DNA
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DNA replication is when ______________________ during this phase of the cell
cycle__________________
_____________________ are made up of phosphates, nitrogenous bases and deoxyribose.
During _______________, DNA codes to make mRNA.
During ________________ , new DNA is made.
A point mutation will involve one ________ that is an error which will code for a mutation.
________________ from mRNA to tRNA takes place in the cytoplasm.
This person was responsible for discovering the base-pair rule.______________________
__________________________ died at a young age from working unprotected with xrays.
Adenine pairs with ____________ in RNA
Adenine pairs with _____________ in DNA.
A purine always must pair with a _________________.
The 3 differences between RNA and DNA are:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
13. _________________ is an enzyme that will help to add nucleotide bases to the exposed
nitrogen base during the DNA replication.
14. These individuals, ____________ and ____________ discovered the double helix structure of
DNA.
15. The DNA molecule unzips at the _______________ _____________________.
16. The enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA molecule in preparation for replication is
__________ ______________.
17. ___________________________ a microbiologist who accidentally discovered how one strain of
bacteria transformed another strain of bacteria.
18. _________________ is the RNA form that is responsible for bringing the DNA code to the
ribosome for protein synthesis.
19. __________________ is the RNA form that is responsible for bringing specific proteins to the
ribosome to be added to a chain of polypeptides for protein synthesis.
20. The nitrogenous base, Cytosine will join Guanine as a __________________ base pair.
21. This type of mutation is the type that is passed down from one generation to the next.
___________________.
22. _________________________ is the enzyme that DNA uses to release the tension on the helix’s
coil, so it does not twist in on itself while the other end is uncoiling.
23. _________________________________ is a mutation that effects the codons by shifting the
code one way or the other on the DNA strand so the letters of the codon are offset.
24. An ___________________ is a sequence of DNA that codes for nothing.
25. The tRNA brings ___________________________ to the ribosome to create a new protein.
26. These types of bonds keep the nitrogenous base pairs connected. _________________
27. A _________________ _____________ is the exact place on the DNA where the helix uncoils.
28. _______________ _________________ is an enzyme that adds links of complementary RNA
nucleotides as it reads a gene during transcription.
29. A nucleotide sequence that is complementary to mRNA codon is called
____________________.
30. The only start codon in mRNA to start protein synthesis is the codon _____________.
31. The start codon adds the amino acid _______________________ as the first amino acid in the
protein synthesis process.
32. There are 3 stop codons which are very similar to one another. They are:
_________________
_____________________
______________
33. In transcription the molecule being formed is _________________________
Genetic Mutation Worksheet
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There are several types of genetic mutations. List tow. What do they have in common? How
are they different? Give an example of each.
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A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the protein coded by a gene.
What do you think is the most likely type of mutation in this gene? Why
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Name one amino acid that has more than one codon. Name an amino acid that has only one
codon.
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Look at the following sequence: THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT. Delete the first H and regroup the
letters in groups of three. Write out the new groups of three. Does the sentence still make
sense? What type of mutation is this an example of?
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You have a DNA sequence that codes for a protein and is 105 nucleotides long. A frameshift
mutation occurs at the 85th base. How many amino acids will be correct in this protein.
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Given the following three mRNA sequences 2 code for the same protein. Which two?
1. AGU UUA GCA ACG AGA UCA
2. UCG CUA GCG ACC AGU UCA
3. AGC CUC GCC ACU CGU AGU
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7. Below is the base sequence for the normal protein for the normal hemoglobin and base
sequence for the sickle cell hemoglobin.
Normal: GGG CTT CTT TTT
SICKLE: GGG CAT CTT TTT
A. Transcribe and translate the normal and sickle cell DNA.
B. Identify this as a point or frameshift mutation, explain your answer.
C. If the base sequence read GGG CTT CTT AAA instead, would this result in a sickle cell
hemoglobin? Explain your answer.
DNA/RNA/Protein synthesis review guide.
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
What is the basic structure of DNA?
3. What are the four possible nitrogen bases DNA contain? How do they bond together?
4. This is your DNA unzipped. Make a new strand of DNA
ATCGCTTTAAGGCCGCATTACGCGTTAGGATC
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What is the job of DNA Helicase?
After DNA is unzipped, what happens next?
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Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. List at least 2 similarities and 4 difference.
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What is the job of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
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Explain the process of transcription. Where does it happen in the cell.
10. What are the building blocks of proteins?
11. What is translation? Where does it happen in the cell?
12. What is a codon?
13. Ribosomes read mRNA ________ bases at a time to code for _______ amino acid.
14. DNA: TAC GTA AAA CCT TCT TGG AGG CGT GGC GTC ATT
mRNA:
Protein: