary of distribution systems
System
Withoogte Bulk
System
(West Coast DM)
Swartland Bulk
System
(West Coast DM)
Malmesbury
Internal System
Sources
Berg River
(Misverstand Dam)
Treatment
Areas (Towns)
Withoogte WTW
Besaansklip Disinfection
Berg River
(Voëlvlei Dam)
Swartland WTWs (West
Coast DM)
Perdeberg Dam
Filtration and Disinfection
Three Riverlands
Boreholes
Disinfection
WSP Team Member
Moorreesburg and
Koringberg
Malmesbury, Abbotsdale,
Kalbaskraal, Riverlands,
Chatsworth, Darling,
Yzerfontein, Riebeek Kasteel,
Riebeek Wes, PPC
Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal,
Riverlands, Chatsworth
Riverlands, Chatsworth
Ben van der Merwe and
Garnet Titus
Louis Zikman and
Esmari Steenkamp
Withoogte raw water storage reservoir
Raw Water Canal from Voëlvlei Dam to Berg River
Paardenberg Filtration and Disinfection with supply
from Perdeberg Dam
One of Riverlands Boreholes
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
16
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The relative importance and ranking of the 36 quaternary catchments in the Berg River Catchment are
summarised in the table below (Prioritising quaternary catchments for invasive alien plant control within the
fynbos and karoo biomes of the Western Cape Province, CSIR Report No. CSIR/NRE/ECO/EF/2009/0094/B):
Table 1.1.2.4: Summary of relative importance and ranking of the quaternary catchments in the Berg River Catchment
Quaternary
Catchment
Relative
importance
Existing West Coast Bulk Systems and
Malmesbury internal system receiving flow
from the Catchment
Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems
Criteria – Weighting assigned (%)
G10B
0.091
State land
30.7%
G10G
0.081
Other land
10.2%
G22A
0.066
Water stressed catchments
13.9%
Highest water yielding catchments
4.9%
Maintain functioning of rivers
1.5%
1.4%
G22F
0.062
G10A
0.055
G22B
0.054
Restore functioning or rivers
G22J
0.039
Proportion of the catchment available
G10E
0.036
G22K
0.034
G10C
0.029
G10D
0.027
G21A
Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems
Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems
for invasion
12.5%
Potential invasion by priority species
5.0%
Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems
Current invasion by priority species
2.1%
Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems
Alignment with conservation corridors
3.6%
0.027
Conservation status of rivers
3.0%
G21B
0.027
Conservation status of vegetation types 2.3%
G22H
0.025
G10F
0.023
G10M
Legal status of protected areas
0.8%
Proportion of area protected
0.6%
0.021
Risk of fire induced erosion
4.5%
G10K
0.019
Proportion of area protected
3.0%
Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems
G30B
0.019
G30C
0.019
G21D
0.017
G22D
0.017
G22G
0.017
G30D
0.017
G30F
0.017
G10J
0.016
Withoogte Bulk System
G10H
0.015
Withoogte Bulk System
G30E
0.015
G30G
0.015
G30H
0.014
G10L
0.013
G21F
0.013
G22C
0.013
G22E
0.013
G30A
0.013
G21E
0.010
G21C
0.009
Riverlands Boreholes
Perdeberg Dam
The final consolidated model used for weighting criteria and sub-criteria for the fynbos, succulent and Nama
karoo biomes occurring in the quaternary catchments of the Western Cape, as included in the above table,
was as follows:
 Improve the integrity of the water resource (L:.223)

Maintain the integrity of the river system (L:.073)
Rivers (L:.750)
Azonal ecosystems & wetlands (L:.250)

Highest yielding catchment (L:.205)
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
17
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Water stressed catchments (demand) (L:.722)

 Value the catchment for biodiversity (L:.104)

Conservation status of rivers (L:.750)

Conservation status of vegetation type (L:.250)
 Potential veld utilisation (L:.037)

Flower harvesting (fynbos) (L:.333)

Other harvestable products (Karoo) (L:.333)

Grazing (Karoo, renosterveld & grassland) (L:.333)
 Capacity to maintain the gains (L:.424)

State: protected areas (L:.750)

Other (L:.250)
 Potential to spread (L:.173)

Current invasion by priority species (L:.105)

Proportion of the catchment available for invasion (L:.637)

Potential invasion by priority species (L:.258)
 Poverty relief (L:.038)
The Expert Choice software (Anon 2002) requires the weights of alternatives (quaternary catchments in this
case) to be expressed as proportions that sum to one. For each of the criteria and sub-criteria used by the
AHP model listed above the sum of the value for the corresponding variable for each quaternary catchment
was calculated. Each quaternary catchment’s value was then divided by the corresponding total to give the
final weight.
Raw water abstraction data is kept up to date for all the schemes operated by Swartland Municipality and is a
valuable source of information in terms of the water balances for the various systems. The graph below gives
an overview of the historical water supply over the last ten (10) years for the various distribution systems in
Swartland Municipality’s Management Area.
WATER DEMANDS FOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS (Ml/a)
3400
Koringberg
PPC
Riebeek Wes
Riebeek Kasteel
Yzerfontein
Darling
Moorreesburg
Malmesburg
3200
3000
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2001/2002
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
2005/2006
2006/2007
2007/2008
2008/2009
2009/2010
2010/2011
2011/2012
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
18
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The historical bulk water supply to the various towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area, for the
last six years, were as follows:
Table 1.1.2.5: Bulk water supply to the various towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area
Distribution
System
Source
11/12
Record : Prior (Ml/a)
10/11
09/10
08/09
07/08
06/07
58.136
Koringberg
Withoogte Bulk Scheme
48.167
59.952
85.766
62.809
57.829
PPC
Swartland Bulk Scheme
63.600
64.439
62.512
57.676
54.875
43.555
Riebeek Wes
Swartland Bulk Scheme
188.371
214.216
186.384
166.745
157.435
167.235
Riebeek Kasteel
Swartland Bulk Scheme
253.825
263.467
222.052
257.634
241.840
226.158
Yzerfontein
Swartland Bulk Scheme
316.552
320.386
303.482
301.621
275.702
251.914
Darling
Swartland Bulk Scheme
722.191
699.043
621.480
533.710
421.210
442.554
Moorreesburg
Withoogte Bulk Scheme
827.492
762.024
797.450
803.680
822.940
840.580
Malmesbury
Swartland Bulk Scheme,
Paardenberg dam, Boreholes
3 113.432
3146.105
2 892.103
3 107.700
2 996.580
2 756.470
5 533.630
5 529.632
5 171.229
5 291.575
5 028.411
4 786.602
Total
Note: Malmesbury in the above table include Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth
The capacity of the existing water sources in relation to the projected future demands is as follows:
Table 1.1.2.6: Allocations and expected future annual water demand for Withoogte, Swartland and Langebaan Road
Name
Resource Name
Permit Reg. Certificate
Current Allocation (kl/a)
Langebaan Road boreholes
Saldanha Underground
No. 22062688
1 500 000
Withoogte Misverstand
Berg River
No. 22062820
17 440 000
Swartland Voëlvlei
Berg River (Voëlvlei Dam)
No. 22062777
4 200 000
Minus 10% of Langebaan Road (as recommended by Monitoring Committee)
Total Allocation
-150 000
22 990 000
Expected Future Annual Water Demand (kl/a)
Resource Shortage (kl/a)
Year
Withoogte
Swartland
Total Demand
2010
17 266 000
5 692 000
22 958 000
-32 000
2015
21 773 000
7 233 000
29 006 000
6 016 000
2020
26 167 000
8 619 000
34 786 000
11 796 000
2025
30 903 000
10 072 000
40 975 000
17 985 000
2030
36 061 000
11 730 000
47 791 000
24 801 000
2035
2040
41 741 000
48 067 000
13 365 000
15 122 000
55 106 000
63 189 000
32 116 000
40 199 000
Source: West Coast District Municipality, Water Master Plan, March 2010, GLS
In order to ensure sustainable economic development in the West Coast region the West Coast District
Municipality started with a comprehensive study in 2007 to identify a sustainable long term alternative water
source for the region. Various alternative sources and combinations thereof were evaluated and eventually a
25.5 Ml/day sea water desalination plant in the Saldanha Bay area was identified as the most cost beneficial
alternative and partial funding for the project was obtained from the Regional Bulk infrastructure Grant (RBIG)
programme from the Department of Water Affairs.
The West Coast District Municipality is therefore proposing to construct and operate a sea water desalination
plant in the Saldanha Bay area using sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology. The intake capacity of
the plant will be approximately 60 Ml/d (21.9 million Ml/a) producing 25.5Ml/d (9.3 million Ml/a) at final
capacity. Approximately 36 Ml/d (13 million Ml/a) brine will be discharged into the sea. It will have a lifespan
of 25 years with the potential of an extended lifespan.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
19
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The plant will be constructed in three phases of 8,5 Ml/d to reach the full capacity by 2026. All infrastructure
however will be constructed for the full capacity in the first construction phase. The proposed project consists
of the following components:

Sea water abstraction infrastructure consisting of an intake structure and pipe connected to either an
intake sump and pump station at the coast with a pump line to the SWRO plant or connected directly to
the sump and pump station situated at the plant.

The SWRO desalination plant located on land at the sites selected for the study. The size of the site
needed is approximately 4-5 Ha and the plant will consist of pre-treatment, RO treatment, electrical and
mechanical equipment in a building, reservoir, and other site related infrastructure.

Treated water reservoir and pump station at the SWRO plant pumping the potable water to the existing
Besaansklip reservoirs of the West Coast District Municipality.

Brine disposal infrastructure from the plant to the sea.

Access roads to the plant.

Site works at the plant.

Electrical substation and connections
From the ten possible sites that was initially identified, the environmental screening and technical evaluation
reduced the sites to two proposed sites to be evaluated i.e. the site at ArcelorMittal in the IDZ of Saldanha Bay
and a site in Danger Bay as indicated on the attached locality plan.
Alternative pipeline routes for these sites are as follows:
Site 1- ArcelorMittal site

Inlet infrastructure in Saldanha Bay harbour with disposal infrastructure also in the harbour

Inlet infrastructure in Saldanha Bay harbour with disposal infrastructure in Danger Bay

Water supply pipeline along the route to the Besaansklip reservoir following roads and cadastral
boundaries.
Site 2 – Danger Bay area

Inlet infrastructure in Danger Bay with disposal infrastructure also in Danger Bay

Inlet infrastructure in Danger Bay with disposal infrastructure also in the adjacent bay area

Water supply pipeline along the route to the Besaansklip reservoir following an existing servitude corridor
and from there following existing water pipeline servitudes along roads and cadastral boundaries.
The site identification, screening of sites and concept designs have been completed and two preferred sites
were proposed, which were included in the environmental process.
The levels of salinity in the Berg River have increased dramatically to the point where the level of assurance of
98% cannot be reached without major engineering effort. Urgent measuring devices must be put in place to
monitor the Berg River, to find the reason for the high salinity readings and to mitigate these circumstances.
Additional factors will have to be addressed through further investigations to determine the sources of
contamination and to include these in the management options at Misverstand.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
20
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Although the modelling results from the ‘Analysis of Management Options at Misverstand Weir to mitigate the
potential impact on salinity of the Berg Water Project and Voëlvlei Augmentation Scheme (DWA, 2006) Study
indicated that the incremental impact of the Berg Water Project and the Voëlvlei Augmentation Scheme could
be mitigated through the provision of an additional 250 000 m³ of off-channel storage capacity, this re-analysis
shows that the desired 98% level of assurance would not be achievable. To obtain a 98% level of assurance
an additional 0.7 million m³ of storage would be required over and above the readily available 0.5 million m³ at
Withoogte.
The table below gives a summary of the existing main water sources for each of the distribution systems,
alternative sources currently in use or which can be used in case of an incident and comments on
interconnectivity of sources and conditions.
Table 1.1.2.7: Summary of existing water sources, alternative sources and comments on the interconnectivity and conditions
of the source
Main Source
Alternative Sources currently in
use or which can be used
Withoogte Bulk
System
Berg River
(Misverstand Dam)
Langebaan Road Groundwater
System
Turbidity of the Berg River increase after heavy rains
and the Salinity levels in the Berg River have also
increased dramatically over the last number of years.
Swartland Bulk
System
Berg River
(Voëlvlei Dam)
Perdeberg Dam
Riverlands Boreholes (x3)
Turbidity of the Berg River increase after heavy rains
and the Salinity levels in the Berg River have also
increased dramatically over the last number of years.
System
Interconnectivity of sources and conditions
The population served by each of the distribution systems are included in the table below:
Table 1.1.2.8: Population served by each of the distribution systems (Exclude farms in the rural areas)
Census 2001
System
2001-2011
Persons /
HH
Growth
%/a
Census 2011
11/12 Consumer
Units (Residential,
Business, Other)
Pop.
Number
of HHs
Number
of HHs
Persons /
HH
8 575
2 187
Koringberg
357
104
3 698
3.48
3 354
317
3.83
325
Malmesbury
22 946
5 709
4.02
4.58%
Riebeek Wes
2 660
559
4.76
5.64%
35 897
9 473
3.79
7 814
4 605
1 143
4.03
Riebeek Kasteel
Yzerfontein
2 518
605
4.16
778
6.58%
4 761
1 345
3.54
1 145
237
2.18
Darling
7 541
8.25%
1 140
490
2.33
1 277
1 917
3.93
3.29%
10 420
2 800
3.72
Swartland Bulk System, Perdeberg Dam and Three Riverlands Boreholes
2 606
Abbotsdale
2 752
658
4.18
3.18%
3 762
924
4.07
653
Kalbaskraal
Riverlands
1 302
302
4.31
6.36%
2 411
659
3.66
424
1 031
263
3.92
5.29%
1 726
427
4.04
321
Chatsworth
Total
960
51 158
210
12 751
4.57
4.01
9.25%
4.72%
2 326
81 139
679
21 955
3.43
3.70
710
19 407
Pop.
Withoogte Bulk System
Moorreesburg
516
3.92
4.15%
12 877
3.43
13.02%
1 214
Swartland Bulk System
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
21
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The table below gives an overview of the water use within the various systems, the susceptibility of the end
users and particularly vulnerable sub-groups that may be at particular risk.
Table 1.1.2.9: Overview of the water use within the various systems, the susceptibility of the end users and particularly
vulnerable sub-groups
% Of total water sales (Note*) and Number of CUs
System
Residential
Commercial &
Industrial
Vulnerable Sub Groups
Other Usage
Number of informal
dwellings in
Backyards
Number of
informal
dwellings not in
Backyards
%
CUs
%
CUs
%
CUs
Number
Number
Moorreesburg
Koringberg
65.9
3 085
28.0
229
6.1
40
29
123
91.1
308
8.3
14
0.6
3
4
0
Malmesbury
PPC
61.9
80.9
7 293
79
30.8
6.6
454
3
7.3
12.5
67
14
1 421
0
36
0
Riebeek Wes
72.6
704
26.8
66
0.6
8
30
0
Riebeek Kasteel
Yzerfontein
76.6
1 089
22.4
45
1.0
11
104
1
87.1
1 236
6.1
22
6.8
19
2
0
Darling
64.1
2 454
640
34.8
122
10
1.1
30
3
28
40
1
16
409
80
9
3
Incl. with
Malmesbury
5
312
Incl. with
Malmesbury
10
Riverlands
Incl. with
Malmesbury
6
20
45
Chatsworth
Total
65.8
682
18 291
28.5
6
984
5.7
22
228
17
1 775
102
333
Abbotsdale
Kalbaskraal
Consumer education available for water use (how this is communicated) and how consumers are notified of potential
contamination.


West Coast Bulk Monitoring Committee, Newsletters, West Coast Bulletin (With monthly bills) and Customer Relations Desks
(Pamphlets etc. available).
Notification Method of potential contamination: Public address (Radio and Press).
Note: (*) % Distribution of Water Sales data and number of CUs for the 2011/2012 financial year
The position of the service reservoirs, their capacity and each reservoir’s TWL are indicated on the aerial
photos in Annexure AC. The reservoirs are well maintained and most of the reservoirs are fenced and locked.
The tables below give an overview of the existing reservoirs and water pump stations for which Swartland
Municipality is responsible:
Table 1.1.2.10: Existing reservoirs and water pump stations for which Swartland Municipality is responsible.
Name
Type
Material
Capacity
TWL
Moorreesburg
Moorreesburg Reservoir No.1
Ground
Concrete
4.580
226.2
Moorreesburg Reservoir No.2
Ground
Concrete
1.030
227.2
Moorreesburg Reservoir No.3
Ground
Concrete
2.550
226.2
0.270
81.7
Koringberg
Koringberg Reservoir No.1
Ground
Concrete
Malmesbury
Wesbank No.1
Ground
Concrete
0.990
202.1
Wesbank No.2
Ground
Concrete
3.320
204.0
Wesbank No.3
Ground
Concrete
5.130
204.0
Wesbank Tower
Elevated Tower
Concrete
0.220
219.0
Prison Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
2.120
215.0
Klipkop Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
2.810
Old Golf Course Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
5.370
212.0
Panorama Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
5.300
230.0
Mount Royal Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
2.500
248.0
Kleindam Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
1.450
170.0
Kleindam Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
1.420
170.0
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
22
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth
New Abbotsdale Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
To be confirmed
To be confirmed
Abbotsdale Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.260
152.8
Kalbaskraal Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.290
81.2
Kalbaskraal Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.290
81.2
Riverlands / Chatsworth Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.540
188.0
PPC
PPC LL Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.093
282.0
PPC HL Reservoir
Ground
Steel
2.300
329.0
Riebeek Wes
Riebeek Wes New Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
1.500
250.8
Riebeek Wes Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.900
293.9
Riebeek Wes Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.290
293.9
Riebeek Kasteel
Riebeek Kasteel Reservoir A
Ground
Concrete
1.200
191.6
Riebeek Kasteel Reservoir B
Ground
Concrete
0.660
201.7
Yzerfontein
Yzerfontein New Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
2.550
81.7
Yzerfontein Old Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
1.820
81.7
177.7
Darling
Darling No.1 Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.570
Darling No.2 Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
2.100
176.9
Darling No.3 Reservoir
Ground
Concrete
0.750
To be confirmed
Existing Pumps on the various distribution systems
Wesbank Tower supply PS
Panorama Booster PS
Tafelsig Booster PS
Malmesbury, Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands,
Chatsworth Systems
Mount Royal Booster PS
Abbotsdale PS
Riverlands / Chatsworth PS at Kalbaskraal
Kalbaskraal Booster PS
Chatsworth reservoir supply PS at Riverlands Sump
Moorreesburg
Moorreesburg PS
Riebeek Wes
Riebeek Wes HL reservoir PS
Riebeek Kasteel
Booster PS
Ongegund
Ongegund HL reservoir PS (At LL reservoir)
Abbotsdale Reservoir (0.260 Ml)
Chatsworth Reservoir (0.540 Ml)
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
23
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Two Kalbaskraal Reservoirs (0.290 Ml each)
Malmesbury Kleindam Reservoir (1.450 Ml)
Secured Chatsworth Reservoir Cover
Secured Abbotsdale Reservoir Cover
The completed “Factors for consideration during the documentation and description of the system” templates
are included in Annexure AD. These templates enabled the WSP Team to get a complete understanding of
the existing systems, including the range and magnitude of the hazards that may be present and the ability of
the existing processes and infrastructure to manage the actual or potential risks.
Detailed flow diagrams of the distribution systems and the water treatment processes are included in
Annexure AB. The diagrams provide an overview description of the drinking water systems and enable
hazards to be identified clearly. The chemicals that are added to the water at the West Coast DM’s WTWs
are also included on the flow diagrams. Aerial photos of the water and sewer networks for each of the
distribution systems are also included in Annexure AC. The flow diagrams for the systems and the treatment
processes were confirmed with the Operational Managers during the site visits and the meetings with them.
The validation of the flow diagrams enabled the WSP Team to determine the vulnerability of the systems in
terms of its design and constructions and the operation and maintenance of the systems. The flow diagrams
were signed and dated by the Operational Managers.
Swartland Municipality has been one of the more proactive municipalities in the Western Cape Province in
responding to the call from many quarters to improve the management of municipal infrastructure assets. The
Municipality compiled an Asset Register for all their water infrastructure and also implements a pipeline
refurbishment / replacement programme.
The water quality results of the monthly compliance samples taken by both the West Coast DM and the
Swartland Municipality at the various points throughout the distribution networks were loaded onto the BDS
and are also included in Annexure C.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
24
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.2
RISK ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW OF CONTROL MEASURES
1.2.1
RISK ASSESSMENT
1.2.1.1 Hazards and hazardous event identification
Key to the success of a WSP is the execution of a detailed risk assessment. This step of the WSP
establishes the risk that the water quality standard will not be met as well as the consequences if the standard
is not complied with.
A hazard is any agent that will cause an adverse health effect if it is consumed via drinking water. A
hazardous event is an incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard. Hazards may be
microbiological, physical or chemical in origin. Identification of hazards is important to ensure that adequate
protection measure can be applied and to identify treatment requirements.
Typical hazards and hazardous events can include the following:

Power failures.

