Birth Control &
Family Planning
Birth Control Methods
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Condoms (male and female)
Spermicidal Foam or Jelly
Speculum
Vaginal Contraceptive Film
Birth Control Pills
Orthro-Evra® Patch
Nuva Ring®
Depo-Provera® Information
IUD (Intrauterine Device)
Emergency Contraception –Plan B
Birth Control Pills
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Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy
Pills are safe and effective when taken
properly
Pills are over 99% effective
Women must have a pap smear to get a
prescription for birth control pills
How does the pill work?
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Stops ovulation
Thins uterine lining
Thickens cervical mucus
Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills
 Prevents
pregnancy
 Eases menstrual
cramps
 Shortens period
 Regulates period
Decreases
incidence of
ovarian cysts
Prevents
ovarian and
uterine cancer
Decreases acne
Side-effects
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Breast
tenderness
Nausea
Increase in
headaches
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Moodiness
Weight change
Spotting
Blood Clots
Taking the Pill
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Once a day at the same time everyday
Use condoms for first month
Use condoms when on antibiotics
Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a
pill or take one late
The pill offers no protection from
STD’s
Spermicides:
Contraceptive foam, gels,
suppositories, and film contain
chemicals that kill sperm.
 They are inserted into the vagina
before intercourse and should be
used with a condom.
 75%-80% effective if used alone
 98% effective if used with condom
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Spermicides-Side Effects
Allergic reaction
 Burning or irritation
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BARRIER METHOD
Prevents pregnancy blocks the
egg and sperm from meeting
 Barrier methods have higher
failure rates than hormonal
methods due to design and
human error
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MALE CONDOM
Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%
 Typical effectiveness rate = 88%
 Latex and polyurethane condoms
are available
 Combining condoms with
spermicides raises effectiveness
levels to 99%
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MALE CONDOM
Thin membrane made of latex,
polyurethane or sheepskin that fits
over the erect penis to catch semen
when the male ejaculates.
Condoms protect against some STI’s and
unwanted pregnancy.
Have a reservoir tip to collect semen at
ejaculation
How to Use a Male
Condom
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Check package for expiration date
Open package carefully (not with teeth!)
Use a water based lubricate if needed
Put condom on before you begin to have sexual
intercourse-before penis touches other person
Place the unrolled condom on the head of the erect
penis.
With one hand squeeze the air out of the tip of the
condom, and with the other hand unroll the condom to
the base of the penis
After ejaculation, before the penis becomes limp,
withdrawal the penis holding the rim of the condom to
the base of the penis
Dispose of used condom in trash, not toilet!
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FEMALE CONDOM
Made as an alternative to male
condoms
Polyurethane
Physically inserted in the vagina
Perfect rate = 95%
Typical rate = 79%
Woman can use female condom if
partner refuses
Female Condom
Depo-Provera
Birth control shot given once every
three months to prevent pregnancy
 99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
 No daily pills to remember
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How does the shot work?
Stops ovulation
 Stops menstrual cycles!!
 Thickens cervical mucus
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SIDE EFFECTS
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Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding
and spotting for 3-6 months!
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NO PERIOD  after 3-6 months
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Weight change
Breast tenderness
Mood change
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*NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!
NuvaRing
Flexible contraceptive vaginal ring
that contains the hormones
estrogen and progesterone.
 The ring releases a continuous
low dose of hormones that stops
the ovaries from releasing an egg
each month.
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NuvaRing
Insert the ring in the vagina and
leave it there for three weeks
 Remove the ring for one-week
ring-free period, on the same day
of the week at about the same
time. During the one-week break,
you will usually have your
menstrual period.
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Side effects
Possible side effects are the same
as birth control pills.
 They may include breast
tenderness, headache, nausea,
and spotting. Most side effects
are not serious and often go
away.
 Women who use hormonal
contraception should not smoke
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Ortho Evra (The Patch)
Transdermal contraceptive patch
that contains estrogen and
progesterone
 The patch is thin, beige, flexible ,
two inch square that is worn on
the body.
 The increased hormone level
caused by the patch stops the
ovaries from releasing an egg
each month
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How it works
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99% effective
Apply patch one week on the same day each
week for three weeks
Can wear it on bottom, abdomen, torso, or on
the outside of your upper arm
During week four do not wear the patch(your
period will begin)
Side effects
Breast tenderness
 Headache
 Skin irritation
 Nausea
 Increases blood clot
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Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception
pills can reduce the
chance of a pregnancy by
89% if taken within 72
hours of unprotected sex!
What is it?
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Emergency contraception (EC) is a
safe and effective way to prevent
pregnancy after unprotected
intercourse. It can be started up
to five days (120 hours) after
unprotected intercourse.
How does it work?
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The hormones in the morning after pill work
by keeping a woman's ovaries from releasing
eggs — ovulation. Pregnancy cannot happen
if there is no egg to join with sperm. The
hormones in the morning after pill also
prevent pregnancy by thickening a woman's
cervical mucus. The mucus blocks sperm and
keeps it from joining with an egg.
How do I take it?
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Taken within a 72 hour period it is 89% effective
If taken after 72 hours it is 75% effective
Can be taken up to 5 days after intercourse but
is more effective if taken
Plan B can be taken in one dose or two doses. If
you take it in two doses, take the second pill 12
hours after the first pill. Or simply take them
both at the same time. It's your choice.
When you take birth control pills as emergency
contraception, you must take the pills in two
doses, 12 hours apart. The number of pills in
each dose depends on the brand of the pill. You
must use the same brand of pill for each dose.
When should I use it?
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The condom broke or slipped off, and he
ejaculated in your vagina.
You forgot to take your birth control pills,
insert your ring, or apply your patch.
Your diaphragm or cap slipped out of place,
and he ejaculated inside your vagina.
You miscalculated your "safe" days.
He didn't pull out in time.
You weren't using any birth control.
You were forced to have unprotected vaginal
sex, or were raped.
Emergency Contraception
(ECP)
Plan B is available from drugstores and
health centers without a prescription
for women and men 17 and older.
If you are interested in getting Plan B
and are 17 or older, you can either get
it directly from a Planned Parenthood
health center or from your local
drugstore.
If you are younger than 17, you'll need to
go to a health center or private health
care provider for a prescription.
WITHDRAWAL
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Removal of penis from the vagina before
ejaculation occurs
NOT a sufficient method of birth control
by itself
Effectiveness rate is 80%
– is not recommended for teens and sexually
inexperienced men because it takes lots of
experience before a man can be sure to know
when he's going to ejaculate
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Very difficult for a male to ‘control’
How effective is it?
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Of every 100 women whose partners use
withdrawal, 4 will become pregnant each
year if they always do it correctly.
Of every 100 women whose partners use
withdrawal, 27 will become pregnant
each year if they don't always do it
correctly.
Pregnancy is also possible if semen or
pre-ejaculate is spilled on the vulva.
Natural Family Planning &
Fertility Awareness Method
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Women take a class on the menstrual cycle
to calculate more fertile times
Requires special equipment and cannot be
self-taught
NFP abstains from sex during the
calculated fertile time
FAM uses barrier methods during fertile
time
Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
Typical effectiveness rate = 75%
No 100% safe day-irregular periods
EXCELLENT REFERENCE SEE:
www.plannedparenthood.org
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