NAME of CM: Catherine B. Demesa
PREPARATION: M1U2S3 and M1U2S7
DATE:
PROGRAM:
September 13, 2010
PEP2
Assignment #1 - Module 1, Unit 2, Session 3: Identifying Secondary Research (10 Points)
Using your university’s library, UTEP’s online library and the Internet find at least three articles based on
secondary research. The articles should describe an important threat to biodiversity at your Pride
campaign site, what a possible strategy might be to reduce that threat and identify any organizations
that work anywhere in the world on similar threats and/or strategies.
If you cannot find information on your site, use a similar site that faces similar threats. Use information
in the Reader on how to take notes and how to write a summary. You will have approximately 2.5 hours
of “lecture” time to try to find references under the supervision of Rare staff.
Once you have found the articles you will hand in the following:
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notes that you took while conducting your research;
copy of each of the articles;
proper citation for each article.
Marking Criteria will be based on:
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
Comprehensiveness (5 Points)
Research abilities (5 Points)
Assignment #2 - Module 1, Unit 2, Session 7: Writing an Executive Summary (15 Points)
Draw upon the lessons you learned in this session and write a brief narrative (250 words). Using one
of the three articles you selected in the previous assignment around Identifying Secondary Research,
explain how it is a threat to biodiversity at your own Pride campaign site Your target audience for this
summary is your fellow Campaign Managers. These documents will be shared amongst your peers to
increase collective learning on the shared threats that face your communities.
This assignment will continue to build your writing skills, knowledge and comprehension of the threats
that face your site and will later support your Project Plan’s Site Summary.
Your summary must include the following:
 Adherence to the template and instructions covered during this session
 A narrative which speaks to the targeted audience, in this case your fellow campaign managers
 Comprehension of the threat and article supported by the written summary
You will be able to submit multiple drafts for this assignment as deemed by your Regional Pride Program
Managers. The final draft will be the document that is graded for 15 points.
PREPARATION:
Socioeconomic Conditions and Governance in the Atulayan Bay Marine Protected Area
Author: Raul G. Bradecina (Partido State University)
MPA name: Atulayan Marine Protected Area
 Location: Atulayan Island, Sagnay, Camarines Sur in Lagonoy gulf
 Legal basis: Municipal Ordinance No.93-001
 Year established: 1993
 Purpose: Protection of fishery resources and rehabilitation of marine habitat in Atulayan Island.
 Size: marine sanctuary (70.36 ha) and a reserve (72.28 ha)
Socio-economic condition:
 Number of fishers: 80% of 65 Total household
 Average household size: >5
 Resources: Corals
 Gears used by the fishers: hand lines, gillnets, spearguns, bagnets
 Average daily fish catch: 3.95 kg/day
 Average minimum income from fishing is Php 48.00/day
Governance situation: Not functioning
o Lack of budget
o Lack of enforcement
 Threats: compressor fishing, dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing, blast fishing
 Recommendations by the author: Strategies to reduce the these threats
o Reduction in fishing effort
o Collection of fee for using the resources
o Empowerment of women (lessen the frequency of pregnancy)
o More opportunity for the children of fishers to finish college
o Establish community enterprise
o Banning of non-resident fishing in the area
Lessons: Atulayan MPA contributes to improve condition of marine habitat but no significant
change in the well-being of fishers. There’s a need to improve the delivery of social services and
infrastructures to the community (Bradecina, 2008).
CITATION:
Bradecina, R.G. (2008). Socioeconomic Conditions and Governance in the Atulayan Bay
Marine Protected Area. Kuroshio Science 2-1, 85-92. Retrieved September 11, 2010, from
https://ir.kochi-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10126/3167/1/085BradecinaRG.pdf
UNDERSTANDING FISHERY-TOURISM INTERACTION IN MARINE SANCTUARIES: A CRITICAL ISSUE IN
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Enrique G. Oracion, Department of Sociology and Anthropology Silliman University
Marc L. Miller and Patrick C. Christie School of Marine Affairs University of Washington
Primary data: household economic study (Pomeroy, Oracion, Caballes & Pollnac, 2002)
MPA name:
Location:
Twin Rocks Marine Sanctuary
Sitio Balanoy, Barangay San Teodoro, Mabini, Batangas in Balayan bay
Issues:
 Conflict between Fishery systems vs. Tourism systems
 use and access over resources
 What is happening: Benefits not equitably distributed
o Workers coming from tourism-related industry earn well compared to fishers.
o Fishers were not allowed to fish in various diving sites in the area.
o From the perspective of local people, resort owners were the one benefitting most from
marine sanctuary.
Recommendations to resolve the conflict:
o Come up with co-governance strategy wherein all various stakeholders are involved in drafting
policies and regulations on how to use and manage the area.
o Good planning and management of fisheries resources and resource base.
o Maintain and strengthen broad community support – both from fishery and tourism systems.