Extreme weather events (e.g. flooding).

Equipment breakdown and mechanical failure.

Leaks in the distribution system (e.g. where negative pressures are experienced during low flow periods).

Accidents which increase levels of contaminations (e.g. spills in catchment, incorrect dosing of
chemicals).

Non-compliance with standard / guideline values and other requirements.

Human action (e.g. strikes resulting in lack of control at the treatment plant).

Insufficient or infected storage of drinking water.
The following risk assessment forms were completed by the Operational Managers for each of the distribution
systems, in order to assist the WSP Team with the identification of all potential hazards or hazardous events.
The completed forms are included in Annexure AE.

Evaluation of Catchment and Raw Water Sources.

Distribution risk evaluation
A list of potential hazards and hazardous events were compiled and worked through with the WSP Team on
the 15th of October 20112. The agenda, attendance register and presentations made at the meeting with the
WSP Team are included in Annexure AA. Additional hazards were also added to the list by the WSP Team
and the potential hazards were evaluated for each of the distribution systems. The table below gives a
summary of the various elements and the systems that were evaluated. The complete list of potential hazards
or hazardous events as identified by the WSP Team is included in Annexure AF.
Table 1.2.1.1.1: Potential hazards or hazardous events evaluated by the WSP Team
Components
Systems Evaluated
Surface Water
Rivers, Streams, Dams
Perdeberg Dam
Springs
Not Applicable
All Sources
Withoogte and Swartland Bulk Systems
Groundwater
Boreholes
Three Riverlands Boreholes
Treatment (WTWs)
Coagulation, Flocculation and
Sedimentation
Not Applicable
Filtration
Paardenberg
Chlorination
Paardenberg and Riverlands
Softening / Stabilization
Not Applicable
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
25
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.2.1.1.1: Potential hazards or hazardous events evaluated by the WSP Team
Components
Systems Evaluated
Distribution
Protected Service Reservoirs
Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth), Moorreesburg, Riebeek Wes,
Riebeek Kasteel, Yzerfontein, Koringberg, Darling
Distribution Systems
Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth), Moorreesburg, Riebeek Wes,
Riebeek Kasteel, Yzerfontein, Koringberg, Darling
Household Connections
Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth), Moorreesburg, Riebeek Wes,
Riebeek Kasteel, Yzerfontein, Koringberg, Darling
Community Standpipes
Chatsworth, Riverlands
West Coast District Municipality: The table below summarise the recalculated risks for the West Coast
Bulk Distribution Systems, after the existing control measures were taken into account, of the potential
hazards or hazardous events that scored originally medium or high in the West Coast District Municipality’s
first assessment.
Table 1.2.1.1.2: Summary of recalculated risks for the Withoogte and Swartland bulk distribution systems, as included in their
Water Safety Plan
Low Risks
Medium Risks
High Risks




Over abstraction of groundwater source, which lead to
increased leaching of contaminants.
Dosing malfunction can reduce floc formation and thus the
efficient removal of harmful micro-organisms, organic material,
colour and turbidity
Poor control of pH and alkalinity can reduce coagulation and floc
formation.
Changes in raw water quality can occur either seasonally or
following an event. If dosing of coagulant and flocculent is not
modified in response to water quality, treatment will be impaired.



Power failures
Increased Salinity Levels in
the Berg River (Water quality
standards cannot be met with
98% assurance of supply)
Poor condition of pipelines.

None
Communal standpipes represent probably the weakest part of a network’s water supply services. Often
constructed in ways that cannot withstand excessive use (and abuse) and often neglected in terms of
operation and maintenance adversely affecting the health of its already vulnerable and poor users.
Communal standpipes are also used by poor households who normally don’t pay for water. Poor people are
the ones that suffer the most from water-related diseases due to:

Poor quality and maintenance of standpipes and their surroundings. Standpipes are often leaking and
poor drainage around standpipes results in standing pools of water and muddy soil.

Standpipes are not protected and animals lick the taps.

When people have to walk long distances to fetch water, it is used sparingly and not enough water is
used for hygiene.

Even if water is clean when it leaves the standpipe tap, it is often contaminated by dirty containers used
for carrying and storage.
Some of the households in Chatsworth and Riverlands still make use of communal services (Approximately 89
households in Chatsworth and 5 households in Riverlands). The only other areas where communal water
services are currently still in use is on some of the farms in the rural areas.
1.2.1.2 Assessment of the risks
The impact of each of the hazards or hazardous events were characterised by assessing the severity of the
likely health outcome and the probability of occurrence. A risk is the likelihood of the identified hazard/s
causing harm to exposed populations in a specified timeframe including the magnitude of that harm and / or
the consequences.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
26
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The following hazard assessment matrix was used to score the existing risks that could make the water
unsafe and to rank the hazards in order to establish priorities.
Table 1.2.1.2.1: Hazard assessment matrix used to score existing risks
Likelihood
Rating
Consequence
Rating
Almost certain (Once a day or permanent feature)
1
Catastrophic (Death expected from exposure)
100
Likely (Once per week)
0.8
Major (Population exposed to significant illness)
70
Moderately likely (Once per month)
0.5
Moderate (Large aesthetic impact)
20
Unlikely (Once per year)
0.2
Minor (Small aesthetic impact)
2
Rare (1 in 5 years)
0.1
Insignificant (No impact)
1
The table below gives an overview of the risk profile based on the score calculated from the risk assessment
matrix.
Table 1.2.1.2.2: Overview of the risk profile based on the score calculated from the risk assessment matrix
Score
Risk Profile
0–9
Low: These are systems that operate with minor deficiencies. Usually the systems meet the water quality
parameters specified by the appropriate guidelines (SANS 241:2006)
Medium: These are systems with deficiencies which individually or combined pose a high risk to the quality of water
and human health. These systems would not generally require immediate action but the deficiencies could be more
easily corrected to avoid future problems.
High: These are systems with major deficiencies which individually combined pose a high risk to the quality of water
and may lead to potential health and safety or environmental concerns. Once systems are classified under this
category, immediate corrective action is required to minimize or eliminate efficiencies.
10 – 19
> 20
Likelihood is determined by “how often” or “how likely” a hazard or a hazardous event occurs. It must take
into account hazards that have occurred in the past and their likelihood of re-occurrence and must also predict
the likelihood of hazards and events that have not occurred to date.
Consequence determines the severity of the results of the hazard / hazardous event and the seriousness or
intensity of the impact of the hazard to human health.
Risk Rating = Likelihood x Consequence
Table 1.2.1.2.3: Potential hazards or hazardous events that scored medium or high during Swartland Municipality’s risk
assessment process
Medium Risks





Groundwater may contain health related
chemicals as a result of local geology (no
groundwater monitoring).
Non-compliance with regard to chlorine safety
legislation.
Unauthorised human access, illegal
substances thrown into reservoir.
Dead-end mains and low water flows can led
to stagnant water and loss of residual chlorine
(Koringberg, Riebeek Wes and Riebeek
Kasteel).
E-coli failures within distribution networks.
High Risks











Agricultural or Forestry practices may lead to contamination by toxic
chemicals including pesticides, spillage of diesel and petroleum products.
Safety Audit: Staff working with chlorine not adequately trained (Respiratory
equipment, chlorine handling and first aid).
Safety Audit: Emergency procedures and action plans not in place.
Safety Audit: Inadequate chlorine signage at treatment facilities
Safety Audit: Proper offloading and moving of equipment is not available.
Safety Audit: Chlorine buildings and rooms not on standard.
Safety Audit: Drum / Cylinder storage not on standard.
Safety Audit: Dosing equipment not on standard.
Safety Audit: First aid kit and safety equipment (PPE) not in place.
Safety Audit: Personnel protective equipment not in place (PPE).
Safety Audit: Leak detection and contaminated air control equipment not in
place.
The two biggest risks for the Swartland Municipality’s Internal Distribution Systems, as identified by the WSP
team, are E.Coli failures within the distribution systems and the potential risks with regard to the safe handling
/ transporting of chlorine.
Swartland Municipality’s Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment is included under Section 3.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
27
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.2.2
RISK MANAGEMENT
1.2.2.1 Control measures
Improved access to safe drinking water has significant benefits for public health and every effort should be
made to achieve a drinking water quality that complies with the national safety standards in SANS:241.
Control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality are actions that reduce levels of hazards within
their water supply systems either by preventing entry, reducing concentration, or by restricting their
production. Some of the control measures implemented by the Swartland Local Municipality are effective
against more than one specific hazard while some of the hazards require more than one control measure for
effective control. The assessment and planning of control measures in the Swartland Local Municipality’s
distribution systems ensure that health-based targets are met and are based on hazard identification and
assessment.
Barriers implemented by the Swartland Municipality against contamination and deteriorating quality include:

Participate in catchment management and water source protection issues.

Correct operation and maintenance of the filtration and disinfection plants.

Protection and maintenance of the distribution system. This includes ensuring an adequate disinfectant
residual at all times, rapid response to pipe bursts and other leaks, regular cleaning of reservoirs,
keeping all delivery points tidy and clean, etc.
Four other important barriers against poor quality drinking water that are a prerequisite to those listed above
are:

A well informed Council and municipal managers that understand the extreme importance of and are
committed to providing adequate resources for continuous professional operation and maintenance of the
water supply system.

A Service Delivery Agreement with the West Coast District Municipality is in place for the provision of
bulk water.

Competent managers and supervisors in the technical department who are responsible for water supply
services lead by example and are passionate about monitoring and safeguarding drinking water quality.

Well informed community members and other consumers of water supply services that know how to
protect the water from becoming contaminated once it has been delivered, that have respect for water as
a precious resource and that adhere to safe hygiene and sanitation practices.
The existing control measures implemented by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland
Municipality are based on a multi-barrier principle so that if one barrier fails, the remaining barriers still
operate, thus minimizing the likelihood of contaminants passing through the entire system and being in
insufficient amounts to cause harm to consumers
The control measures implemented by the West Coast District Municipality minimises the likelihood of
Swartland Municipality receiving potable water of an unacceptable quality. Swartland Municipality identified
critical control points throughout each of their distribution systems. It is necessary to monitor variables that
can impact water quality at these control points such as, raw water quality, filtration efficiencies, chlorine
dosage rates, failure of distribution systems, etc. Critical control points relate to points within the distribution
system that require on-going evaluation to ensure that the final water quality meets required standards.
Operational limits need to be set at each of the critical control points. Operational limits relate to unit process
design criteria and should indicate what the quality of the water should be at the outlet of each unit process.
Operational limits are required to ensure that each of the treatment processes / critical control points are
functioning to capacity.
The existing control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality at control points throughout their
distributions systems are listed in Annexure AF and the Control Measure Sheets are included in Annexure AJ.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
28
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The existing control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality can be summarised as follows:
Table 1.2.2.1.1: Existing control measures implemented by Swartland Municipality
CATCHMENT AND RAW WATER SOURCE

West Coast Water Monitoring Committee.

Active participation in Catchment Stakeholders’ Forums and communication of critical issues.

Engage with the West Coast District Municipality with regard to additional Water Sources for the Withoogte and
Swartland Bulk Distribution Systems.

Restricted access to sources (Perdeberg Dam is situated in the Paardenberg Nature Reserve and Riverlands boreholes are
fenced).

Ensuring that all water usage is registered and authorized by DWA as stipulated by the National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998).

Building and planning regulations include measures to protect the water resources from potentially polluting activities (e.g.
industries).

Enforcement of Water Services Bylaws and strict monitoring of industrial consumers, with regard to the quality of effluent
discharged by them.

Abstraction of Riverlands boreholes linked to the telemetry system.

Filtration: Rapid Gravity Sand filters with automated backwashing procedures. Operational personnel regularly inspect the
filters in order to ensure that the filters are operational.

Disinfection
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
Operator ensures that there is sufficient chlorine in the tanks / cylinders.
Operator test for gas leaks on a regular basis or whenever required.
Operator ensures that chlorine dosing takes place at the correct dosage levels. Records are kept. The chlorine dosing is
automated and linked to the flows.
Follow safety procedures.

Security: Plant is fenced and locked.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Bulk meter readings are taken 8 hourly by the West Coast DM and the amount of water received is monitored by the West
Coast DM.

The West Coast DM implements an Alarmed Telemetry System for operating limits (Continuous monitoring with alarms for
some of the processes).

Standby generators (general standby generators)

Trained operational personnel (trained in chlorine disinfection systems)

Verification Monitoring: Monthly microbiological samples taken at various points on the distribution networks.

Storage
Bulk meter readings are taken by a telemetry system 24 hours per day.
Levels of reservoirs are controlled through telemetry system (Opening & Closing)

Security at chlorination stations
Chlorination plants are fenced and locked with alarms.

Security at pump stations
Intruder alarms for pump stations.

Security at reservoirs
All of the reservoir covers are locked and some of the reservoirs are fenced in order to prevent access.

Monitoring water losses
Internal network distribution losses are monitored for each of the distribution systems on a monthly basis.

Customer complaints system
Developed help-desks at all municipal administrations with the objective to assist customers.
Disabled people are supported to do business from the help-desks. Requests by the illiterate are being captured and forwarded to
the relevant official / section.
After hour emergency requests are being dealt with on a twenty four hour basis.
All complaints are logged through a Logbook System.
The Municipality has maintained a high and a very consistent level of service to the consumers in their Management Area.

“Job Card” system to repair pipe bursts and leaks, with standby teams.
All pipe bursts and leaks are logged and repaired immediately. Standby teams are available during the night and over weekends
and holiday periods.

Rehabilitation and maintenance of the existing infrastructure. An Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure. Old
water networks are replaced annually as funds become available. Pipe Replacement Study was completed in April 2013.

Fully enclosed distribution systems and storage facilities.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
29
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.2.2.1.1: Existing control measures implemented by Swartland Municipality

Maintaining adequate system pressure. Pressure monitoring and recording.

Compliance Monitoring (Water quality sampling programme)
Water Quality Sampling Programme is in place and samples are taken on a regular basis (Results and Parameters tested by the
West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality are included in Annexure C).

Cleaning of reservoirs
Regular inspections of reservoirs and reservoirs are regularly cleaned.

Up-to-date network maps (GIS).

Purchasing policy and procedure.

