GENETICS UNIT
DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION STUDY GUIDE
1. The blueprint of life is called _________.
2. Genetics is the study of ______________.
3. What is DNA an abbreviation for?
4. Regions of DNA that control heredity characteristics are called __________
5. Single pieces of coiled DNA containing many genes are called ________________.
6. Who built the first model of DNA? What is the basic shape of DNA?
7. The backbone of DNA is made of ______________ and _______________.
8. The teeth of DNA are _____________.
9. What is a nucleotide?
10. What are the four bases found in DNA?
11. How do the bases attract each other?
12. According to Chargaff’s rules, adenine (A) always joins with ____________ and
cytosine (C) always joins with ____________.
13. The process of copying DNA is called ______________.
14. Replicate the following DNA strand:
AAGGCCGGT
TTCCGGCCA
15. Label the following DNA strand:
16. What must DNA be converted to in order to make proteins?
17. What is the job of RNA?
18. DNA into RNA is called ____________ and RNA into a protein is called __________.
19. List 3 differences between DNA and RNA.
20. The job of ________ is to carry genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
________ transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins can be made.
_________ makes up the ribosomes where proteins are put together.
21. Proteins are made up of _________ ___________. There are _____ amino acids.
22. Transcription occurs in the ____________ of a cell and translation occurs in the
__________ of a cell.
23. The ____________ code is a chart that we look at to determine which amino acids are
formed from mRNA. It is nearly the same for all organisms.
24. A triplet in mRNA is called a __________ and a triplet on tRNA is called an
____________.
25. If the DNA strand is AAT CCG, what would the mRNA strand be? tRNA strand?
26. If a codon is AAU, what is the anticodon?
27. If a DNA segment is TTA, what would the tRNA strand be?
28. Human insulin contains 25 amino acids. How many DNA bases would be needed to
carry the information for the human insulin protein?
29. What is the process in which genetically identical organisms are produced?
30. How many amino acids would be formed from this DNA strand?
AAC GGT ACC CAT
31. What technique involves treating a genetic disorder by replacing a defective gene with
a good one?
32. What was the goal of the Human Genome Project?
33. Explain how a DNA fingerprint works.
34. Cells found in the human body that have yet to become specialized are called
___________.
35. Why are farmers not allowed to release genetically modified plants into the
environment?
36. How accurate is DNA fingerprinting?
37. The branch of science that uses scientific techniques to collect DNA evidence for the
legal system is called _____________.
38. What type of living thing usually contains recombinant DNA?
39. How are cloned organisms formed?
40. How has biotechnology improved agriculture?