Sommereksamen 2014
Titel på kursus:
Uddannelse:
Semester:
Eksamensdato:
Tid:
Bedømmelsesform
Reproduktionsorganernes endokrinologi
Bacheloruddannelsen i Medicin/Medicin med industriel
specialisering
4. semester
4. juni 2014
kl. 09.00 - 11.00
7-trins-skala
Vigtige oplysninger:
 Husk at opgive studienummer – ikke navn og cpr.nr. – på alle ark, der skal medtages
i bedømmelsen
 Husk at aflevere besvarelsen, også hvis du forlader eksamen, før den er slut
 Ordbøger er til rådighed i lokalet
 Øvrige hjælpemidler er ikke tilladt
 Det er tilladt at skrive besvarelsen på dansk eller engelsk
 Ingen former for kommunikation er tilladt
 Giv dig tid til at organisere dine tanker så du kan skrive logisk og forklare processerne
i rigtig rækkefølge. Prøv at skrive kortfattet.
 Skriv ikke information, som ikke er relevant ift. spørgsmålet.
 Du har ikke brug for ekstra papir, da der er rigeligt med plads på eksamenssættet.
 Skriv tydeligt og ved besvarelsen af MCQ opgaver, brug bogstaver og ikke krydser.
1
1
Describe what secretions make up ejaculate and what are their major
characteristics
1. Testicular secretion
 Small proportion, acidic from Sertoli cells
2. Secretion from seminal vesicles,
 70%, fructose
3. Secretion from prostate,
 30%, alkaline
4. Secretion from bulbourethral gland,
 small proportion, mucine
Max points : 8
Obtained points
2
Which one of the following is involved in the molecular events
leading to erection?
A Acetylcholine
B Norepinephrine
C Serotonine
D Dopamine
E Nitrous oxide
Max points : 1
Obtained points
Which one of the following molecules is not involved in blastocyt
adhesion and implantation?
A Integrin
B Cadherin
C Selectin
D Fibronectin
E Laminin
Max points : 1
Obtained points
A
3
2
B
4
During synthesis of sex hormones, changes that are specific for a
particular position or part of molecule take place. Describe chemical
modifications at following locations. You may use a drawing.
1. C17 of pregnenolone
Hydroxylation
2. C3 of pregnenolone
Dehydrogenation/oxidation
3. First ring of androgens on path to estrogens
Aromatization
4. First ring of testosterone to increase its activity
Reduction
Max points : 4
5
Obtained points
Name four methods of barrier contraception.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Condom, female condom, cervical cap, diaphragm, contraceptive sponge
Max points : 4
Obtained points
6
Which one of the following is involved in relaxation of penile
trabecular muscles?
A Inhibition of NO2 synthase
B Inhibition of guanylate cyclase
C Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
D Activation of calcium flux
E Activation of myosin phosphorylation
Max points : 1
Obtained points
3
C
7 Erection results from one of the following:
A Relaxation of arteriae helicinae penis
B Relaxation of arteria dorsalis penis
C Contraction of arteria dorsalis penis
D Relaxation of arteria profunda penis
E Contraction of arteriae helicinae penis
Max points : 1
8
A
Obtained points
Regarding the emergency contraceptive (EC) pills (morning-after pills)
answer the following:
Name the types of EC pills based on their hormonal contents
1. Progestin-only pills
2. Combined progestin and estrogen pills
Name two mechanisms through which the EC pills exert their effect
1.
2.
Disruption of ovulation, fertilization, implantation
Name two side effects associated with EC pills
1. Nausea, vomiting
2. Progestogen withdrawal bleeding
Max points : 6
9
Obtained points
Describe major steps of in vitro fertilization (IVF) long protocol.
1. Suppression of gonadotropins
2. Superovulation using gonadotropin preparations
3. Withdrawal of mature eggs and their fertilization
4. Insertion of the best embryo in uterus
Max points : 4
Obtained points
4
10
Which one of the following is correct with respect to the duration
of first meiotic division of primary spermatocyte?
A 3 days
B 3 weeks
C 3 months
D 3 years
E 30 years
Max points : 1
Obtained points
11
B
Which two substances activate Sertoli cells and through which substance
the Sertoli cells accomplish negative feedback?
1. FSH + testosterone
2. Inhibin
Max points : 3
12
Obtained points
Name muscles that constitute pelvic diaphragm.
1. M. pubococcygeus/illiococcygeus (levator ani)
2. M. coccygeus
Max points : 2
13
Obtained points
Describe the effect of estrogen antagonist (Clomiphene) at hypothalamus.
Stimulation of gonadotropins
Max points : 1
Obtained points
5
14
Topic: Hormonal contraception
Options:
Decrease incidence of ovarian and endometrial cancer
A
Increase incidence of ovarian and endometrial cancer
B
Slightly decrease incidence of breast cancer
C
Slightly increased incidence of breast cancer
D
Have no effect on incidence of breast cancer
E
Decrease risk of deep vein thrombosis
F
Increase risk of deep vein thrombosis
G
Have no effect on deep vein thrombosis
H
Are associated with a higher incidence of breakthrough (midcycle) bleeding
I
May reduce amount of breast milk
J
Lead in:
For each of the items below identify the most appropriate item/items
from the list above.
Progestogen only contraceptives
E, H, I, J
Combined contraceptives
A, D, G
Max points: 7
15
Obtained points
Name male internal and external sex organs (genitalia).
Internal: Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ductus ejaculatorius,
prostate, bulbourethral gland, urethra
External: Penis, scrotum
Max points : 8
Obtained points
16
In flaccid state, the dominant signaling is for the penis provided
from one of the following:
A Plexus lumbalis
B Plexus sacralis
C Plexus hypogastricus inferior
D Plexus epigastricus
E Plexus hypogastricus superior
Max points : 1
Obtained points
6
E
17
What is processus vaginalis and what is its vestige?
1. Peritoneal outpouching associated with a descent of testis
2. Tunica vaginalis
Max points : 2
18
Obtained points
Give four examples of secondary sex characteristics and explain the
difference between the males and females.
1. Hair – body, face, scalp
2. Larynx/voice
3. Muscle mass and strength
4. Fat mass and distribution – higher women, around buttock, thighs, hips
Waist to hip ratio, low in women
Max points : 4
Obtained points
Total 59 points
7