Consumer education and property inspections
Groundwater Monitoring: Swartland Municipality currently operates the three production boreholes in
Riverlands. The raw water quality of the three boreholes needs to be monitored once a year. The abstraction
from the boreholes is linked to the Municipality’s telemetry system. The boreholes are an important alternative
resource for Riverlands and Chatsworth.
Riverlands / Chatsworth Groundwater System
Table 1.2.2.1.2: Swartland Municipality’s production boreholes
Borehole No.
ID
Latitude
Longitude
Borehole Depth
Installation Depth
Riv BH 1
To be confirmed
33o31’ 27.1”
18o36’ 1.6”
To be confirmed
To be confirmed
Riv BH 2
Riv BH 3
To be confirmed
To be confirmed
33o31’ 19.0”
33o31’ 33.4”
18o35’ 53.1”
18o36’ 6.5”
To be confirmed
To be confirmed
To be confirmed
To be confirmed
The table below gives a summary of the abstraction and monitoring of the Riverlands boreholes.
Table 1.2.2.1.3: Swartland Municipality’s production boreholes monitoring
Borehole No.
Borehole Type
Riv BH 1
Abstraction
Riv BH 2
Abstraction
Riv BH 3
Abstraction
Flow rate
monitoring
Connection to
Telemetry
Hydraulic
parameters
measured
Chemistry
parameters
measured
Automatic flow
meter: Continuous
measurement
Yes
Abstraction
None
Health and Safety at Reservoirs: Most of the reservoir premises are fenced and the gates to the sites are
locked at all times. Most of the concrete manholes for valves and water meters are also supplied with
lockable covers. Notices can be placed on the gates, which should provide information on whom to contact
and the telephone number, for anyone who observes any signs of overflow, leaks or vandalism. An “Access
for unauthorized people is forbidden” sign should also be mounted on the gates.
The reservoirs are also covered with roofs and the ventilation openings are covered with netting, to protect the
water from contamination by bird and animal droppings and to prevent animals being trapped inside the
reservoir. Roofing also prevents algae growth and evaporation. Swartland Municipality needs to ensure that
all covers of reservoirs are locked at all times. Part of Swartland Municipality’s operation and maintenance
activities are to clean the storage reservoirs regularly.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
30
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.2.2.2 Verification and validation of control measures
Verification and validation is the process of obtaining evidence on the performance of control measures. For
many controls validation will require an intensive programme of monitoring to demonstrate the performance of
a control under normal and exceptional circumstances. This should not be confused with operational
monitoring, which shows that the validated control continues to work effectively. Part of the verification is also
a legal requirement in that Swartland Municipality must provide the DWA, DoH and consumers with proof that
they are complying with the requirements of the Water Services Act and the Drinking Water Quality standards
as outlined in SANS:241. Appropriate record keeping of verification information is essential and is of
particular importance if a health related water incident has occurred. Some of the controls implemented by
Swartland Municipality have been in place for some time, with sufficient operating data to give Swartland
Municipality confidence that further validation monitoring is not required.
The Compliance Sampling Results as tested by the West Coast District Municipality are loaded onto DWA’s
BDS. The National Health Laboratory Service is doing the Microbiological water quality testing for Swartland
Municipality at a few points within their internal distribution systems. The sample results are included in
Annexure C.
1.2.3 REASSESS AND PRIORITIZE RISKS
The WSP considered whether the existing control measures are effective. This was done by site inspections,
manufacturer’s specifications and monitoring data. The risks were then recalculated in terms of likelihood and
consequence, taking into account all the existing control measures. The table below summarise the
recalculated risks, after the existing control measures were taken into account, of the potential hazards or
hazardous events that scored originally medium or high in the first assessment.
Table 1.2.3.1: Summary of recalculated risks
Low Risks





Agricultural or Forestry practices may
lead to contamination by toxic
chemicals including pesticides,
spillage of diesel and petroleum
products.
Non-compliance with regard to
chlorine safety legislation.
Unauthorised human access, illegal
substances thrown into reservoir.
Dead-end mains and low water flows
can led to stagnant water and loss of
residual chlorine (Koringberg, Riebeek
Wes and Riebeek Kasteel).
E-coli failures within distribution
networks.
Medium Risks



Groundwater may contain
health related chemicals as a
result of local geology (no
groundwater monitoring).
Safety Audit: Chlorine buildings
and rooms not on standard.
Safety Audit: Drum / Cylinder
storage not on standard.
High Risks








Safety Audit: Staff working with chlorine not
adequately trained (Respiratory equipment,
chlorine handling and first aid).
Safety Audit: Emergency procedures and
action plans not in place.
Safety Audit: Inadequate chlorine signage at
treatment facilities
Safety Audit: Proper offloading and moving
of equipment is not available.
Safety Audit: Dosing equipment not on
standard.
Safety Audit: First aid kit and safety
equipment (PPE) not in place.
Safety Audit: Personnel protective
equipment not in place (PPE).
Safety Audit: Leak detection and
contaminated air control equipment not in
place.
The control measures were considered not only for their longer-term average performance, but also in light of
their potential to fail or be ineffective over a short space of time. The significant risks that do not have controls
were identified as remaining significant risks. The completed assessment is included in Annexure AF.
The reduction in risk achieved by each control measure is an indication of its effectiveness. Any remaining
risks after all the control measures have been taken into account, and which the WSP team consider
unacceptable, were investigated in terms of additional corrective actions.
The risks were than prioritized in terms of their likely impact on the capacity of the system to deliver safe
water. High priority risks may require system modification or upgrade to achieve the water quality targets.
Low priority risks can often be minimized as part of routine good practice activities.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
31
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.2.4
IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN
An Improvement / Upgrade Plan was compiled for all the existing significant risks, where the existing controls
were not effective or absent. Each identified improvement was linked to one of the WSP Team members to
take responsibility for implementation together with an appropriate time frame for implementation of these
controls. Swartland Municipality’s Improvement / Upgrade Plan is included in Annexure AF.
1.2.4.1
Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Water Treatment Works
The raw water from the Perdeberg Dam is treated at the Paardenberg plant (Filtration and Disinfection). The
filtration consists of an automatic backwash rapid gravity sand filter and the disinfection is done with chlorine
gas. There are no short to medium term upgrading planned for the plant.
West Coast Bulk WTWs: The upgradings planned for the West Coast DM’s two bulk WTWs (Withoogte and
Swartland) are discussed in detail in their Water Safety Plan and the relevant Technical Reports. Below is a
short summary of the planned upgradings.
The existing capacity of the Withoogte WTW is 72 Ml/day. Variation in salinity of the raw water has resulted in
the WTW not being able to sustain capacity during periods of high salinity. It was recommended that the raw
water storage capacity at the WTW be increased to allow the bridging of these periods of occurrence of high
salinity. The extent of the required upgrading comprised the provision of a second identical raw water dam
with a capacity of 260 000 m³. The estimated cost of this required upgrading has been determined at R17.880
million (Vat Excluded).
The existing capacity of the Swartland WTW is 29 Ml/day. The most significant cost implications in the short
to medium term, with regard to the upgrading of the WTWs, are as follows:

Withoogte treatment capacity upgrade and / or desalination of sea water to increase the treated supply
volume. A total upgrade of 100 Ml/day is required over the planning horizon, and it was split into two
phases of 50 Ml/day each. The cost implication of each phase is R220 million, with the first phase
required in the very near future. The project could sensibly be split into more phases.

Swartland treatment capacity upgrade and / or alternative supply option /s. A total upgrade of 35 Ml/day
is required over the planning horizon and it was not split into phases. The cost implication of the work to
provide for the 2040 demand is R168 million, required in the very near future. The project could sensibly
be split into more phases.
Both treatment plant upgrades listed above are subject to water being available in the Berg River. Alternative
options have been investigated (i.e. desalination of sea water) and these could of course be implemented
instead of the master plan items serving the purpose of providing water into the water distribution system.
1.2.4.2
Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Distribution Systems
Swartland Municipality’s most recent Water Master Plan update was done during July 2008. The list of future
required works for Riebeek Wes, Riebeek Kasteel and Ongegund (PPC) was however updated during 2011.
A water distribution system pipe replacement study was also completed during April 2013.
Various parts of the reticulation systems, as identified through the Water Master Planning process, need to be
upgraded as new developments take place in the various urban areas. The operational staff of Swartland
Municipality indicated the following operational problems during the Water Master Planning process.

Abbotsdale: The supply to the Abbotsdale reservoir is insufficient due to low static conditions (New
Booster Pump Station was constructed).

Malmesbury: Faulty bulk meter readings (Various new bulk water meters were installed at reservoirs
during 2012/2013 with funding support from DWA, through their ACIP funding). Low pressures
during peak demand hours in Ilinge Lethu close to the Wesbank Reservoirs, Suikerbos Street and the
area close to the cemetery, Truter Street, Wagener Street and Percheron Street.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
32
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The pressures within the distribution systems of each of the towns were determined through the Water Master
Plans. The following table gives a summary of the pressures in the existing systems. (Fully occupied – Water
Master Plan, CES)
Table 1.2.4.2.1: Pressures in existing systems
Distribution System
Static Pressures
Residual Pressures
Moorreesburg
No areas where pressures exceed 90m.
Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to
90m range, except in the low cost residential area
where the pressures are as low as 20m.
Koringberg
No areas where pressures exceed 90m
Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to
90m range.
Malmesbury
No areas where pressures exceed 90m. One
PRV situated in the Panorama Reservoir
District.
There are a few areas which could experience low
residual pressures:
1) Higher lying areas in Wesbank which is
currently fed from the Wesbank reservoirs and
not the tower.
2) Small area in the central part of Malmesbury,
which is fed from the Kleindam reservoir.
Abbotsdale, Chatsworth,
Kalbaskraal, Riverlands
There are four PRVs in the system
Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to
90m range.
Riebeek Wes
No areas where pressures exceed 90m
Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to
90m range, except in the higher lying areas where
the pressures are as low as 20m.
Riebeek Kasteel
No areas where pressures exceed 90m. Three
PRVs in the system.
Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to
90m range.
Yzerfontein
No areas where pressures exceed 90m
Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to
90m range.
No areas where pressures exceed 90m.
Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to
90m range, except for the higher lying areas close
to the reservoir and in the low cost housing
development.
Darling
The table below gives an overview of the proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems, as
identified in the latest Water Master Plans (2008).
Table 1.2.4.2.2: Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan)
Moorreesburg
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes.
Reservoirs:
No additional capacity is required.
Proposed future system and required works:
The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the
additional future development areas, therefore no additional required works are proposed.
Koringberg
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes.
Reservoirs:
No additional capacity is required.
Proposed future system and required works:
The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the
additional future development areas, therefore no additional required works are proposed.
Malmesbury
Proposed distribution districts:
The Wesbank reservoir site and district will become the main source of supply for the potential future developments. The augmentation
of existing reservoirs or the implementing of reservoirs at new locations was investigated as part of the Master Plans, and with the
exception of the proposed Glen Lily and Wesbank HL reservoirs, it was decided that the preferred scenario would be to augment the
supply to the Wesbank Reservoirs and feed from there.
Reservoirs:
Various additional reservoirs were proposed, as included in Table 1.2.4.2.3
Proposed future system and required works:
1) Project MAW1: A new 3Ml reservoir at the existing Glen Lily reservoir, which belongs to the West Coast DM, is proposed to supply
the developments. A booster pump station with a separate booster sub-district is also proposed to supply the higher lying areas.
2) Project MAW2 includes the items to accommodate for the large amount of potential future developments in the Wesbank Reservoir
District. A new 400mm dia supply and a new 4Ml reservoir is proposed to augment the supply to this district. There are also a few
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
33
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.2.4.2.2: Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan)
PRVs proposed to control high static pressures in certain developments. A new booster pump station is proposed to supply the
higher lying areas in potential future development No.7. One of the major changes proposed to the existing operation of the
system is to implement items MAW 2.12 and MAW 2.13 which will result in the Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and
Chatsworth areas to be fed from the Wesbank Reservoir and not from the Kleindam Reservoir as is the case presently.
3) Project MAW3 is proposed to rezone the existing Panorama District boundaries and augment the supply to the Panorama reservoir
when capacity problems occur. It is proposed that the southern part of the Panorama Reservoir District, which includes the
industrial area, be incorporated into the Kleindam Reservoir District. Although a PRV is currently controlling the high pressures it
was decided to incorporate this area into the Kleindam Reservoir District, also because of the new 2Ml reservoir that was
constructed at the Kleindam Reservoir. This will result in lower water demands on the Panorama Reservoir District which might
currently experience capacity problems.
4) Project MAW4 includes the items to accommodate for potential future developments 34, 35, 36 and 37. A new 200mm dia supply
and a new 2Ml reservoir is proposed to supply this proposed reservoir district directly from the West Coast DM bulk supply pipes.
It is also recommended that a small area of Wesbank, currently experiencing low residual pressures, be incorporated into this
district.
5) Project MAW5 is recommended to alleviate existing low residual problems in the Wesbank area. This area is currently being fed
from the Wesbank reservoirs and it is proposed to incorporate this area into the Wesbank Tower District to alleviate these low
pressure problems.
6) Project MAW6 which includes only Item MAW6.1 is proposed to accommodate for potential future development 6.
Abbotsdale, Chatsworth, Kalbaskraal and Riverlands
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes.
Reservoirs:
The reservoir capacity in Abbotsdale will not be sufficient to accommodate for the potential future developments. An additional 0.5Ml
reservoir is proposed next to the existing reservoir. No additional capacity is required in the other areas.
Proposed future system and required works:
The existing water distribution system for Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth has sufficient capacity to supply the
future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the additional future development areas, therefore no additional required
works are proposed.
Riebeek Wes
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes
Reservoirs:
The reservoir capacity in Riebeek Wes is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.
Proposed future system and required works:
A new 160mm dia parallel reinforcement pipe is proposed in Hof Street to augment the supply to accommodate for the potential future
developments.
PPC
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes
Reservoirs:
The reservoir capacity in PPC is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.
Proposed future system and required works:
The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario,
therefore no additional required works are proposed.
Riebeek Kasteel
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes
Reservoirs:
The reservoir capacity in Riebeek Kasteel is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.
Proposed future system and required works:
The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the
additional future development areas, therefore no additional required works are proposed.
Yzerfontein
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes
Reservoirs:
The reservoir capacity in Yzerfontein is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.
Proposed future system and required works:
The existing Yzerfontein water distribution system doesn’t have sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully
occupied scenario and the additional future development areas, therefore a 200mm dia parallel reinforcement pipe is proposed to
accommodate for the potential future developments.
Darling
Proposed distribution districts:
No changes
Reservoirs:
The reservoir capacity in Darling is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
34
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.2.4.2.2: Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan)
Proposed future system and required works:
The existing distribution system does not have sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario,
therefore a 160mm dia parallel reinforcement pipe is proposed.
The future reservoir capacity requirements are summarised in the table below:
Table 1.2.4.2.3: Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Swartland Municipality’s distribution systems
AADD, incl. UAW
(kl/d)
Water District
(Reservoir zone)
Reservoir Capacity (kl)
Fully
Occupied
Existing
Future
Present
Capacity
(1)
Abbotsdale
273
457
260
Chatsworth
558
802
540
Kalbaskraal
264
264
1 655
Storage required for
Size of new
recommended
reservoir
Future
Fully
Occupied
Existing
Future
410
686
-150
-426
500
837
1 203
-297
-663
-
580
396
396
184
184
-
1 655
3 420
2 483
2 483
937
937
-
227
269
500
341
404
159
96
Kleindam
Old Golf Course
1 032
634
1 152
1 429
2 870
5 370
1 548
950
1 728
2 144
1 322
4 420
1 142
3 226
-
Panorama
2 892
2 108
5 300
4 338
3 162
962
2 138
1 000
Prison
1 076
1 076
2 120
1 614
1 615
506
505
Wesbank
1 639
8 049
9 440
2 459
12 074
6 981
-2 634
4.000
324
495
1 990
220
81
124
2 985
139
-
96
-2 985
3.000
Darling
Koringberg (2)
Wesbank Tower
Proposed Glen Lily
Proposed Wesbank HL
Fully
Occupied
Existing
Shortage (1)
(Minus is a shortage)
1 706
-
-1 706
2.000
2 780
1 137
3 065
8 160
4 170
4 598
3 990
3 562
-
Riebeek Kasteel
990
1 122
1 860
1 485
1 683
375
177
-
Riebeek Wes LL
510
732
1 500
765
1 098
735
402
-
Riebeek Wes HL
PPC
190
160
190
160
1 190
2 391
285
240
285
240
905
2 151
905
2 151
-
1 298
1 887
4 370
1 948
2 831
2 422
1 539
-
Moorreesburg
Yzerfontein
Notes: 1) The present reservoir capacities were confirmed with the Municipality and updated in the above table. The present and future
shortages were also recalculated, based on the confirmed present capacities.
2) 0.230 Ml of the West Coast District Municipality included.
The future pump station requirements are summarised in the table below:
Table 1.2.4.2.4: Future pump stations requirements for Swartland Municipality’s distribution systems
Pumps
Existing Capacity
Future Capacity
(l/s)
(l/s)
Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth
Chatsworth reservoir supply
Head (m)
15
18
120
11.5
11.5
20
Kalbaskraal Riverlands Supply
15
18
30
Proposed Abbotsdale Booster
N/A
6.5
25
Wesbank Tower Supply
13
22
20
Mount Royal Booster PS
3
3
20
Panorama Booster PS No.1
10
10
20
Panorama Booster PS No.2
13
13
25
Glen Lily Booster PS
Proposed Booster FDA MAL7
5
N/A
5
45
40
40
N/A
27
25
9
9
45
Kalbaskraal Booster PS
Malmesbury
Proposed Glen Lily Booster
Riebeek Wes
Riebeek Wes HL Reservoir Supply
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
35
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
West Coast Bulk Distribution Systems
GLS was appointed in 2009 to update the master plan of the bulk water distribution systems for the West
Coast District Municipality, following a previous study in 2005.
The analysis of the Withoogte system showed no areas of particular concern (existing system). Residual
pressures in the existing system under peak hour demand conditions are acceptable. There are also no pipes
with velocities exceeding 2 m/s in the system.
The analysis of the Swartland system also showed no areas of particular concern (existing system). Residual
pressures in the existing system under peak hour demand conditions are acceptable. The only low pressures
occur in the parallel pipelines between Malmesbury and Darling if the Darling and Yzerfontein pump stations
are in operation simultaneously and have a combined flow-rate of more than 100 l/s. The flow velocities are
relatively high (exceeding 1 m/s) in the supply line from Swartland to Kasteelberg, but at this stage it is not a
concern.
The main distribution point would remain at Besaansklip reservoir, no matter where the water is sourced from
(e.g. the Berg River or Desalination plant near the coast) in the future. If all the additional water needed for
2040 were to be supplied from the Berg River (it is highly unlikely that there would be enough) the main supply
line from Withoogte to Besaansklip would provide the estimated 2040 peak day flow rate at just over 2 m/s.
Any water supplied from the west (e.g. sea) to Besaansklip would of course relieve the stress (reduced flow
velocity) on the main supply pipe from Withoogte.
The critical consideration in sourcing “new water” and minimising infrastructure upgrades is that any additional
water sourced should be supplied into the system at Besaansklip reservoir, from where the master plan items
would make provision for further distribution. Any other entry point to the system would entail significant
infrastructure upgrades.
The system requires substantial upgrades to meet the 2040 demand, but the cost is mainly ascribed to the
upgrade of both Withoogte and Swartland WTWs, contributing respectively R440M and R168M to the total
capital expenditure of R1264M over the next 30-year period. Excluding the two WTWs the required capital on
system elements amounts to R656M, or about R22M per year for the next 30 years.
Substantial upgrades would be required to meet additional demand after 2040. The items that at that stage
would have reached their maximum capacity include the following:

Misverstand rising main;

The Withoogte Besaansklip gravity main;

Swartland rising main (despite the provision of a parallel rising main and pump upgrade in 2015 as part of
this master plan);

Main pumps at Misverstand and Swartland, despite upgrades as per the master plan.
The raw water storage capacity at the Withoogte WTW is insufficient in terms of storage in the case of a
power outage and settling period in the case of poor raw water quality from the Misverstand dam, which was
experienced more frequently over the last few years.
The most significant cost implications in the short to medium term include:

Projects where the implementation or planning is currently under way (Glen Lily reservoir, Vergeleë
reservoir and parallel pipes up- and downstream of Swavelberg PS).

