PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Study Guide
Name:________________________________________________________ per____
1.
DNA and RNA are both polymers. What is the name for this type of polymer and what do
we call the monomer that makes them up?
Polymer- nucleic acid
Monomer- nucleotides
2. What are the three types of RNA.
Messenger, ribosomal and transfer
3. Place a checkmark in the box if the statement applies to that kind of RNA.
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Made in the nucleus
Used in protein production
X
X
X
X
Carries amino acids
Makes up a ribosome
X
X
Nucleic Acid
Has Codons
X
X
X
X
X
X
Has Anticodons
Made of nucleotides
X
X
X
X
4. Describe the following: (including what is being made and where it occurs)
a. Replication
DNA  DNA (IN NUCLEUS)
b. Transcription
DNA RNA
(IN NUCLEUS)
c.
Translation
RNA PROTEIN (IN CYTOPLASM ON RIBOSOME)
5. Be as specific and complete as possible. How does DNA code for a protein?
Many possibilities- an example of how to start…
Small pieces of DNA called genes hold the code for making individual proteins. When the cell
needs to make that protein, an enzyme unzips the gene and makes a copy of the code in a piece of
mRNA. (This copy must be made because DNA is not allowed to leave the nucleus but mRNA is)
The mRNA then goes out to the cytoplasm to join up with a ribosome (made of rRNA) Here, the
ribosome puts the amino acids together in the correct order etc…
If any of these lines of code are known, the others can be determined:
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
protein
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
protein
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
protein
TAC
AUG
UAC
ATG
UAC
AUG
CTA GGT ATC GCT CAC GGT
GAU CCA UAG CGA GUG CCA
CUA GGU AUC GCU CAC GGU
Methionine Tyrosine Aspartate Proline
ATG
UAC
AUG
Tyrosine
TAC
AUG
UAC
TAC
AUG
UAC
Fill in the blanks.
STOP Arginine Valine Proline
GAT CCA TAG CGA GTG CCA
CUA GGU AUC GCU CAC GGU
GAU CCA UAG CGA GUG CCA
Methionine Leucine Glycine Isoleucine Alanine Histidine glycine
ATG
UAC
AUG
CTA GGT ATC GCT CAC GGT
GAU CCA UAG CGA GUG CCA
CUA GGU AUC GCU CAC GGU
Methionine Tyrosine Aspartate Proline
STOP Arginine Valine Proline
1. What are the 3 base sections of mRNA called?_______codons________
2. What are the 3 base sections of tRNA called?________anticodons__________________
3. What do you notice about DNA and tRNA? Why could you have predicted this?
They are both complementary to the mRNA, so they are the same except for the U’s and T’s
4. In table one, you use the DNA blueprint of bases to make RNA. This is called ___transcription___________
5. You then make a string of amino acids to form a __protein______________.
6. What is that process called (when you join amino acids using the RNA as a blueprint?)translation