Citations
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Referencing Works
Introducing Quotes
Incite Citations: Parenthetical References
Works Cited
POEMS, SHORT STORIES, & BOOKS
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You ALWAYS put the titles of poems and short stories in “QUOTES”
o Example: “Still I Rise,” “The Road Not Taken,” “The Lottery”
o You also put the titles of article in quotes.
You ALWAYS UNDERLINE or ITALICIZE the title of books
o Example: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; The Perks of Being a Wallflower
INTRODUCING QUOTES: 3 POSSIBLE WAYS
In (poem, short story, book title)(comma)(author/narrator/character’s name) (verb)
(comma):
• In “The Rules of the Game,” the narrator Waverly says, “…”
• In (author’s name /work) (comma) (work title) (comma) (he/she) (verb)
• In Amy Tan’s short story, “The Rules of the Game,” the narrator Waverly states “…”
OR JUST
• (The narrator, character) (verb)
• Waverly exclaims, “…”
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SOME STRONG VERBS TO USE:
depicts, shows, focuses on, illuminates, states, explains, exclaims
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Remember: you can always use Dictionary.com to find great synonyms to replace hackneyed, or
overused words.
TYPES OF CITATION:
MLA = ENGLISH
APA = SCIENCE
INCIITE CITATIONS: PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE
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When you are taking someone else’s words directly from a work make sure you cite!
Incite Citations: When you are using a quote inside your own writing.
MLA option: Parenthetical Reference = using a parenthesis inside your writing. This replaces the
footnote.
• Example: Waverly states, “I learned why it is essential in the endgame to have foresight.”
(Tan, 82)
• ***** Make sure the period goes before the end quote.
• ***** Open parenthesis, insert the author’s last name, insert a comma and write the
page number the direct quote was found in. If the quote is found on multiple pages
simply include a dash. Example: (Tan, 82-83).
WORKS CITED
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A works cited usually belongs at the end of a completed essay or research paper
The last page of the essay is dedicated to the works cited.
The last page is titled: Works Cited
Here you list all of the books or reference materials that you cited in your essay
Another word for this is Bibliography, but in a bibliography you include all works you read to help
you come up with your thesis, conclusions, etc., even if they are not cited.
The works must also be alphabetical
EXAMPLE:
Works Cited
Adams, Robert M. “Brautigan Was Here.” The New York Review of Books. (1971): 24-26. Web.
Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” Falling Into Theory. Ed. David Richter. Boston, MA:
Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1978. 253-257. Print.
Barthes, Roland. The Pleasure of the Text. Trans. Richard Miller. New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 1975. Print.
Brautigan, Richard. Revenge of The Lawn. The Abortion. So the Wind Won’t Blow it All Away. New York, NY:
Hougton Mifflin Company. 1971, 1995. Print.
EXAMPLE:
Tan, Amy. “Rules of the Game.” A Book of short stories 2: Perspectives in Literature. 3rd Edition. Orlando:
Holt Rinehart and Winston Inc, 1983. 79-89. Print.
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Last name, First name (of author of the short story) period. Title of short story (in quotation
marks – if it is a book, the title has to be underlined or italicized. Title of the book that the short
story was found in (since this is a book, it needs to be underlined or italicized). Edition. City of
publication: Publisher, year of copywrite. Page numbers (separated by a dash). Print or Website (if
Website insert link here).
HELPFUL WEBSITES:
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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
Son of Citation Machine:
citationmachine.net/