Desalination of sea water to increase the treated supply volume to the Withoogte System, the first
8.5 Ml/d phase is to be completed by 2014.

Besaansklip reservoir upgrade to provide an additional 60 Ml of storage, to act as a first of two identical
phases required over the planning horizon. The cost of each phase is R67M. The first phase is required
immediately.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
36
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

Parallel reinforcement to a section of the pipeline from Glen Lily reservoir towards Darling is required
immediately to supply the current demand to Darling and Yzerfontein.
The future reservoir capacity requirements for the West Coast bulk distribution systems are summarised in the
table below:
Table 1.2.4.2.1.1: Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution systems
AADD, incl. UAW
(kl/d)
Zone or town
Fully
Occupied
Existing
Reservoir Capacity (kl)
Storage required for
Future
Present
Capacity
Shortage
(Minus is a surplus)
Existing
(2010)
Ultimate
Future
(2040)
Fully
Occupied
Existing
Year when
storage
becomes
insufficient
Future
Kasteelberg
2 365
7 213
18 000
4 731
14 425
-13 269
-3 575
> 2040
Glen Lily
Glen Lily (after adding
25 Ml in 2010)
11 410
34 217
16 000
22 819
68 434
6 819
52 434
2010
11 410
34 217
41 000
22 819
68 434
-18 181
27 434
2022
Withoogte
Clean Water
3 228
6 489
22 500
6 457
12 978
-16 043
-9 522
> 2040
Besaansklip
30 157
94 712
69 000
60 314
189 425
-8 686
120 425
2011
Vergeleë
10 159
29 824
16 000
20 319
59 648
4 319
43 648
2010
10 159
29 824
31 000
20 319
59 648
-10 681
28 648
2018
Vergeleë (after adding
15 Ml in 2010)
Byeneskop
224
665
750
448
1 330
-302
580
2020
Wildschutsvlei
balancing tank
-
-
300
-
-
-
-
-
Withoogte Raw Water
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes: 1) All reservoir capacity based on 48 hours of AADD
2) The estimate of year when reservoir storage is required is based on linear interpolation between 2010 and 2040 and not on
actual demand estimates.
The future pump station requirements for the West Coast bulk distribution systems are summarised in the
table below:
Table 1.2.4.2.1.2: Future pump station requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution systems
Name
(Town / Zone)
Capacity of pumps
Location / Description
2010
2040
Flow (l/s) Head (m) Power (kW)
Flow (l/s) Head (m)
Power (kW)
S: Darling PS
Darling booster pumps
47
75
49
47
75
49
S: Swavelberg PS
Booster pump – supply to
Rustfontein
302
40
169
490
120
822
-
-
-
350
50
245
302
40
169
490
60
411
-
-
-
350
50
245
480
220
1 475
730
260
2 652
69
88
-
69
88
85
S: Swavelberg PS
S: Rustfontein PS
S: Rustfontein PS
S: Swartland PS
Upgrade of Swavelberg
PS
Booster pump – Supply to
Glen Lily reservoirs
Upgrade of Swavelberg
PS
Pumps at Swartland
WTW
S: Swartland PS to Gouda
Booster pump – Supply to
Yzerfontein
Not Included
W: Misverstand PS
Pumps at Misverstand
W: Velddrif PS
Booster pump – Supply to
Dwarskersbos
W: Withoogte Byeneskop
W: SOWG Boorgatpompe
W: Vredenburg PS
S: Yzerfontein PS
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 583
190
4 202
2 023
190
5 370
12
74
12
50
60
42
Not included
Not included
-
-
-
-
-
-
Various – Not included
(SB Municipality)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes: 1) Pump capacities have to be verified by the West Coast DM: Master Plan results are based on information in this table
2) Modelled pump power output calculated at 70% efficiency
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
37
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Health and hygiene at communal standpipes: As previously mentioned some of the households in Chatsworth
and Riverlands still make use of communal services. It is of utmost importance that the communal standpipes
within the Local Municipality’s Management Areas are properly maintained, to promote better health and
hygiene among users. It is necessary for Swartland Municipality to:

keep the standpipe area clean and free from stagnant water;

avoid water spillage by keeping the tap closed when not in use;

report and rectify leakages immediately;

keep straying animals away from standpipe area; and

keep the tap outlet, standpipe slab and soak away clean.
Promote health and hygiene awareness amongst standpipe users by focusing on the following:

users must use the standpipe only for the filling of containers;

no body or clothes washing is allowed at standpipes;

no house pipes or other objects may be attached to the standpipes;

use clean containers and close containers with a suitable lid when transporting water;

disinfect containers when necessary; and

immediately report any irregularities, contamination, tampering or vandalism at standpipes.
The future water capital projects of Swartland Municipality are included in the Improvement / Upgrade Plan.
The Improvement / Upgrade Plan should be monitored to confirm improvements have been made and are
effective and that the WSP has been updated accordingly. It should also be taken into consideration that the
introduction of new controls could introduce new risks to the system.
1.2.5
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WATER SAFETY PLAN
Having a formal process for verification and auditing of the WSP ensures that it is working properly.
Verification involves three activities which are undertaken together to provide evidence that the WSP is
working effectively. These are:

Compliance Monitoring;

Internal and external auditing of operational activities;

Consumer satisfaction.
Verification should provide the evidence that the overall system design and operation is capable of
consistently delivering water of the specified quality to meet the health-based targets. If it does not, the
Upgrade / Improvement Plan should be revised and implemented.
Verification may be undertaken by Swartland Municipality, an independent authority (for example DWA) or by
a combination of these. Operational audit should include the systematic review of operational procedures and
documentation to ensure that the WSP is working. During the audit, operational records of all treatment
processes and distribution system maintenance should be reviewed to assess whether they exhibit the
requirements for each component of the system. In addition, spot checks in the field should be carried out. A
key element of the audit process is to identify when monitoring results show deviation from critical limits and
what operational shortcomings may have been the cause. The audit should identify shortcomings in the
overall WSP and identify modifications and improvements required for the WSP.
Comprehensive Operational and Compliance Sampling Programmes are implemented by the West Coast DM
for their two WTWs and bulk distribution systems, in order to ensure that the bulk potable water delivered to
Swartland Municipality comply with SANS0241:2011 requirements. Swartland Municipality however also take
their own Microbiological Samples at various points throughout the distribution networks, as an additional
control measure. The Swartland Municipality’s samples are tested at the National Health Laboratory Service
in Green Point.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
38
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The arrangement between the West Coast DM, Swartland Municipality and the National Health Laboratory
Service allows for routine reporting of results to the Municipality with appropriate corrective actions for failing
results. The West Coast DM load their compliance sampling results onto DWA’s BDS and the percentage
compliance of the water quality samples taken over the last twelve months (January 2012 to December 2012)
can be taken from the BDS. The compliance percentage per parameter for the various distribution systems
are however also included in Annexure C. The SANS:241:2011 Compliance Monitoring Parameters are also
included in Annexure C for easy reference.
The SANS:241 Drinking water specification is the definitive reference on acceptable limits for drinking water
quality parameters in South Africa and provides limits for a range of water quality characteristics. In essence,
drinking water quality should pose no health risk, and should satisfy SANS:241 limits for specified time
frames.
In addition to analysis of the water quality, verification should include an audit of the WSP and of the
operational practice to show good practice and compliance. Auditors will identify opportunities for
improvement such as areas where procedures are not being followed properly, resources are insufficient,
planned improvements are impractical, or where training or motivational support is required for staff. The
Annual Process Audit is further discussed under Section 5.1.
1.2.6
SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES
Many actions are important in ensuring drinking water safety but do not directly affect drinking water quality
and are therefore not control measures. These are referred to as supporting programmes and should be
documented in a WSP. Supporting programmes may entail activities that indirectly support water safety, for
example those that lead to the optimization of processes, like improving quality control in a laboratory.
Examples of other activities include continuing education courses, calibration of equipment, preventive
maintenance, hygiene and sanitation, as well as legal aspects such as a programme for understanding the
organization’s compliance obligations.
Supporting programmes are activities that ensure the operating environment, equipment used and the people
themselves do not become an additional source of potential hazards to the drinking water supply. The
existing Supporting programmes of Swartland Municipality are as follows:

Service Delivery Agreement between the West Coast DM and Saldanha Bay Municipality, Swartland
Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality. The establishment of a Monitoring Committee with the
following powers and functions:

To co-ordinate integrated development planning in respect of the services;

To monitor the performance of the District Municipality in respect of service levels;

To monitor the implementation of this agreement;

To provide a forum for the local municipalities to interact with the District Municipality;





To accept delivery, on behalf of the Local Municipalities, of reports which the District Municipality is
required to produce in terms of this agreement;
To consider and make recommendations to the District Municipality on the District Municipality’s high
level budget and key performance indicators and targets;
In consultation with the District Municipality, to handle, manage and make recommendations to the
parties in respect of any matter related to the services which is not dealt with by this agreement;
To ensure that the expenses incurred by the District Municipality in respect of the services do not
exceed the amount allocated therefore in the District Municipality’s annual budget;
To formulate a written document that records the rules and procedures, which will be binding on itself,
regulating the manner and legislative obligations, powers and functions to the Monitoring Committee.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
39
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Quality of supply and service: The obligations on the West Coast DM are to deliver the services to
particular standards of supply and service and to report on the extent of its compliance with those
standards. Accordingly the West Coast DM must comply with the standards of supply and service,
including reporting obligations relating to those standards; and provide the Local Municipalities with a
report in relation to those standards on a three (3) monthly basis, or at such other intervals as may be
agreed by the parties in writing.

Supply Chain Management Procedures
Specific procedures exist for the purchasing of chemicals / materials and ensuring adequate quality.

Security Measures
Swartland Municipality ensures strict control (Limit access) of people at their sources, filtration plant,
disinfection plants and close to reservoirs and pump stations. This includes the implementation of
appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorised access (Alarm systems, locked gates, fences
etc.).

Training of Personnel
Workplace Skills Plan is compiled every year and the specific training needs of the personnel, with regard
to water quality and water safety, are determined annually. Examples of relevant areas to address
include general water quality, and specific training to optimise system performance such as:

Proper filter operation;

Disinfection system operation;

Reticulation management;

Sampling, monitoring and analysis;

Interpretation and recording of results, and

Maintenance of equipment.
Employees should also be trained in other aspects of WQM including incident and emergency response,
documentation and reporting.

Water Services By-laws
Water services by-laws are in place. The by-laws give effect to the policies of Swartland Municipality.
The Constitution and the Municipal Systems Act recognise by-laws as the only instrument through which
a Municipality exercises its legislative authority.
Codes of good operating, management and hygienic practice are essential elements of supporting
programmes. The codes in place at Swartland Municipality include the following:

Training and competence of personnel involved in water supply. The qualifications of the existing
operational personnel are included in Annexure E. On-going training is provided to these personnel as
courses with regard to water quality and water safety becomes available.

Tools for managing the actions of staff such as quality assurance systems.

Securing stakeholder commitment at all levels to the provision of safe water and education of
communities whose activities influence water quality.

Calibration and monitoring of equipment. Supervisors at disinfection plants ensure that equipment used
for chlorine dosage are properly calibrated and monitor the equipment.

Record keeping. The current information recorded is included in Annexure AJ.
Comparison of supporting programmes with those of others through peer review, benchmarking and
personnel or document exchange can encourage ideas for improved practice.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
40
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.2.7
ESTABLISH DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES
If document updates are prepared as information becomes available, it reduces the amount of updating
required at the end of the year and will allow Swartland Municipality to receive more up-to-date progress
reports for their own planning services.
Documentation of Swartland Municipality’s WSP includes:

Description and assessment of existing drinking water distribution systems, including programmes to
upgrade existing water delivery.

A plan for operational monitoring and verification of drinking water system.

Description of supporting programmes.

Water and safety management procedures for normal operation and incident / emergency situations
(including communication plans).
Communication strategies of Swartland Municipality include the following:

Procedures for promptly advising of any significant incidents within the drinking water supply including
notification of the public health authority (Section 1.5 and Annexure AI).

Summary information to be available to consumers, e.g. through the media, annual reports and on the
internet (Water Quality Results are included in the WSDP and the Water Services Audit Reports of
Swartland Municipality). See also Section 4.2.

Establishment of mechanisms to receive and actively address community complaints in a timely fashion
(Works Order System, with a Customer Service Centre).
1.2.8
REVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WSP
The WSP Team of Swartland Municipality is committed to meet regularly to review all aspects of the WSP to
ensure that they are still accurate. Operational monitoring results and trends will be assessed. In addition to
the regular three year review, the WSP will also be reviewed when, for example, a new water source is
developed, major treatment improvements are planned and brought into use, or after a major water quality
incident. The table below gives a summary of the review processes of the WSP.
Table 1.2.8.1: Review Schedule for Water Safety Plan
Document
First Draft
1.3
Date
June 2012
Review Period
January 2012 to December 2012
Reason for review
-
RISK BASED MONITORING PROGRAMMES
Monitoring is the act of conducting a planned series of observations or measurements of operational and / or
critical limits to assess whether the components of the water supply are operating properly. The first process
is checking the water quality during the operational processes including abstraction, treatment and
distribution. The second process is checking that the water delivered complies with the quality standards as
set by government regulations.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
41
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
A significant limitation of an approach that focuses on compliance monitoring only is that it promotes reactive
management, rather than proactive preventative management, as corrective actions are initiated only after
drinking water quality monitoring indicates that guideline values have been exceeded. Other limitations of a
compliance monitoring approach to protecting public health include that:

It is neither technically nor economically feasible to monitor every possible chemical, physical and
microbiological parameter. Furthermore, indicator organisms such as E.Coli do not always correlate well
with risks for viruses and protozoa, and

Contamination can occur between sampling events and be missed by the monitoring programme.
1.3.1 OPERATIONAL MONITORING
The objectives of operational monitoring are for Swartland Municipality to monitor each control measure in a
timely manner to enable effective system management and to ensure that health-based targets are achieved.
It also ensures that all the risks identified during the risk assessment process are adequately monitored and
that the drinking water quality requirements as set out in SANS:241 are fully complied with. Appropriate data
capturing and record keeping systems are in place to satisfy the requirements of the Water Services Act.
1.3.1.1 Routine Monitoring of Process Indicators (Monitoring Activity 1)
Operational monitoring of process indicators shall comply with the minimum requirement specified in
SANS 241:2011 for characterising raw water quality, on-going levels of operational efficiency in a water
treatment system and acceptable final water quality to the point of delivery, as summarised in Table 1.3.1.1
below.
Table 1.3.1.1.1:Minimum monitoring frequency for process indicators (SANS241-2:2011: Table 1)
Determinand
Intake Water
Final Water
Distribution System
Conductivity or total dissolved solids
Daily
Daily
-
pH value
Daily
Once per shift a
Fortnightly
Daily
Once per shift a
Fortnightly
Not applicable
Once per shift a
Fortnightly
Not applicable
Weekly
Fortnightly but dependent
on population served d
Heterotrophic plate count c
Not applicable
Weekly
Fortnightly
Treatment chemicals
Not applicable
Weekly
Fortnightly
Turbidity
Disinfectant residuals
b
E.Coli (or faecal coliforms)
c
a:
A shift is defined as an eight-hour work period.
b:
Disinfection shall be sustained at a value defined by the water services institution and water services intermediary throughout the
distribution system such that the water services institution and water services intermediary ensure that all microbiological
indicators listed in SANS 241-1:2011, table 1, are achieved on a continuous basis.
c:
If non-compliant with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1, implement corrective action and instigate immediate follow-up
sampling at an increased sampling frequency.
These requirements may be relaxed to a monthly frequency for groundwater supply systems (due to the
reduced variability of groundwater quality), provided that no health-related determinands are detected at levels
exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1 during the risk assessment.
The minimum microbiological monitoring frequency (for E.Coli or faecal coliforms) within the distribution
system shall comply with the requirements set out in Table 1.3.1.1.2 (from SANS 241:2011), provided that the
Water Services Institution is able to provide appropriate assurance that the water complies with the numerical
limits specified in SANS 241-1. The frequency of sampling in distribution networks should, however, also be
dictated by the size and nature of the distribution network, variability of determinand results, as well as by the
incidence pattern of consumer complaints (SANS 241:2011).
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
42
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.3.1.1.2: Minimum sample numbers for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in distribution systems (SANS 241-2:2011: Table 2)
Total number of samples per month a - Minimum
Population Served
< 5 000
2
5 000 – 100 000
1 per 5 000 head of population
100 000 – 500 000
1 per 10 000 head of population
> 500 000
1 per 20 000 head of population
a:
During a rainy season, sampling should be carried out more frequently to ensure that all spatial and temporal risks are apparent
The parameters selected by Swartland Municipality for operational monitoring should ensure the following:

reflect the effectiveness of each control measure;

provide a timely indication of performance;

are readily measured; and

provide opportunity for an appropriate response.
A comprehensive Operational Sampling programme is implemented by the West Coast District Municipality at
their two bulk WTWs. The sample programme is available on the BDS. The water quality results from
operational monitoring are used as a trigger for immediate short – term corrective action to operational
procedures, to improve drinking water quality. The current samples taken by the West Coast District
Municipality and Swartland Municipality, over and above the existing Operational Sampling programme at the
bulk WTWs, are summarised in the table below.
Table 1.3.1.1.3:
System
Current parameters sampled by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality: Routine
monitoring of Process Indicators
Current Parameters Sampled
(Number of samples and frequency)
Sampling Point
Additional Proposed Parameters,
(Number of samples and frequency)
-
pH Daily
-
Conductivity Daily
-
Turbidity Daily
-
pH Daily
-
Conductivity Morning and Afternoon
-
Turbidity Morning and Afternoon
-
E.Coli Weekly
Distribution Systems
E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (3
Sample points, Three Monthly)
pH, Turbidity, Free Chlorine, Total
Coliform Count and E.Coli (4 Samples,
Monthly). 2 Sample points in Abbotsdale /
Kalbaskraal and 2 sample points for
Riverlands / Chatsworth
Moorreesburg
Distribution System
E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (2
Sample points, Monthly)
Adequately covered by the sampling done
at the Withoogte WTW (West Coast
District Municipality)
Koringberg
Distribution System
pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine,
Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1
Sample point, Fortnightly)
Malmesbury
Distribution System
pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine,
Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1
Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (Further 3
Sample point, Fortnightly)
Samples, Monthly)
Riebeek Wes
Distribution System
E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (1
Sample point, Monthly)
Adequately covered by the sampling done
at the Swartland WTW (West Coast
District Municipality)
Riebeek Kasteel
Distribution System
E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (1
Sample point, Monthly)
Adequately covered by the sampling done
at the Swartland WTW (West Coast
District Municipality)
Yzerfontein
Distribution System
pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine,
Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1
Sample point, Fortnightly)
Darling
Distribution System
pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine,
Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1
Sample point, Fortnightly)
Intake Paardenberg
Abbotsdale,
Kalbaskraal,
Riverlands,
Chatsworth
Final Water Paardenberg
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
43
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The number of current and required sampling for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in the distribution systems of
Swartland Municipality are summarised in the table below:
Table 1.3.1.1.4: Current and required sampling for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in the distribution systems
Distribution
System
Population
served
Required number of monthly samples
(SANS 241-2:2011: Table 2)
See also Table 1.3.1.1.2.
Current microbiological samples taken by
Swartland Municipality (SM) and the West
Coast District Municipality (WC DM)
Withoogte Bulk System
Moorreesburg
12 877
Koringberg
1 214
2.6
2 Sampling points, monthly (SM) and 1 Sampling
point monthly at Withoogte WTW (WC DM)
2
1 Sampling point fortnightly (WC DM)
Swartland Bulk System
Malmesbury
35 897
7
1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 Sampling
point fortnightly (WC DM)
Riebeek Wes
4 605
2.1
1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 sampling
point monthly at Swartland WTW (WC DM)
Riebeek Kasteel
4 761
2
1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 sampling
point monthly at Swartland WTW (WC DM)
Yzerfontein
1 140
2
1 Sampling point fortnightly (WC DM)
2.1
1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 Sampling
point fortnightly (WC DM)
Darling
10 420
Abbotsdale
3 762
2
Kalbaskraal
2 411
2
-
Riverlands
1 726
2
1 Sampling point, three monthly (SM)
Chatsworth
2 326
2
1 Sampling point, three monthly (SM)
Swartland Bulk System, Perdeberg Dam and Three Riverlands Boreholes
1 Sampling point, three monthly (SM)
The Manager Trade Services (Ms Steenkamp) oversees the water quality results. Results of the analyses are
submitted to Ms Steenkamp, who takes immediate action to rectify problems and / or improve operational
aspects as and when may be required (Implementation of Emergency protocols). For serious failures an
Incident Response Management Protocol is followed to ensure rapid remedying of the problems, which
includes notification to DWA as may be necessary.
Examples of preventative and corrective actions for which operational procedures should be documented
include the following:

