DNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Study Guide
Name:________________________________________________________ per____
1.
DNA and RNA are both polymers. What is the name for this type of polymer and
what do we call the monomer that makes them up?
Polymer- nucleic acid
Monomer- nucleotides
2. What are the three types of RNA.
Messenger, ribosomal and transfer
3. Place a checkmark in the box if the statement applies to that kind of RNA.
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Made in the nucleus
Used in protein production
X
X
X
X
Carries amino acids
Makes up a ribosome
X
X
Nucleic Acid
Has Codons
X
X
X
X
X
X
Has Anticodons
Made of nucleotides
X
4. Describe the following: (including what is being made and where it occurs)
a. Replication
DNA  DNA (IN NUCLEUS)
b. Transcription
DNA RNA
(IN NUCLEUS)
c.
X
X
X
Translation
RNA PROTEIN (IN CYTOPLASM ON RIBOSOME)
Remember: What order do the above processes occur in?
Transcription before Translation (Replication is independent)




5. Be as specific and complete as possible. How does DNA code for a protein?
The order of nucleotides in a gene (DNA) carries a code of what order to put amino
acids in to make a protein.
Since DNA can’t leave the nucleus, it must be TRANSCRIBED into a strand of mRNA.
mRNA then leaves the nucleus to meet up with the ribosome (rRNA). The ribosome
“reads” the code by allowing tRNA molecules to add amino acids to the chain one by one
in the correct order.
tRNA’s float around in the nucleus carrying their specific amino acid waiting to be
“called on” by the ribosome. Once the ribosome is on the CODON (mRNA) that matches
the tRNA’s ANTICODON, it will match up (codon to anticodon) and transfer it’s amino
acid from the tRNA to the amino acid chain.
If any of these lines of code are known, the others can be determined:
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
protein
TAC
ATG
CTA
GGT
AUG
UAC
GAU
CCA
UAC
AUG
CUA
GGU
Methionine Tyrosine Aspartate Proline
Fill in the blanks.
ATC
UAG
AUC
STOP
GCT
CGA
GCU
Arginine
CAC
GUG
CAC
Valine
GGT
CCA
GGU
Proline
DNA
mRNA
ATG
UAC
TAC
AUG
GAT
CUA
CCA
GGU
TAG
AUC
CGA
GCU
GTG
CAC
CCA
GGU
tRNA
protein
AUG
Tyrosine
UAC
Methionine
GAU
CCA
UAG
CGA
GUG
CCA
Leucine
Glycine
Isoleucine
Alanine
Histidine
glycine
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
TAC
AUG
UAC
ATG
UAC
AUG
CTA
GAU
CUA
GGT
CCA
GGU
ATC
UAG
AUC
GCT
CGA
GCU
CAC
GUG
CAC
GGT
CCA
GGU
protein
Methionine
Tyrosine
Aspartate
Proline
STOP
Arginine
Valine
Proline
1. What are the 3 base sections of mRNA called?_______codons________
2. What are the 3 base sections of tRNA called?________anticodons__________________
3. What do you notice about DNA and tRNA? Why could you have predicted this?
They are both complementary to the mRNA, so they are the same except for the U’s and T’s
4. In table one, you use the DNA blueprint of bases to make RNA. This is called transcription.
5. You then make a string of amino acids to form a __protein______________.
6. What is that process called (when you join amino acids using the RNA as a blueprint?)
translation