Assisting external organization: Haribon Foundation, the Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas (KKP) and the
Sulu Fund for Marine Conservation Foundation, Inc. (SFMCFI)
Lessons:
o The establishment of Twin Rocks Marine Sanctuary shows reduction in incidence of cyanide
fishing, dynamite fishing and intrusion of commercial fishers in municipal water. This resulted
to improve the health of the coral and increase fish stock in the area. (source: perception survey
and fish and reef survey).
o Local community people who were involved in establishing and managing MPA must be one of
the primary beneficiaries from ecotourism development.
I have known two people who knows well about Balanoy and other diving sites in Balayan bay. They said Lamit bay
is more beautiful than that of Balayan bay. There’s a possibility that tourism industry will flourish in the Pride
Campaign Site. This is one of the threats being considered. It is now happening in Caramoan, the adjacent town of
Tinambac and Lagonoy. There is a need to ensure that the local people who actively participated in the
establishment and management of AGCA Sanctuary (Pride Campaign site) will be the primary beneficiaries from
ecotourism development in the area.
CITATION:
Oracion, E. F., Millaer, M.L., & Christie, P.C. (n.d.). Understanding Fishery-Tourism Interaction In
Marine Sanctuaries: A Critical Issue In Coastal Management Retrieved September 11, 2010, from
http://www.aseanenvironment.info/Abstract/43004285.pdf
Learning from the case of the San Salvador Island (Philippines) Marine Protected Area
Author: Patrick C. Christie School of Marine Affairs University of Washington
MPA name: San Salvador Marine Sanctuary
Location: San Salvador Island, Masinloc Zambales
 Year established: 1989
 Size of NTZ: 127 ha
Threats before the establishment of MPA:
o Use of explosive, sodium cyanide and fine mesh nets in fishing
o Collection of aquarium fish
o Compressor fishing
o Swidden upland agriculture/logging cuasing siltation
Result of establishing MPA during 1989 to 1999:
o Increase in species density
o Increase in species richness
o Improve percentage live coral cover
Recommendations from the author: Strategies to reduce the threat
o Improve MPA governance by encouraging participation and support from local fishers
and local government.
o Consider the economic issues in changing the behavior of fishers to avoid alienation.
Pride campaign site:
Lessons from San Salvador MPA (and even experience from MPAs in Bolinao Pangasinan) were carefully
considered when NSLC, Inc assisted in the facilitation of AGCA Marine Sanctuary in Lamit Bay.
Knowledge + Attitidue + IC are vital to sustain MPA management – this is not only at initial stage but
should be continuous and replicating
CITATION:
Christie, P. C. (2000, October). Learning from the case of the San Salvador Island (Philippines)
Marine Protected Area. Proceedings 9th International Coral Reef Symposium. Bali,
Indonesia Vol. 2 (pp. 23-27). Retrieved September 11, 2010 from
http://www.coremap.or.id/downloads/ICRS9th-Christie.pdf
PREPARATION: M1U2S7 Assignment
Learning from the case of the San Salvador Island (Philippines) Marine Protected Area
This paper summarizes the lessons from San Salvador Island MPA, the first MPA in Luzon, Philippines.
The paper was presented at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium in Bali, Indonesia last October
2000. Christie (2000) discussed how the concerted effort of local people, government and assisting
institution resulted to significant change in marine biodiversity in the Island. He also emphasizes the
importance of good governance and buy-in of broad community support in sustaining MPA.
Christie (2000) reported an increase in volume of fish by 299% in 1989 to 1999; increase in diversity of
fish (family level) by 147% in 1988 to 1998; and increase in percentage live coral cover by 247% in 1988
to 1998. However, these positive changes were not maintained and MPA got back to its original state
due to various factors that weakens its governance. There had been lapses in soliciting wide community
participation which resulted in various conflicts within community leaders and constituents especially
when the assisting NGO phase out from the area and the leadership at the local level had changed.
The paper clearly shows that an enforced MPA can indeed reduce the threats and improve the health of
marine habitat. However, for this conservation success to be sustained Christie (2000) underscores the
importance of “community organization and education and the support from local and national
governmental institutions for the long term sustainability of resource management regime” (p. 4).
In summary, conservation strategies must be coupled with social marketing strategies to ensure
conservation success.
REFERENCES:
Christie, P. C. (2000, October). Learning from the case of the San Salvador Island (Philippines)
Marine Protected Area. Proceedings 9th International Coral Reef Symposium. Bali,
Indonesia Vol. 2 (pp. 23-27). Retrieved September 11, 2010 from
http://www.coremap.or.id/downloads/ICRS9th-Christie.pdf