Selection of an alternative raw water source if available (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and
Chatsworth);

Altering receiving flow rate (manage to ensure ability to supply demand);

Varying disinfection feed rates and feed points;

Adjusting filtration loading rate and / or operation;

Adjusting the frequency and manner of backwashing cycles of the filters;

Implementation of a filter evaluation and maintenance programme;

Increasing disinfectant dose; secondary / booster disinfection;

Mains flushing, cleaning and localised disinfection, and

Developing standard operating procedures for handling leakages and pipe breakages.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
44
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.3.1.2 Follow-up monitoring on the Water Quality Risk Assessment (Monitoring Activity 2)
The purpose of a Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment is to obtain an overview of the ability of Water
Services Institutions to meet the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1 on a sustained basis. Pending the
nature of any hazards / risks identified, adequate monitoring of the identified hazards / risks needs to be
maintained while the Water Services Institutions also puts in place the necessary corrective and verification
measures. This is not a once-off process since the nature of risks could very as social, economic and
environmental activities are subject to constant change. It is therefore required under the Blue Drop
Certification Programme that a Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment is done on an annual basis;
requiring that Monitoring Programmes would require amendment as informed by the Water Safety Planning
Process.
The Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment plan should therefore include at least one full SANS 241
analysis per year and if any changes in the environment or process or delivery (or all) occur, at least monthly
drinking water quality monitoring from source, through treatment and distribution, to the end user. The
outcome of the risk assessment and the objectives of the monitoring programmes should further influence the
design and implementation of the monitoring programmes.
SANS 241:2011 specifies that Monitoring Activity 2 requires additional monitoring of all determinands
identified in the risk assessment that do not comply with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1. To
ensure optimised functioning of infrastructure, determinands detected in the raw and final water that exceed
the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1, shall be monitored at the frequencies indicated in
Table 1.3.1.2.1 below.
Table 1.3.1.2.1:
Risk
Frequency of analysis for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical
limits in SANS 241-1 (SANS 241-2:2011: Table 3)
Frequency
Acute Health - 1
Weekly
Acute Health - 2
Monthly
Chronic Health
Monthly
Aesthetic
Monthly
Operational
Weekly
Infrastructure Optimisation
Infrastructure Change
Ensure optimised functioning
of infrastructure
If problem is not resolved,
obtain necessary infrastructure
Risk-based monitoring for all determinands included under Monitoring Activity 2 is required to continue until
the Water Services Institution can provide evidence that the risk posed by the identified determinand has
reduced to an acceptable level.
The Drinking Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment may be interpreted as follows:

If the determinand exceeds the numerical limit specified in SANS 241-1 in both the raw and final water:
existing treatment infrastructure is not capable of removing the determinand.

If the determinand exceeding the numerical limit in the raw water is removed to the extent that it complies
with SANS 241-1 in the final water: installed infrastructure is adequate to address the problem.

If both raw and final water comply with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1: risks are deemed
negligible.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
45
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified during the risk
assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011 for the period January 2012 to
December 2012 (See Section 3) are as follows:
Table 1.3.1.2.2:
Additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified during the risk
assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011 (January 2012 – December 2012)
Performance Indicator
Performance Indicator that
was categorised as
unacceptable
Yes / No
(Table 4 of SANS 241-2:2011)
Number
of
Samples
% Sample
Compliance
Frequency of
Additional
Monitoring
due to failure
Withoogte Final
Acute Health – 1 Chemical
No (Excellent)
3
100%
N/A
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
23
100%
N/A
Chronic Health
No (Excellent)
37
100%
N/A
Aesthetic
No (Excellent)
70
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
65
100%
N/A
No (Good)
73
94.5%
N/A
No (Good)
22
95.5%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
22
95.5%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
No (Excellent)
22
100%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
Moorreesburg
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
Koringberg
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
24
100%
N/A
Chronic Health
No (Excellent)
24
100%
N/A
Aesthetic
No (Excellent)
48
100%
N/A
No (Excellent)
48
100%
N/A
72
84.7%
Weekly
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
Operational Efficiency
Yes (Unacceptable), Turbidity
Swartland Final
Acute Health – 1 Chemical
No (Excellent)
3
100%
N/A
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
24
100%
N/A
Chronic Health
No (Excellent)
37
100%
N/A
Aesthetic
No (Excellent)
69
98.6%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
66
100%
N/A
Yes (Good)
76
92.1%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
Malmesbury
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
36
100%
N/A
Chronic Health
No (Excellent)
24
100%
N/A
Aesthetic
No (Excellent)
48
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
60
100%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
No (Excellent)
84
95.2%
N/A
Riebeek Wes
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Riebeek Kasteel
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
8
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
8
100%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
No (Excellent)
8
100%
N/A
Yzerfontein
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
24
100%
N/A
Chronic Health
No (Excellent)
24
100%
N/A
Aesthetic
No (Excellent)
48
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
48
100%
N/A
72
72.2%
Weekly
Operational Efficiency
Yes (Unacceptable), pH and
Turbidity
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
46
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.3.1.2.2:
Additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified during the risk
assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011 (January 2012 – December 2012)
Performance Indicator
Performance Indicator that
was categorised as
unacceptable
Yes / No
(Table 4 of SANS 241-2:2011)
Number
of
Samples
% Sample
Compliance
Frequency of
Additional
Monitoring
due to failure
Darling
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
36
100%
N/A
Chronic Health
No (Excellent)
24
100%
N/A
Aesthetic
No (Excellent)
48
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
60
100%
N/A
Yes (Unacceptable), Turbidity
84
89.3%
Weekly
Operational Efficiency
Riverlands
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Abbotsdale
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
No (Excellent)
4
100%
N/A
Operational Efficiency
Yes (Unacceptable), Total
Coliforms
4
50%
Weekly
Acute Health – 1 Microbiological
Yes (Unacceptable), Total
Coliforms and E.Coli
3
66.7%
Weekly
Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic)
Yes (Unacceptable), Total
Coliforms and E.Coli
3
66.7%
Weekly
Operational Efficiency
Yes (Unacceptable), Total
Coliforms and E.Coli
3
66.7%
Weekly
Chatsworth
The table below gives an overview of the five categories under which the risks posed by micro-organism,
physical or aesthetic property or chemical substance of potable water is normally classified.
Table 1.3.1.2.3:
Five categories under which the risks posed by micro-organism, physical or aesthetic property or chemical
substance of potable water is normally classified
Category
Risk
Acute Health - 1
Routinely quantifiable determinand that poses an immediate unacceptable health risk if consumed with
water at concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in SANS 241.
Acute Health - 2
Determinand that is presently not easily quantifiable and lacks information pertaining to viability and human
infectivity which, however, does pose immediate unacceptable health risks if consumed with water at
concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in SANS 241.
Aesthetic
Determinand that taints water with respect to taste, odour and colour and that does not pose an
unacceptable health risk if present at concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in
SANS 241.
Chronic Health
Determinand that poses an unacceptable health risk if ingested over an extended period if present at
concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in SANS 241.
Operational
Determinand that is essential for assessing the efficient operation of treatment systems and risks from
infrastructure
It is also important to note that all operational manuals of treatment unit processes such as chemical dosing,
coagulation sedimentation, filtration, disinfection etc. should contain operational limits, monitoring
programmes, verification procedures and pre-determined corrective actions.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
47
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.3.2 COMPLIANCE MONITORING
All compliance sampling is done by the West Coast District Municipality and the results are loaded onto
DWA’s BDS. The Compliance Monitoring Programme of the West Coast District Municipality meets the
requirements of DWA. The Compliance Monitoring Programme of the West Coast District Municipality is also
available on the BDS. Compliance monitoring is the final check to ensure that the water delivered is safe to
consume. The Swartland Municipality however also take some additional microbiological samples (Total
Coliforms and E.Coli) at various points throughout the distribution network, which is tested at the National
Health Laboratory Service in Green Point.

Monthly compliance sampling is done at the West Coast District Municipality’s Laboratory at the
Withoogte WTW for the various distribution systems.

The Chemical Technician (Mr G Titus) of the West Coast District Municipality informs the Manager Water
and the Superintendent Water (Messrs Faasen and Van der Merwe) immediately of any problems in
terms of SANS:241 compliance once the test results are available, so that emergency protocols can be
implemented, which include notifying Swartland Municipality if necessary.

The Chemical Technician ensures delivery of samples to the laboratory as soon as possible to ensure
analysis within allowed time period.

Analyse for at least SANS 241 minimum requirements, which include the parameters as indicated on the
Water Quality Sampling Results in Annexure C.

Bacteriological results are made available within 3 days (maximum).

Physical and chemical results are made available within 1 – 2 days (maximum).
Corrective actions were identified for each control measure and need to be adhered to as soon as critical
limits have been exceeded. The corrective actions are an important component of the management aspects
of the WSP and should be effective in restoring performance to acceptable levels when critical limits are
exceeded.
Corrective actions must be supported by a contingency plan. This plan is a detailed management response to
failures and will identify individual responsibilities and a time constraint for remedy (Section 1.5). The
corrective actions identified by the WSP Team also include long term actions designed to prevent noncompliance and reduce the need for contingency plans to be re-actioned.
Monitoring data provide important feedback on how the water supply system is working and should be
frequently assessed. Regularly assessed monitoring records are a necessary element of the WSP as they
can be reviewed, through external and internal audit, to identify whether the controls are adequate and also to
demonstrate adherence of the water system to the water quality targets. The strategies and procedures for
monitoring the various aspects of the water supply system should be documented.
Monitoring plans should include the following:

Parameters to be monitored.
Operational Monitoring: Parameters indicated on WTW flow diagrams in Annexure AB for the two West
Coast District Municipality’s bulk WTWs.
Compliance Monitoring: Parameters as included in the water quality sample results in Annexure C.

Sampling location and frequency
Operational Monitoring: Location and frequency of samples indicated on the West Coast District
Municipality’s WTW flow diagrams in Annexure AB.
Compliance Monitoring: Location and frequency of samples included in the water quality sample results
in Annexure C. The information is also included in the West Coast District Municipality’s Sampling
Programme, as included in Annexure AG.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
48
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

Sampling needs and equipment
Operational Monitoring: The West Coast District Municipality’s Superintendent Water and the Chemical
Technician ensure that adequate equipment is available at the WTWs for the operational monitoring.
Compliance Monitoring: The list of equipment and techniques used is summarised under Section 1.3.3.

Schedules for sampling
Operational Monitoring:
Annexure AG.
Existing schedules of the West Coast District Municipality are included in
Compliance Monitoring: Existing schedules of the West Coast District Municipality are included in
Annexure AG.

Methods for quality assurance and validation of sampling results.
Operational Monitoring: The Chemical Technician of the West Coast District Municipality ensures that
the correct techniques are used for the operational sampling and that the laboratory equipment is
properly calibrated.
Compliance Monitoring: The West Coast District Municipality’s laboratory participates in the Proficiency
Testing programme (inter-laboratory study) and submits samples on a regular basis to the programme
(SABS for chemical samples).

Responsibilities and necessary qualifications of staff.
Operational Monitoring: The Superintendent Water of the West Coast District Municipality is responsible
for the operation of the plants and for the taking of the necessary samples. The Supervisors and
personnel at the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs and their qualifications are included in the table
in Annexure E.
Compliance Monitoring: The sampling is done by the West Coast District Municipality’s Laboratory and
some of the sampling is also sourced out to accredited external Laboratories (See list included under
Section 1.4.1)

Requirements for documentation and management of records including how monitoring of
results will be recorded and stored.
Operational Monitoring: The West Coast District Municipality’s records are currently documented and
managed at each of the WTWs and then it is given through to the Superintendent Water who record and
store the data at the Withoogte WTW. The Swartland Municipality’s own records of the chlorine dosing at
the two disinfection plants are recorded and stored at the two disinfection plants.
Compliance Monitoring: The Sampling done at external Laboratories by the West Coast District
Municipality is given through to the Chemical Technician (Mr Garnet Titus) at the Withoogte WTW, who
store and record the data and also load the data onto the BDS.

Requirements for reporting and communication of results.
Operational Monitoring: Records of the West Coast District Municipality are reported and communicated
to the Superintendent Water and the Chemical Technician by the various WTW’s Supervisors.
Compliance Monitoring: Results are reported to the DWA by the West Coast District Municipality,
through the BDS. The compliance results are also given through to Swartland Municipality by the West
Coast District Municipality.
The Municipal Health Services of the West Coast District Municipality also report monthly to the Department of
Environmental Health on water quality. The EHPs of the West Coast District Municipality therefore also take
water quality samples in the West Coast Region.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
49
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
1.3.3
METHODS USED FOR SAMPLING
Sampling of the water quality at the various WTWs and throughout the distribution systems is done according
to standard sampling practices and methods. The equipment and techniques used for sampling by the West
Coast District Municipality is included under Annexure AG. The samples are transported to the Withoogte
WTW, where it is tested at the West Coast District Municipality’s own Laboratory.
1.4
CREDIBILITY AND SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY DATA
1.4.1
TESTING LABORATORY AND ACCREDITATION
Microbiological Water Quality Compliance samples, taken by the Swartland Municipality, are analysed at the
National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point. The accreditation of the Laboratory is as follows:

National Health Laboratory Service (Green Point): Microbiological and SANS 241 Operational Tests
West Coast District Municipality: Water samples taken by the West Coast District Municipality are
analysed in the Municipality’s own Laboratory at Withoogte WTW. The laboratory is a well-equipped
laboratory with wet-chemistry (titrations for alkalinity and other determinations) and discrete analysis benchtop instruments (meters), of which the spectrophotometer forms the main component. The analytical methods
and equipment used in performing the water quality analyses are included in Annexure AG.
The laboratory is managed by Mr Garnet Titus who has vast experience in analytical chemistry, quality control
and data management. The laboratory participates in the following Proficiency Testing programmes and
submits samples on a regular basis to the programme:

Proficiency Testing Programme of the National Health Laboratory Service – Microbiological

Proficiency Testing Programme of SABS (Part 3) - Chemical
The Certificate for Participation in the programme (SABS) is included in Annexure AH, together with the
scoring sheets. According to the programme rating system, a score of less than 2 is satisfactory, between 2
and 3 is questionable, and a score of more that 3 is unsatisfactory.
The other Accredited Laboratories used by the West Coast District Municipality for sample analysis and their
registration certificates, as loaded onto the BDS, are included in Annexure AH. The Laboratories are
summarised below:

CSIR Consulting and Analytical Services: Chemical Health and SANS 241 Operational Tests - Total
Trihalomethanes, Phenols, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.

Water Lab (Pty): Microbiological, Chemical, Physical, Organoleptic and SANS 241 Operational Tests.

National Health Laboratory Service (Green Point): Microbiological and SANS 241 Operational Tests
1.4.2
TRAINING AND CONTROL MEASURES TO ENSURE SAMPLING CREDIBILITY
On completion of the compliance analysis of the water samples by the NHLS, the results are given through to
the Manager Trade Services. Any water quality samples that do not comply with the target values
(corresponding to the requirements of SANS241) are noted, and the Area Superintendent Water Works is
informed. The Superintendent then contacts the relevant worker of the relevant disinfection plant or
distribution system to inform them of the non-compliance, and the reason for this should be investigated and
reported on. When this done (either verbally or in writing), the Manager Trade Services then draws up an
Incident Report, containing all the details on time and location of the incident, reason for its occurrence, and
actions that were taken to rectify or remedy the situation. Also included is “Recommended Steps to Prevent a
Recurrence”, which contributes to the continuous strive towards improving the performance and compliance of
the water quality.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
50
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
When there is a failure on the distribution system it is checked against the register of pipe breaks, in order to
determine whether it could be as a result of a pipe break. A follow-up sample is also immediately taken in
order to verify the test result. The same procedures as explained above is further followed.
The Area Superintendent Water Works ensures that the chlorine sampling equipment is regularly checked, in
order to ensure that the dosing rates are correct and that the dosing process is not “contaminated” by faulty
instruments. Field instruments used for checking physical properties must always be calibrated in accordance
with the manufacturer’s manual before any water sample is collected. Buffer solutions are required for correct
calibration and to ensure accuracy of measurements.
1.4.3
SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY RESULTS
All compliance data and information related to water services are required to be submitted to the DWA as per
Section 62 of the Water Services Act (Act No. 108 of 1997). The act requires all Water Services Institutions
(WSIs) to furnish all such information as required by the Minister. All the compliance sample results, as
analysed by the West Coast District Municipality are therefore loaded on a monthly basis onto DWA’s BDS.
Samples are also taken on a monthly basis by the EHPs of the West Coast District Municipality. Monthly
reports of the Municipal Health Services of the West Coast District Municipality reflect the monitoring and
evaluation results of the samples taken in the West Coast Region and are given through to the Local
Municipalities.
1.5
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
1.5.1
WATER AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES
An Incident Management Protocol (IMP) must exist to guide the Water Services Institution’s response to
resolution and communication of drinking water quality failures (as defined according to the latest version of
SANS 241). The objective of an IMP is to ensure that the failures are dealt with and are managed in an
efficient and effective manner, using a consultative and transparent approach. The Water Services Act
(No.108 of 1997) states that Water Services Institutions must take reasonable steps in an emergency situation
to address incidents and to minimise the health risks.
Effective management therefore involves actions to be taken in response to variations that occur during
“normal” operating conditions and “incident” situations where the loss of a control system may occur and of
procedures to follow in unforeseen and emergency situations. These management procedures are an integral
part of the WSP. Swartland Municipality is committed to update these procedures as necessary, particularly
in light of implementation of the Improvement / Upgrade Plan and reviews of incidents, emergencies and near
misses. Management plans should be documented alongside system assessment, monitoring plans,
supporting programmes and communication required to ensure safe operating of the system.
Natural disasters such as floods and manmade incidents can significantly disrupt and impact on the quality of
water services thus posing a significant health risk to consumers. Emergency response plans should clearly
specify responsibilities for co-ordinating measures to be taken, a communication plan to inform / alert users of
supply and plans for providing / distributing emergency supplies of water. Key areas to be addressed in
emergency response plans include the following:

Response actions – including increased monitoring.

Plans for emergency water supplies in order to ensure safe drinking water for the duration of the problem.

Roles and responsibilities of individuals and organizations are clearly outlined to avoid miscommunication
and duplication of effort.

Communication strategies and protocols including notification procedures to alert and inform users of the
supply and other stakeholders, with staff contact details (internal, regulatory body, media, public,
emergency services), in order to ensure that all stakeholders are kept fully informed.

Mechanisms for increased public health surveillance.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
51
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

Responsibilities for coordinating measures to be taken in an emergency.

Training to ensure that employees have the skills and knowledge to effectively manage any potential
incident and/or emergency.

A programme to review and revise documentation as required.
The goal of Water and Safety Management Procedures is to highlight the procedures / protocols implemented
and adhered to by Swartland Municipality and forms part of Swartland Municipality’s Incident Management
Protocol.
The aim of this section of the WSP is to highlight the main requirements for effective drinking-water quality
management and associated response procedures to emergencies / incidents arising from drinking-water
quality related failures.
Table 1.5.1.1: Actions for various risk categories
Risk Category
Action
Low risk
Swartland Municipality will be able to resolve the issue internally without the need to communicate to external
parties.
Minor risk
Swartland Municipality will communicate potential issues to the West Coast District Municipality and possible
vulnerable groups (e.g. clinics) and the DWA.
Major risk
Swartland Municipality will communicate potential issues to vulnerable groups (e.g. clinics), DWA and ensure that
the Emergency Task Team (ETT) is activated. The duties of the ETT include the management of the emergency,
the coordination of activities, role allocation to stakeholders and reporting. The West Coast Disaster Management
Advisory Forum will coordinate and manage the compilation of the ETT.
Table 1.5.1.2: Possible Representatives on the ETT
Organisation
Contact Person
Telephone Number
Cell Number
West Coast Disaster Management Unit
Suretha Visser
022 – 433 8700
078 200 6574
West Coast Director Technical Services
H Matthee
022 – 433 8400
072 723 0529
West Coast District Mun’s Manager Water
Nic Faasen
022 – 433 2352
082 557 7686
West Coast District Mun’s Superintendent Water
Ben van der Merwe
022 – 433 2352
083 668 6087
West Coast District Mun’s Chemical Technician
Garnet Titus
022 – 433 2352
083 347 1531
Swartland Municipality
Louis Zikman
022 – 487 9400
082 771 4008
DWA’s Regional Office
Zanele Mapatwana
021 – 941 6243
079 511 3165
Department of Health
Johan Goosen
022 - 709 5065
082 435 0728
West Coast Senior Environmental Health Practitioner
Pierre Le Roux
022 - 433 8400
082 567 7612
Manager Social Development
Melonice Blanckenberg
022 – 433 8501
A Disaster Management Plan for the West Coast Region is in place, which confirms the arrangements for
managing disaster risk and for preparing for- and responding to disasters within the West Coast Region as
required by the Disaster Management Act. The West Coast District Municipality’s Disaster Management
Structure and Disaster Response Flowchart are included in Annexure AI. The types of disasters that might
occur within the area of the West Coast District Municipality are summarised in the table below:
Table 1.5.1.3: Risks included in the West Coast District Municipality’s Disaster Management Plan
Risks requiring risk
reduction plans
 Fire , Drought, Road
Accidents, Wind, HIV /
Aids, TB
Risks requiring preparedness plans
 Fire, Drought, Floods, Storms, Wind
 Diseases such as HIV/Aids, TB, Cholera, Diptheria,
Haemorrhagic Fever, Typhus Fever, Typhoid, Dysentry,
Polio, Plague, Meningitis, Measles, Rabies, Anthrax,
Food poisoning
Priority Risks
 Fire, Drought, Severe Weather
(Storms, Wind, Rain), Hazardous
Materials Incidents,
Communicable diseases / Health
 Red tide, Aircraft crash, Storm surges, Hazardous
Installations, Road accidents, Hazmat incidents: Road,
Rail and Sea, Air pollution, Water pollution, Land
degradation, Deforestation, Desertification, Tornado
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
52
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The following protocols will also be implemented by Swartland Municipality, depending on the type of water
quality failure.
Proposed Disinfection Optimization Protocol

The Area Superintendent Water Works oversees the Paardenberg Filtration Plant and the Disinfection
Plants at Paardenberg and Riverlands and should check the free chlorine residual values at the various
sampling points.

The Area Superintendent Water Works should compare the results with the recommended free chlorine
residual values and needs to inform the Manager Trade Services immediately if the free chlorine residual
values are too low or too high.

The Area Superintendent ensure immediate implementation of remedial measures (adjust chlorine
dosing – e.g. increase or lower the chlorine gas dosage).

The Area Superintendent needs to provide a summary of measured free chlorine residual values to the
Manager Trade Services on a regular basis.

The Manager Trade Services needs to review the effectiveness and determine appropriate further
interventions.
Proposed Turbidity Failure Response Protocol

The Manager Trade Services immediately informs the Area Superintendent Water Works if complaints
were received with regard to excessive turbidity.

The Area Superintendent Water Works investigates the source / cause of the turbidity in the affected
area and apply remedial measures such as cleaning of filters or replacing filter sand, network flushing,
etc.

Following remedial measures, the Area Superintendent Water Works gives feedback to the Manager
Trade Services whether the issue was resolved. The Manager Trade Services decides whether
additional sampling is necessary.

The Area Superintendent Water Works needs to provide a summary of turbidity failures to the Manager
Trade Services on a regular basis.

The Manager Trade Services needs to review the effectiveness and determine appropriate further
interventions (e.g. pipe replacement programme, etc.)
The DWA DWQ Framework (2007) has identified alert levels based on the public health risk and aesthetic
quality to respond to acute drinking water failure. The three Alert Levels adopted by Swartland Municipality to
respond to acute drinking water quality failures are as follows:

Alert Level I (Drinking Water Incident – no significant risk to health): Routine problems including minor
disruptions to the water system and single sample non-compliances.

Alert Level II (Drinking Water Failure – potential minor risk to health): Minor emergencies, requiring
additional sampling, process optimisation and reporting / communication of the problem.

Alert Level III (Drinking Water Emergency – potential major risk to health): Major emergencies requiring
significant interventions to minimize public health risk (Engagement of a designated Emergency Task
Team).
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
53
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The two tables that follow summarise the proposed protocols for the following two incidents:
Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Health Related Drinking Water Quality Incidents
The Manager Trade Services will provide a monthly summary of bacteriological failures to the Manager Water
and Sanitation and how they were addressed / resolved. The Manager Water and Sanitation will review the
effectiveness and determine appropriate further interventions.
Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Aesthetic Drinking Water Quality Incidents
These two protocols are also presented graphically in Annexure AI.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
54
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.5.1.4: PROPOSED INCIDENT MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR HEALTH RELATED DRINKING WATER QUALITY INCIDENTS
Classification
of Incident
Alert Level I
Alert Level II
Water Quality Constituent and
Concentration




1 E.Coli per 100 ml
1 - 10 Faecal Coliforms per 100 ml
10 - 50 Total Coliforms per 100 ml
Any health-related physical or
chemical result that exceeds the
upper limit of SANS 241: 2011
 Insignificant chance of infection.
 Very slight risk of viral infection with
continuous exposure.
 Insignificant risk to health – suitable for
lifetime consumption




2 – 10 E.Coli per 100 ml
10 - 50 Faecal Coliforms per 100 ml
50 - 100 Total Coliforms per 100 ml
Turbidity result > 5 NTU
 Clinical infections unlikely in healthy
adults, but may occur in sensitive groups.
 Low risk of viral infection with continuous
exposure.
 Low risk of protozoan parasite infection.
 Indirect associated impacts on health
through the shielding of bacteria from
disinfection.
 > 10 E.Coli per 100 ml
 > 50 Faecal Coliforms per 100 ml
 > 100 Total Coliforms per 100 ml
Alert Level
III
Health Implication / Risk
Incident
Management
Internal
Internal &
External
Required
Response
Time
Action
Within 24
hrs of result
release
 Communicate out-of-range result to relevant municipal staff;
 Assess associated information and implement corrective action to
rectify the incident or resample to confirm result if required;
 If resample result confirms the initial result, implement corrective
action to rectify the incident;
 If resample result exceeds the concentrations specified in Alert
Level I, proceed to Alert Level II.
Same day
as result
release
 Request additional monitoring as required (both spatially and
increased frequency) to establish the source of the contamination
and the risk to public health;
 Assess treatment process efficiency and implement corrective
action to optimize the treatment process;
 Communicate the drinking water failure and health risk to the
relevant municipal staff, West Coast DM, DWA and the DoH;
 If any additional sample results exceed concentrations specified in
Alert Level II, proceed to Alert Level III.
Immediate
 Engage Emergency Task Team;
 Communicate drinking water emergency and health risk to
relevant municipal staff, West Coast DM, DG of DWA, head of
provincial DoH;
 Continue additional monitoring and extend to the distribution
system and point-of-use to establish the source and extent of the
incident and the risk to public health;
 Assess the communities at risk and the need for an alternate
water supply;
 Communicate drinking water emergency to community;
 Implement specialist process assessment and optimisation of the
drinking water supply system from catchment to consumer;
 Phase out additional monitoring once the source of the incident
has been identified and rectified and two consecutive results have
been within specification;
 Prepare notifications advising of the end of the emergency;
 Assess required preventative action to reduce the likelihood of the
incident recurring;
 Prepare a report to document and close the incident;
 Review and update Incident Management Protocol;
 Retrain staff on revised Incident Management Protocol.
 Clinical infections common, even with
once-off consumption.
 Significant and increasing risk of
infectious disease transmission.
 Significant risk of protozoan parasite
infection.
 Significant risk to human health –
maximum allowable limits exceeded.
Internal &
External
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
55
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 1.5.1.5: PROPOSED INCIDENT MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR AESTHETIC DRINKING WATER QUALITY INCIDENTS
Classification of
Incident
Water Quality Constituent and
Concentration
 Iron 0.2 – 1.0 mg/l
 Manganese 0.1 – 0.4 mg/l
Alert Level I
(Incident)
 Iron 1.1 – 2.0 mg/l
 Manganese 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l
Alert Level II
(Failure)
 Iron > 2 mg/l
 Manganese > 1 mg/l
Alert Level III
(Emergency)
Health Implication / Risk
 Moderate unpleasant tastes
/ odours.
 Slight taste and colour,
slight staining of white
clothes.
 Slight taste and colour,
moderate staining of clothes
and fixtures.
 Moderate unpleasant tastes
/ odours.
 Moderate taste and colour,
moderate staining of white
clothes.
 Moderate taste and colour,
increasing staining of
clothes and fixtures.
Incident
Management
Internal
Internal & External
Required
Response Time
Within 24 hrs of
result release
 Communicate out-of-range result to relevant municipal staff;
 Assess associated information and implement corrective
action to rectify the incident or resample to confirm result if
required;
 If resample result confirms the initial result, implement
corrective action to rectify the incident;
 If resample result exceeds the concentrations specified in
Alert Level I, proceed to Alert Level II.
Same day as
result release
 Request additional monitoring as required (both spatially and
increased frequency) to establish the source of the
contamination and the aesthetic impact;
 Assess treatment process efficiency and implement corrective
action to optimize the treatment process;
 Communicate the drinking water failure and aesthetic impact
to the relevant municipal staff;
 If any additional sample results exceed concentrations
specified in Alert Level II, proceed to Alert Level III.
Immediate
 Continue additional monitoring and extend to the distribution
system and point-of-use to establish the source and extent of
the incident and the aesthetic impact;
 Communicate aesthetic drinking water emergency to
community;
 Implement specialist process assessment and optimization of
the drinking water supply system from catchment to
consumer;
 Phase out additional monitoring once the source of the
incident has been identified and rectified and two consecutive
results have been within specification;
 Prepare notifications advising of the end of the aesthetic
drinking water emergency;
 Assess required preventative action to reduce the likelihood of
the incident recurring;
 Prepare a report to document and close the incident;
 Review and update Incident Management Protocol;
 Retrain staff on revised Incident Management Protocol.
 Objectionable and
increasing unpleasant
tastes / odours.
 Objectionable taste and
appearance, staining of
clothes.
 Off-putting taste and
appearance, severe staining
of clothes and fixtures
Internal & External
Action
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
56
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Drinking Water Quality Complaints Procedure
All complaints are logged and recorded through the Municipality’s Complaints System.
Proposed Management Communications
The Manager Trade Services needs to include a monthly summary of the following in their Water Quality
Management Report to Council and for top management (short memo – 1 page).

Disinfection failures

Turbidity failures

Bacteriological failures

Other physical and chemical failures

Consumer complaints
The Manager Water and Sanitation needs to discuss the memo with the Council on a monthly basis for top
management action.
The IMP must be aligned to the communication requirements stipulated in the Compulsory National Standards
for the Quality of Potable Water under Section 9 of the Water Services Act. The Compulsory National
Standards for the Quality of Potable Water states that a Water Services Institution must ensure that a Drinking
Water Quality Advisory is issued within 12 hours of confirmation of drinking water quality failure:

A Drinking Water Quality Advisory must be issued when analysis results indicates a health risk
associated with the domestic use of the sampled water. The Drinking Water Quality Advisory must
specify the nature of the risk presented; indicate rectification measures taken by the Water Services
Institution and indicate risk minimization measure to be taken by the public.

A Boil Water Notice should be issued when the quality of drinking water poses a risk which can be
adequately addressed by boiling the water in accordance with the notice, prior to human consumption.

A Do Not Use Water Notice should be issued when there is a risk which cannot be adequately mitigated
by means of domestic treatment.
The Manager Trade Services needs to ensure that evidence of adherence to the requirements of this protocol
be recorded, preferably in the form of an Incident Register as summarised in Table 1.5.1.6 below.
Table 1.5.1.6: Example of Drinking Water Quality Incident Register
Trigger
Laboratory
reported E.Coli
Failure
Sample
Point
High
Level
Reservoir
Nature of
Incident
9 E.Coli per 100
ml recorded on
24 May 2011
Risk Rating
Corrective Action
Alert Level 2 –
Moderate Risk
Laboratory informed
Operations, Water
Quality Advisory
issued, additional
chlorine dosed,
resampled on 26, 28
and 30 Jun 2011. All
resample results 0
E.Coli per 100 ml
Communication
of failure
Reference
Documents
Failure,
corrective action
and resample
results
communicated
to WSA
Manager, DWA
and DoH.
Water Quality
Advisory and
evidence of
communication
stored on
network drive.
Following any emergency, an investigation should be undertaken and all individuals involved in the WSP
should be updated and a discussion of the performance of the WSP and issues or concerns must be
addressed.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
57
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The investigation should consider factors such as the following:

What was the initiating cause of the problem?

Was the hazard already identified in the WSP risk assessment?

How was the problem first identified or recognised?

What were the most essential actions required and were they carried out?

If relevant, was appropriate and timely action taken to warn consumers and protect their health?

What communication problems arose and how they were addressed?

What were the immediate and long term consequences of the emergency?

How well did the emergency response plan work?
2.
DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL
2.1
COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION – WORKS CLASSIFICATION
2.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS
A Rapid Gravity Sand Filter is used to treat the surface water supplied from the Perdeberg Dam. The water is
also disinfected before it is distributed to Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth. A further three
boreholes in Riverlands are also used as additional supply for Riverlands and Kalbaskraal. The groundwater
is disinfected, before it is blended with the other potable water and distributed to the consumers in Riverlands
and Kalbaskraal respectively.
West Coast District Municipality’s bulk WTWs:
Withoogte WTW: Raw water is pumped from the Berg River (Misverstand Weir) to the Raw Water Storage
Reservoir at Withoogte, from where the water gravitates to the WTW. The corrosion effect of the water is
stabilised by the addition of lime, which also causes the pH to rise. The functioning of the Flocculants is better
at a higher pH. The precipitate formed due to the turbidity being removed by flash mixing with the flocculants,
settles out in the settling tank. From the settling tank the water gravitates through the sand filter where excess
turbidity is removed. The last phase of the purification process is to disinfect the final water with chlorine. The
final water gravitates to the storage reservoir before being pumped into the distribution network. The sludge,
which is drawn off from the settling tanks, gravitates to the sludge dams. The overflow water from the sludge
dams is recovered by re-circulation back to the inlet works. The unit processes incorporated in the WTW is
presented graphically on the schematic layouts included in Annexure AB.
Swartland WTW: Raw water gravitates from the Voëlvlei dam through a canal to the Swartland WTW, from
where the raw water is pumped into the WTW. The corrosion effect of the water is stabilised by the addition of
lime, which also causes the pH to rise. The functioning of the Flocculants is better at a higher pH. The
precipitate formed due to the turbidity being removed by flash mixing with the flocculants, settles out in the
settling tank. From the settling tank the water gravitates through the sand filter where excess turbidity is
removed. The last phase of the purification process is to disinfect the final water with chlorine. The final water
gravitates to the storage reservoir before being pumped into the distribution network. The sludge, which is
drawn off from the settling tanks, gravitates to the sludge dams. A pipeline was also recently constructed to
recover the overflow water from the sludge dams and to re-circulate the water back to the inlet works. The
unit processes incorporated in the WTW is presented graphically on the schematic layouts included in
Annexure AB.
2.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF THE WATER TREATMENT WORKS
The classification certificates of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs are included in Annexure B.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
58
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
2.2
COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION – PROCESS CONTROLLER REGISTRATION
96.5% of Swartland Municipality’s 2011/2012 total water demand for all their systems was supplied by the
West Coast District Municipality, 3.1% from the Perdeberg Dam and 0.4% from the Riverlands boreholes.
The Municipality does not operate any WTW. It is only the Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants, which is
operated by the Operational Personnel.
Training of personnel: The knowledge, skills, motivation and commitment of staff involved in the
management of drinking water quality are the most important factors that determine the ability of Swartland
Municipality to deliver safe and reliable water. Training of all staff involved in water supply services on matters
related to treatment processes and quality monitoring and control is essential because their actions (or failure
to act) will have a major impact on the well-being of the communities.
The training provided by Swartland Municipality to their Operational Personnel over the last few years was as
follows:

2.3
COMPLETE
AVAILABILITY OF SIGNED INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE LOGBOOKS
The existing control measure sheets of Swartland Municipality are included in Annexure AJ. A reliable
logbook needs to be kept at the filtration plant and at each of the disinfection plants where the operational
personnel can record events and data for the site, including water quality and quantity, treatment chemicals
used and incidents. When incidents occur, the logbook is required to record the nature of the incident and any
corrective and / or preventative action taken and the incident is required to be signed off by the Area
Superintendent Water Works. A representative from the Municipality’s management is also required to sign
the logbook to verify the effectiveness of the corrective and / or preventative action taken.
The minimum requirements for the Logbooks at the Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants and the
inspection sheets for the reservoirs and distribution systems are as follows:

Daily recordings of water quality at the filtration plant (raw and final);

Chemical dosing rates, chemical usage and chemical stock levels;

Equipment failures and repairs (Maintenance Work), and

Incidents
Information on the volume of water received from the West Coast District Municipality, the volume of water
supplied from the Municipality’s own water resources and the potable supply from the various reservoirs are
recorded through the Municipality’s telemetry system.
When incidents occur, the following information is required to be recorded in the logbook.

Date of incident;

Site of incident;

Staff member who identified the incident;

Details of non-conformance;

Corrective and Preventative action taken;

Signature by Area Superintendent Water Works, and

Close-out signature by Manager Trade Services
An example of one of the existing Incident Reports of Swartland Municipality is included in Annexure
AJ. The information captured in the report include the Reference Number, Date and Time Reported,
Reported By, Location, Town, Incident Type, Incident Description, Captured By, Allocation To,
Attended from Date and Time, Attended to Date and Time and Status.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
59
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
3.
DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE
The Compliance Sampling results of the West Coast District Municipality are uploaded onto the BDS by the
District Municipality. Hard copies of all the operational and compliance sampling results are also available.
Microbiological compliance samples are also taken by Swartland Municipality and tested at the National
Health Laboratory Service in Green Point. The Compliance Sample results for the various distribution
systems are included in Annexure C.
The population served through the various distribution systems are included in Table 1.1.2.8 under
Section 1.1.2.
3.1
COMPLIANCE PER DETERMINAND
The summary of the compliance per determinand for all the determinands included in the Municipality’s
Compliance Monitoring Programme is included in Annexure C for each of the distribution systems.
3.2
RISK ASSESSMENT DEFINED HEALTH INDEX
The summary of the compliance of all determinands identified during the risk assessment with an associated
health effect is included in Annexure C for each of the distribution systems. Table 3.2.1 below gives a
summary of the performance of the various distribution systems, categorised according to the percentage of
samples complying with SANS 241 (Categorization according to SANS 241-2:2011 Table 4).
Table 3.2.1: Health categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period January 2012 to December 2012)
Acute Health – 1
Chemical (% of
Samples Complying)
Distribution
System
Withoogte Final
Moorreesburg
Koringberg
Swartland Final
Malmesbury
Acute Health – 1
Microbiological (% of
Samples Complying)
Chronic Health (% of
Samples Complying)
Risk Assessment Defined
Health (Acute or Chronic) (%
of Samples Complying)
Sulphate, Nitrate &
Nitrite Nitrogen
E. Coli Type - 1
Fluoride, Iron,
Manganese, Free
Chlorine, Chloroform,
Bromodichloromethane,
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromoform
Sulphate, Nitrate & Nitrite,
Fluoride, Iron, Manganese,
Potassium, Magnesium, Free
Chlorine, Chloroform,
Bromodichloromethane,
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromoform
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
(1)
Good (95.5%)
Excellent (100%)
(1)
Excellent (95.5%)
-
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
-
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Riebeek Wes
Excellent (100%)
(2)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
(2)
Riebeek Kasteel
Excellent (100%) (2)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%) (2)
Yzerfontein
Excellent (100%)
-
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Darling
-
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (100%)
Riverlands
-
Excellent (100%)
-
Excellent (100%)
Abbotsdale
-
Excellent (100%)
-
Excellent (100%)
Chatsworth
-
Unacceptable (66.7%)
-
Unacceptable (66.7%)
Note:
1) Compliance percentages as measured at the Withoogte WTW
2) Compliance percentages as measured at the Swartland WTW
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
60
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
3.3
OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY INDEX
The summary of the compliance of all determinands identified during the risk assessment with an associated
aesthetic and operational effect is included in Annexure C for each of the distribution systems. Table 3.2.2
below gives a summary of the performance of the various distribution systems, categorised according to the
percentage of samples complying with SANS 241 (Categorization according to SANS 241-2:2011 Table 4).
Table 3.3.1: Aesthetic and operational categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period January 2012 to
December 2012)
Distribution
System
Aesthetic (% of Samples Complying)
Operational (% of Samples Complying)
Conductivity, Turbidity, Colour, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium,
Zinc, Chloride, Sulphate, Total Dissolved Solids, Ammonia
Nitrogen, Iron, Manganese, Phenols
pH, Turbidity, Calcium, Potassium, Aluminium,
Total Coliform Count
Excellent (100%)
Good (94.5%)
Excellent (100%)(1)
Excellent (100%)
Koringberg
Excellent (100%)
Unacceptable (84.7%)
Swartland Final
Excellent (98.6%)
Good (92.1%)
Malmesbury
Excellent (100%)
Excellent (95.2%)
Riebeek Wes
Excellent (98.6%) (2)
Excellent (100%)
Riebeek Kasteel
Excellent (98.6%) (2)
Excellent (100%)
Yzerfontein
Excellent (100%)
Unacceptable (72.2%)
Darling
Excellent (100%)
Unacceptable (89.3%)
Withoogte Final
Moorreesburg
Riverlands
-
Excellent (100%)
Abbotsdale
-
Unacceptable (50%)
Chatsworth
-
Unacceptable (66.7%)
Note:
1) Compliance percentages as measured at the Withoogte WTW
2) Compliance percentages as measured at the Swartland WTW
4.
MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION
4.1
MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
Signature of key documents and the Water Safety Plan in particular, indicates acceptance of the specified risk
priorities and commitment to the implementation of the associated Improvement Plans. Management
commitment is also required to be demonstrated by allocation of adequate human and financial resources to
drinking water quality management. Evidence of budgets as well as expenditure per financial year is required
to ensure that the money committed to improvement of the drinking water system was actually spent. The
table below gives a summary of the management commitment of Swartland Municipality for the various key
documents and processes
Table 4.1.1: Management commitment for the various key documents and processes
Key Documents
Status of Document
Name and Surname
Position
Updated WSDP
Will be done during second
part of 2013
Louis Zikman
Manager Water and
Sanitation
Water Services Audit for
2011/2012
Was finalised and taken to
Council with Annual Report
Louis Zikman
Manager Water and
Sanitation
Water Safety Plan (Incl.
Improvement / Upgrade
Plan
Part of Blue Water Services
Performance Audit Report
Esmari Steenkamp
Manager Trade
Services
Control Sheets
(Annexure AJ)
Part of Blue Water Services
Performance Audit Report
Johan Balie
Area Superintendent
Water Works
Operation and
Maintenance Budget
In place for 2012/2013 and
2013/2014
Louis Zikman
Manager Water and
Sanitation
Signature
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
61
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
4.2
PUBLICATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE
Swartland Municipality realises the importance of good communication with their consumers to whom they
provide potable water through their various distribution systems.
Swartland Municipality therefore
understands the importance of involving community members on a regular basis and not only when there is a
crisis. Community Members should be made aware of safe handling of water, hygienic sanitation practices
and how to conserve and not misuse water. Good communication ensures consumer trust and confidence.
Total transparency is therefore one of the main objectives when public notifications are distributed by
Swartland Municipality and the West Coast District Municipality. High on the list of priorities in these
communications and the Water Monitoring Committee Meetings is regular communication on water quality
and in particular how efficient the water treatment plants performs and whether the required standards are
met. Efficient groundwater management is also one of the other key priorities discussed during these
meetings by the West Coast District Municipality. The water quality compliance publications issued by the
West Coast District Municipality for their bulk water distribution systems are included in Annexure D.
Swartland Municipality can also make use of the following media for further communication with the public on
water quality issues: the municipality’s website, newsletters accompanying the bills and the local newspapers.
The Municipality can also make information available to the learners at the local schools, so that they can
learn about the importance of effective water quality management.
Water quality results are also included in Swartland Municipality’s WSDP and Water Services Audit Report.
Swartland Municipality review their WSDP regularly and compile annually a Water Services Audit Report. The
WSDP is made available to the public and various other stakeholders for their comments and all comments
made are considered when preparing the final WSDP. The WSDP and Water Services Audit Reports are
public documents with various sections addressing water quality management.
Involving the public at every stage means:

Making monitoring results or summaries available and easily accessible, such as on the Internet or via
newsletters and public fora;

Notifying the public about risks to their health and what the WSA is doing to address the risks;

Issuing regular reports about drinking water systems, including improvements and areas that need further
attention;

Educating the public on a number of issues, including: the benefits of disinfection over the risks of
microbiological contamination and disease, the difference between health-related and aesthetic drinking
water quality failures and the true cost of providing safe drinking water;

Incorporating public consultations into decision-making processes which affect public health, including
the development process for new guidelines and regulations, and

Education about water resource protection and conservation issues.
Section 18 of the Water Services Act stipulates the following with regard to the Water Services Audit.

A WSA must report on the implementation of its development plan during each financial year.

The report must be made available within four months after the end of each financial year; and must be
given to the Minister, the Minister for Provincial and Local Government, the Member of the Executive
Council responsible for local government in the relevant province and all the organisations representing
municipalities having jurisdiction in the area of the WSA.

The WSA must publicise a summary of its report.

A copy of the report and of its summary must be available for inspection at the offices of the WSA; and
obtainable against payment of a nominal fee.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
62
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
4.3
SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS / PERFORMANCE AGREEMENTS
There must always be a written agreement between the WSA and the Bulk Water Services Provider that
meets all the necessary requirements as laid out in Section 19(5) of the Water Services Act (Act No.108 of
1997) and the Municipal Systems Act (No.32 of 2000).
DWA’s minimum requirements for Service Level Agreements are as follows:


A written contract between the WSA and the Water Services Provider, signed by both parties and
specifying:

Agreed volume of water to be provided on a daily basis;

water quality monitoring and compliance arrangements;

operation and maintenance specifications and

duration of the contract
When the WSA is also the Provider, copies of Performance Agreements are also required.
Swartland Municipality has got a comprehensive Performance Management System in place. The SDBIP is
the process plan and performance indicator / evaluation for the execution of the budget. The SDBIP is being
used as a management, implementation and monitoring tool that assists and guide the Executive Mayor,
Councillors, Municipal Manager, Senior Managers and the community. The plan serves as an input to the
performance agreements of the Municipal Manager and Directors. It also forms the basis for the monthly,
quarterly, mid-year and the annual assessment report and performance assessments of the Municipal
Manager and Directors.
A Service Delivery Agreement between the West Coast District Municipality and Saldanha Bay Municipality,
Swartland Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality is in place. A Monitoring Committee with the following
powers and functions was also established:

To co-ordinate integrated development planning in respect of the services;

To monitor the performance of the District Municipality in respect of service levels;

To monitor the implementation of this agreement;

To provide a forum for the local municipalities to interact with the District Municipality;

To accept delivery, on behalf of the Local Municipalities, of reports which the District Municipality is
required to produce in terms of this agreement;

To consider and make recommendations to the District Municipality on the District Municipality’s high
level budget and key performance indicators and targets;

In consultation with the District Municipality, to handle, manage and make recommendations to the
parties in respect of any matter related to the services which is not dealt with by this agreement;

To ensure that the expenses incurred by the District Municipality in respect of the services do not exceed
the amount allocated therefore in the District Municipality’s annual budget;

To formulate a written document that records the rules and procedures, which will be binding on itself,
regulating the manner and legislative obligations, powers and functions to the Monitoring Committee.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
63
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Quality of supply and service: The obligations on the West Coast District Municipality are to deliver the
services to particular standards of supply and service and to report on the extent of its compliance with those
standards. Accordingly the District Municipality must comply with the standards of supply and service,
including reporting obligations relating to those standards; and provide the Local Municipalities with a report in
relation to those standards on a three (3) monthly basis, or at such other intervals as may be agreed by the
parties in writing.
The Service Level Agreement between Swartland Municipality and the West Coast District Municipality is
included in Annexure D.
5.
DRINKING WATER ASSET MANAGEMENT
5.1
ANNUAL PROCESS AUDIT
To ensure that the existing filtration plant, disinfection plants and water distribution networks of Swartland
Municipality functions optimally and produces treated water that comply with the requirements of SANS 241
on a continuous basis, it is necessary to ensure that three important aspects are checked on a regular basis:

Condition of infrastructure

Correct and sustainable functioning of mechanical and electrical equipment and instrumentation

Whether the unit treatment processes are operated within the prescribed operational parameters.
It is therefore recommended that the municipality undertake the following regular inspections and audits:

Annual detailed audit of the water distribution networks and the personnel responsible for the operation
and maintenance of the networks; and

Annual detailed audit of the filtration plant and disinfection plants and the personnel responsible for the
operation and maintenance of the plants.
5.1.1 Annual Detailed Audit of the Water Distribution Networks and Water Section
Personnel
This audit may be carried out by the Municipality’s Asset Management consultants. It comprises a survey and
inspection of all the water treatment and distribution infrastructure (civil works, mechanical equipment,
buildings, grounds), and updating the existing asset register. Of particular importance is recording the
condition of the infrastructure, reassessing the useful life time of the infrastructure and controlling whether the
scheduled maintenance tasks have been performed, as stipulated in the Asset Management Plans.
A pipeline replacement study was performed by GLS for Swartland Municipality’s entire water distribution
system during 2013. The project entailed the verification of system data, establishment of a computer model
for the pipe replacement network, performing an analysis and reporting. The pipe replacement potential was
determined for each of the pipelines in the water distribution systems by assessing the likelihood of failure
(LF) and the consequence of failure (CF). The independent factors and their weight factors used are
summarised in the tables below:
Table 5.1.1.1: The independent factors and the weight factors used to determine the pipe replacement potential
Weight
Weight
(%)
Consequence of Failure Property
Nominal diameter (mm)
20
19.0
High cost to consumer due to high water pressure (m)
2
3.0
Reserve water pressure ratio
10
9.5
High cost to consumer due to flow (l/s)
15
19.0
Catalogue remaining useful life (yr)
15
14.3
High repair cost due to pipe location
10
13.0
Master Plan Item
5
4.8
Flooding due to geography
5
6.0
Leakage volume (l/min/km)
10
9.5
Strategic location
20
26.0
Undesired material
20
19.0
Network redundancy (l/s)
10
13.0
Pavement management system
15
Likelihood of Failure Property
Failure frequency (breaks/km/yr)
25
23.8
100.0
Weight
Weight
(%)
19.0
100.0
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
64
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The total pipe replacement potential was calculated for each pipeline as an index
PRP = LF x CF (In the range of 1 to 25)
The total length of the water supply network is approximately 418 km with an estimated replacement value of
R543 400 000. The average condition of the water network can be rated as fair to poor. The pipe
replacement requirement amounts to R59 434 766 over the next three (3) years and 30.84 km.
Swartland Municipality can further review their organogram for the water infrastructure personnel, with specific
attention being paid to the required number of personnel necessary to adequately operate and maintain the
infrastructure. The organogram should be aligned with the following two programmes of the municipality:

Skills Development Programme

Career Path Planning
Where there are gaps in the organogram related to adequate operation and maintenance of the infrastructure,
these should be included in the WSDP and Skills Development Programmes of the municipality.
5.1.2 Annual Detailed Audit of the Filtration Plant and Disinfection Plants and Water Section
Personnel
It is important that the filtration plant and disinfection plants are subjected to a technical assessment by a
technically competent person to advise on the performance of the plants and technical (mechanical, civil and
electrical) improvements required. It is also required by DWA that proof be provided that the reservoirs and
distribution systems were inspected to inform preventative maintenance programmes. These inspections /
assessments / audits are to be performed at least once a year.
DWA’s minimum requirements for Process Audits are as follows:

A process audit is required to be undertaken annually;

The process audit report must include findings and prioritised recommendations; and

The Water Services Institution must provide evidence of implementation of recommendations.
5.2
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSET REGISTER
An updated Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure in Swartland Municipality’s Management
Area. The complete Asset Register is included in Annexure E. The current and depreciated replacement
costs of the water infrastructure is summarised in the table below (June 2012):
Table 5.2.1: Current and depreciated replacement costs of the water infrastructure
Asset Type
Borehole
GIS ID
CRC (1)
WATER
DRC (2)
% DRC / CRC
BH
R1 726 796
R535 831
31.0%
Pump Station
WPS
R17 070 969
R11 200 717
65.6%
Reservoir
RES
R85 004 999
R37 602 918
44.2%
Reticulation Pipeline
Bulk Water Pipeline
WRP
BWP
R215 882 589
R126 362 544
R110 993 510
R67 982 424
51.4%
53.8%
Dam
DAM
R30 352 150
R3 476 592
11.5%
Water Consumer Connections
WCC
R149 265 006
R53 292 035
35.7%
Other Assets
Totals
OTH
R2 837 930
R628 502 983
R1 651 277
R286 735 304
58.2%
45.6%
Notes: 1) Total Purchase price, as included in the June 2012 Asset Register
2) 2012 Value, as included in the June 2012 Asset Register
The above implies that about 54.4% of the value of the water infrastructure has been consumed.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
65
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The table below give’s an overview of the RUL per facility type for the water infrastructure (June 2012):
Table 5.2.2: Overview of the remaining useful life by facility type for the water infrastructure (CRC)
Asset Type
GIS ID
0 – 5 yrs
6 – 10 yrs
11 – 15 yrs
16 – 20 yrs
> 20 yrs
WATER
Borehole
BH
R331 505
R849 844
R281 340
R124 107
R140 000
WPS
R1 817 229
R3 031 985
R2 313 247
R7 600 985
R2 307 522
Reservoir
RES
R4 435 441
R1 822 277
R7 292 756
R14 384 685
Reticulation Pipeline
Bulk Water Pipeline
WRP
BWP
R0
R0
R4 834 090
R563 639
R8 877 585
R3 250 047
R23 455 171
R6 923 531
R178 715 744
R115 625 328
Dam
DAM
R0
R253 400
R30 055 000
R0
R43 750
Water Consumer Connections
WCC
R0
R0
R22 862 000
R12 282 333
R114 120 673
Other Assets
TOTALS
OTH
R1 875 432
R8 459 607
R792 679
R12 147 914
R0
R74 931 975
R0
R64 770 812
Pump Station
R57 069 840
R169 819
R468 192 676
The table below give’s an overview of the age distribution per facility for the water infrastructure (June 2012):
Table 5.2.3: Overview of the age distribution by facility type for the water infrastructure (CRC)
Asset Type
GIS ID
0 – 5 yrs
6 – 10 yrs
11 – 15 yrs
16 – 20 yrs
> 20 yrs
R10 000
R281 340
R752 669
R568 680
WATER
Borehole
BH
R114 107
Pump Station
WPS
R7 034 560
R5 024 644
R1 751 801
R1 504 680
R1 755 283
Reservoir
RES
R250 640
R16 242 536
R7 175 355
R7 264 192
R54 072 275
Reticulation Pipeline
WRP
R15 643 907
R17 534 098
R24 851 064
R14 076 181
R143 777 338
Bulk Water Pipeline
BWP
R10 830 367
R14 292 688
R17 257 373
R13 161 018
Dam
DAM
R0
R0
R0
R352 150
Water Consumer Connections
WCC
R816 175
R888 831
R18 550 000
R0
R129 010 000
Other Assets
OTH
R1 693 377
R36 383 133
R453 535
R54 446 332
R691 019
R70 557 952
R0
R37 110 890
R0
R430 004 674
TOTALS
R70 821 098
R30 000 000
The average water asset renewal needs over the next 10 years is R2.061 million per year and the
reinvestment required is R8.460 million in the first 5 years and R12.148 million in the second 5 year period.
Most of the water assets value has age greater than 20 years.
Priority should be given to rehabilitating existing infrastructure as this generally makes best use of financial
resources and can achieve an increased in (operational) services level coverage’s most rapidly.
DWA’s minimum requirements for an Asset Register are as follows:

Asset description;

Location;

Condition;

Installation date;

Remaining life; and

Current and replacement value
All of the above requirements are included in Swartland Municipality’s Asset Register.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
66
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
It is also important for Swartland Municipality to compile an Infrastructure Asset Management Plan for the
entire water infrastructure. An Asset Management Plan normally

documents the nature, extent, age, utilisation, condition, performance and value of the infrastructure
network;

identifies existing and target levels of service, as well as expected changes in demand;

identifies the life-cycle management needs of the infrastructure (development, renewal, operations and
maintenance);

assesses capital and operational budget needs; and

identifies infrastructure asset management improvement needs.
The objective of the Infrastructure Asset Management Plan is to support the achievement of the strategic
goals of the municipality and facilitate prudent technical and financial decision-making. It is also a vehicle for
improved internal communication and to demonstrate to external stakeholders the municipality’s ability to
effectively manage its existing infrastructure as well as the new infrastructure to be developed over the next
20 years.
5.3
AVAILABILITY AND COMPETENCE OF MAINTENANCE TEAM
Maintenance of drinking water infrastructure is critical and needs to be planned for in terms of civil, electrical,
mechanical and possibly electronic maintenance aspects. Type of maintenance includes the following:

Preventative / routine: Maintenance done on a consistent routine base to prevent unnecessary
breakdown of infrastructure and ensure optimal functioning and energy efficiency of the equipment. This
type of maintenance ensures that the plant can be operated to its full design capacity and optimal
treatment expectations. This is best practice and the most cost effective way of caring for the “backbone”
of water treatment.

Emergency / reactive: Maintenance done when breakdown has already occurred or when the equipment
is in an advanced state of deterioration. This is reactively addressing problems when plant capacity and
treatment efficiency has already been compromised. It may also be when an unforeseen event resulted
in unexpected breakdown, even if routine maintenance practices are in place. This type of maintenance
is usually 2 to 3 times more costly than preventative maintenance. Leakages in the distribution network
are considered to require emergency maintenance due to the potential for introducing contamination into
the reticulation network.
To ensure that all the maintenance activities are undertaken as required, every distribution system is required
to have a Maintenance Schedule. Records of actual preventative and reactive maintenance undertaken are
required to be kept. Assessors can also request examples of maintenance records for selected infrastructure
as well as an age analysis of outstanding maintenance.
The Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants share staff. The Plants run unsupervised 24 hours a day and is
checked regularly by the Area Superintendent Water Works. The Water Supply is headed by the Manager
Water and Sanitation, Mr Louis Zikman. The latest Organogram for the Water Supply Section is included in
Annexure E.
The Maintenance Team mainly performs their own repair and preventative maintenance work to the
equipment and infrastructure of the municipality, except when specialized repair work is required, in which
case the work will be sub-contracted to approved sub-contractors on the municipal database.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
67
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
The main sub-contractors used by the Maintenance Team on a regular basis are listed below:

Tricom Africa

Spectrum Communications (Pty) Ltd

JVZ (Capital projects: Construction of new reservoir, installation of water meters, etc.)

Indecon (Water meters purchased)

Wesland Civils (Capital projects: Upgrading of water networks)

Metzi-Chem Ikapa

Protea Chemicals
DWA’s minimum requirements for the Maintenance Team are as follows:

An organogram of the Maintenance Team used for general maintenance work at the plant (both
Mechanical and Electrical);

In cases where the maintenance function is outsourced, a copy of the contract between the Municipality
and the Service Provider is required to serve as evidence of engagement of external maintenance
expertise;

Proof is required on team competency (internal or external). The Municipality must present evidence on
the Qualification and Experience of the supervisors of the Mechanical, Electrical and Civil sections of the
Maintenance Team individual. A trade-test certificate is accepted as adequate evidence, and

Records of planned maintenance schedules and planned and reactive maintenance undertaken for
selected infrastructure must be presented to indicate that maintenance does take place on an on-going
basis.
5.4
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS
Comprehensive Operational and Maintenance Manuals are available for the filtration plant, disinfection plants
and pump stations. Process flow diagrams for all the distribution systems are also included in Annexure AB.
Process Controller daily duty sheets and log sheets, informed by the Operational and Maintenance Manuals,
will be reviewed during the Blue Drop Site Verification Inspection. Evidence will be required to be provided
that these sheets are completed and signed by the Process Controller, with interventions included and signed
by the WTW Supervisor as required.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
68
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
5.5
MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE
The operational and maintenance budget and actual expenditure for the various financial years for the water
infrastructure in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area is summarised in the table below.
Table 5.5.1: Summary of Operational and Maintenance Budget
2012/2013
2011/2012
2010/2011
Actual
Expenditure
Actual
Expenditure
Actual
Expenditure
Wages and Salaries
R7 536 669
R6 645 698
R5 869 480
Social Contributions
R1 164 776
R1 081 736
R939 834
Depreciation: Property, plant and equipment
R9 411 007
R0
R0
R165 889
R210 563
R278 089
General expenses: Bulk purchases
R20 224 034
R18 555 930
R17 760 693
General expenses: Departmental
R1 397 402
R1 215 667
R1 077 490
General expenses: Other
R1 330 985
R1 110 758
R1 280 275
Total Operation
R41 230 762
R28 820 352
R27 205 861
Repairs and Maintenance
R887 816
R861 486
R922 783
Total Maintenance
R887 816
R861 486
R922 783
R42 118 577
R29 681 838
R28 128 643
15.112
15.161
15.150
Expenditure Description
Interest expenses: External borrowings
Total Operation and Maintenance
Volume of Water Treated (Ml/d)
Maintenance Cost as a % of Operating Cost
Operations cost (Incl. Maintenance and Excl. raw water cost) per Ml/d
2.15%
2.99%
3.39%
R1 448 818
R733 851
R684 353
R58 749
R56 823
R60 910
Maintenance cost (Excl. Capital works) per Ml/d
It is important to note that Swartland Municipality purchase their potable water from the West Coast District
Municipality and therefore operate and maintain no WTWs, other than the filtration plant and the disinfection
plants, therefore the lower Operation and Maintenance unit costs. The detail Operational and Maintenance
Budgets are included in Annexure E.
5.6
DESIGN CAPACITIES AND OPERATING CAPACITIES OF WATER TREATMENT
WORKS
Schematic layouts of the distribution systems are included in Annexure AB. 96.5% Of Swartland
Municipality’s total potable bulk water for 2011/2012 was supplied by the West Coast District Municipality,
through their bulk distribution systems. The water is treated at the Withoogte and Swartland WTWs, which is
operated and maintained by the West Coast District Municipality. Swartland Municipality only operate the
filtration plant for the water supplied from the Perdeberg Dam and the disinfection plants for this water and the
groundwater supplied from the Riverlands boreholes.
West Coast District Municipality: The capacities of the various components of the Withoogte and
Swartland WTWs is summarised in the table below.
Table 5.6.1: Design capacities of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs
Description
Withoogte WTWs
Swartland WTWs
Mm³/a
m³/d
Mm³/a
m³/d
Overall Capacity
26.28
72 000
10.59
29 000
Flocculation
41.17*
112 800*
11.00
30 140
Clarifying
41.17*
112 800*
11.00
30 140
Filtration
26.28
72 000
10.59
29 000
Chlorination
27.01
74 000
10.59
29 000
Note: (*) Withoogte: Design Capacity of Horizontal Flow Sedimentation Tanks is 48 000 m³/d and the design capacity of the Up-flow
Sludge Blanket Clarifiers is 2 Units at 1350 m³/h = 64 800 m³/d
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
69
268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Table 5.6.2: Design capacities and current flows at the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs
Design Capacity
WTW
Current Flow 2012
(AADD)
System Operational
Capacity
Mm³/a
m³/d
m³/d
%
Withoogte
26.28
72 000
49 408
68.6%
Swartland
10.59
29 000
18 296
63.1%
The detail flow records at each of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs are included in Annexure E.
The table below gives a summary of the average monthly flows (m³/d):
Table 5.6.3: Daily operating flows at WTWs (m³/d)
2012
Month
Withoogte
2011
Swartland
Withoogte
2011
Swartland
Withoogte
Swartland
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
January
54 182
50 598
21 101
20 046
51 677
47 944
22 019
20 916
53 770
50 790
21 085
20 163
February
65 385
61 667
25 614
24 302
63 822
59 660
24 911
23 836
59 287
55 996
24 900
23 529
March
54 041
50 351
21 958
20 663
50 060
46 925
21 962
20 991
46 440
43 387
18 969
17 982
April
54 569
50 845
19 674
18 755
50 569
47 423
20 434
19 662
54 922
51 715
20 681
19 447
May
44 919
41 679
15 459
13 937
44 942
42 064
16 086
15 520
40 903
38 554
15 053
14 292
June
45 263
41 806
15 134
13 895
40 127
37 228
14 948
14 438
40 371
36 756
15 703
15 083
July
38 159
35 191
15 660
14 549
41 286
38 274
14 032
13 494
38 551
35 037
14 783
14 112
August
37 414
34 599
15 155
13 864
39 325
36 946
16 723
16 256
36 596
33 723
16 838
16 084
September
44 150
40 557
14 905
13 824
32 281
30 149
15 070
14 531
37 365
34 915
15 758
14 430
October
43 193
40 408
13 997
13 452
43 974
41 399
16 881
16 270
37 844
35 077
15 087
14 447
November
55 297
51 012
19 109
18 385
50 291
46 495
16 137
15 270
46 669
42 908
17 064
16 261
December
56 325
51 967
21 785
19 958
52 022
48 569
19 495
18 762
52 484
47 122
18 791
18 092
Average
49 408
45 890
18 296
17 136
46 584
43 484
18 185
17 458
45 326
42 058
17 842
16 947
Flow meters must be calibrated at least annually. Evidence of calibration certificates or positive displacement
tests is required to be presented at the Blue Drop Assessment.
2016-02-09/Document1/JH
70
ANNEXURE AA
WSP TEAM
AGENDA, ATTENDANCE REGISTER AND RISK METHODOLOGY FOR
DISCUSSION WITH WSP TEAM
ANNEXURE AB
FLOW DIAGRAMS OF THE SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY’S INTERNAL
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
FLOW DIAGRAMS OF THE WEST COAST DM’S BULK WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND WTWS
ANNEXURE AC
LOCALITY MAPS AND AERIAL PHOTOS OF WATER AND SEWER
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS FOR EACH OF THE WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEMS
Figure 1: Locality Map of distribution systems
Figure 2A: Chatsworth / Riverlands distribution system
Figure 2B: Kalbaskraal distribution system
Figure 2C: Abbotsdale distribution system
Figure 2D: Malmesbury distribution system
Figure 2E: Riebeek Wes distribution system
Figure 2F: Riebeek Kasteel distribution system
Figure 2G: Moorreesburg distribution system
Figure 2H: Koringberg distribution system
Figure 2I: Darling distribution system
Figure 2J: Yzerfontein distribution system
Figure 3: Swartland and Withoogte Bulk Distribution Systems
Quaternary Catchments of Swartland Municipality
ANNEXURE AD
FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION DURING THE DOCUMENTATION AND
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS
Malmesbury, Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth
Swartland Bulk System: Malmesbury, Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth, Riebeek
Kasteel, Riebeek Wes, Yzerfontein, Darling
Withoogte Bulk System: Moorreesburg and Koringberg
ANNEXURE AE
EVALUATION OF CATCHMENT AND RAW WATER SOURCES
DISTRIBUTION RISK EVALUATION
ANNEXURE AF
HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS EVENTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE
RISKS
EXISTING CONTROL MEASURES, REASSESSMENT AND
PRIORITIZATION OF THE RISKS
IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN
CAPITAL BUDGET 2013/2014
CONTROL MEASURES OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
ANNEXURE AG
OPERATIONAL SAMPLING PROGRAMME OF THE WEST COAST
DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
COMPLIANCE SAMPLING PROGRAMME OF THE WEST COAST
DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES USED FOR SAMPLING BY THE WEST
COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
ANNEXURE AH
LABORATORY DETAILS: ACCREDITATION, PROFICIENCY AND USE OF
RESULTS
WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY’S PROFICIENCY TESTING
PROGRAMME
ANNEXURE AI
WATER AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES
DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND DISASTER RESPONSE
FLOWCHART
INCIDENT REGISTER
ANNEXURE AJ
EXISTING CONTROL MEASURE SHEETS AND WORK SCHEDULES
Form ………….: …………….
ANNEXURE B
CLASSIFICATION CERTIFICATES OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT
MUNICIPALITY’S WTWs
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATES FO RPOCESS CONTROLLERS AND
SUPERVISORS FOR THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY’S
WTWS
ANNEXURE C
COMPLIANCE SAMPLE RESULTS
COMPLIANCE MONITORING PARAMETERS (SANS 241: 2011 DRINKING
WATER SPECIFICATIONS)
ANNEXURE D
WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE WEST
COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT WITH THE WEST COAST DISTRICT
MUNICIPALITY
ANNEXURE E
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PIPE REPLACEMENT STUDY
ASSET REGISTER 2011-2012
UPDATED ORGANOGRAM AND MAINTENANCE TEAMS FOR
SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY
UPDATED ORGANOGRAM AND MAINTENANCE TEAMS FOR THE WEST
COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
CAPABILITY STATEMENTS OF EXTERNAL CONTRACTORS
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS FOR FILTRATION
PLANT, DISINFECTION PLANT AND PUMP STATIONS
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE BUDGET FOR WATER SERVICES
WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY’S WTWs FLOWS
REFERENCES

DWA’s Blue Drop 2011 Assessment Report, South African Drinking Water Quality
Management Performance.

DWA’s Blue Drop Handbook

An Illustrated Guide to Basic Water Purification Operations, User Manual Release 1.0,
WRC Report No. TT 247/05.

The Development of a Generic Water Safety Plan for Small Community Water Supply,
Peter Thompson & Sameera Majam, WRC Report TT 415/09.

Water Safety Plan Manual Step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers,
World Health Organization, Geneva, 2009.

Water Safety Plans, Managing drinking-water quality from catchment to consumer, Water,
Sanitation and Health Protection and the Human Environment World Health Organization
Geneva 2005.

Prioritising quaternary catchments for invasive alien plant control within the fynbos and
karoo biomes of the Western Cape Province, CSIR Report No.
CSIR/NRE/ECO/ER/2009/0094/B, May 2009.

A Drinking Water Quality Framework for South Africa, Minimum Requirements for Blue
Drop Certification, Edition 4, May 2009, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.

Swartland Municipality’s Water Distribution System Pipe Replacement Study, April 2013,
GLS Consulting.

Swartland Municipality Water Master Plan, July 2008, GLS Consulting

West Coast District Municipality Disaster Management Plan, November 2007, Africon in
association with Pragmatix Africa Consultants.

West Coast District Municipality Blue Water Services Performance Report (Include Water
Safety Plan), 28 November 2011, WorleyParsons.

Service Delivery Agreement between Saldanha Bay Municipality and Swartland
Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality and West Coast District Municipality, Mallinicks.

Swartland Municipality’s Medium Term Revenue and Expenditure Framework, A-Schedules
2013/14 to 2015/16