Online Table. Some Circulating microRNAs Found Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases
miRNA
Misexpression
Acute myocardial infarction (STEMI+NSTEMI)
miR-1
Up-regulated in AMI patients within 4h of
the onset of symptoms, peak at 8h
Specimen
Study
Population
Setting
Ref.
plasma
17 AMI
patients and
25 controls
Hospital
admission
(1)
miR-1
Up-regulated in AMI patients,
normalized at discharge
plasma
93 AMI
patients and
66 controls
Hospital
admission
(2)
miR-133
Up-regulated in AMI patients within 4h of
the onset of symptoms, correlated with
miR-328 and cTnI
plasma
51 AMI
patients and
28 controls
Hospital
Admission
(3)
miR-133a, miR-1
miR-133a and miR-1 are elevated early
after the onset of symptoms; miR-133a
is elevated also in UA and TT patients
serum
29 ACS
patients (18
STEMI, 3
NSTEMI, 8 UA
patients) and
42 controls
CCU
(4)
miR-208, miR499
Extensively elevated in AMI patients and
markedly elevated in viral myocarditis
plasma
32 AMI
patients and
36 controls
with atypical
chest pain and
positive stress
test with
normal
coronary
angiograms
CCU
(5)
miR-208
Up-regulated in AMI patients within 4h of
the onset of symptoms
plasma
33 consecutive
AMI-patients
and 33 nonAMI controls
Hospital
admission
(6)
miR-499
Up-regulated in AMI patients within 3h of
the onset of symptoms
plasma
510 AMI
patients (113
NSTEMI, 397
STEMI) and
87 controls
CCU
(7)
mIR-663b, miR1291, miR-145,
miR-30c
Up-regulated in AMI patients and
correlated with cTnI levels
whole
blood
20 AMI
patients and
20 controls
CCU
(8)
miR-30a, miR195
Up-regulated in AMI patients
plasma
18 AMI
patients and
30 controls
Hospital
admission
or CCU
(9)
miR-1 and miR133a
Significantly increased at early after AMI
serum
21 TASH
patients
Cath Lab
(10)
miR-1
Regulates the level of fatty acid-binding
protein-3 (FABP3), a small cytoplasmic
protein involved in cardiac metabolism
and released into the bloodstream by
CMs following ischemic episodes
plasma and
biopsies
patients with
acromegaly or
Growth
Hormone
Deficiency and
5 patients with
aortic valve
stenosis
Hospital
admission
(11)
plasma
33 STEMI
patients and
17 controls
CCU
(12)
Correlated with relevant CMR markers
unable to prevent events
serum
216
consecutive
STEMI
patients
Cath Lab
(13)
Up-regulated in AMI
plasma
37 TTC
patients, 27
STEMI
patients and
28 controls
Hospital
admission
(14)
92 NSTEMI
patients + 81
AHF patients
without AMI
and 99
controls
CCU
(15)
plasma
19 NSTEMI
patients+ 31
CAD patients
+ 7 controls
Cath Lab
(16)
plasma and
serum
36 CAD
patients + 17
controls
CCU
(17)
plasma
250
populationbased
individuals
(Bruneck
Study)
Hospital
admission
(18)
plasma
822
populationbased
individuals
Hospital
admission
(19)
ST-Elevated myocardial infarction
miR-1, miR-133a, Up-regulated in STEMI patients
miR-133b, miR499-5p
miR-133a
miR-1, miR133a/b, miR208a/b, and miR499–5p
Acute coronary syndrome and non S-T myocardial infarction
miR-499-5p
Up-regulated in NSTEMI patients vs.
plasma
AHF patients and controls
miR-133a, miR499
Released from the heart into the
coronary circulation on myocardial injury
in patients with CAD
Coronary artery disease
miR-126, miR-17, Down-regulated in CAD patients
miR-92a, and
miR-155
miR-126
Positive association with subsequent
AMI
Vascular disease: diabetes mellitus, aortic aneurysm
miR-126
Down-regulated in DM
miR-1, miR-21
miRNA abundance may be different in
BAV and TAV
Pulmonary hypertension
miR-21, miRmiR-1, miR-26a, miR-29c down130a, miR-133b,
regulated in PAH;
miR-191, miRmiR-21, miR-130a, miR-133b, miR-191,
204, miR-208b,
miR-204, miR-208b up-regulated in PAH
miR-1, miR-26a,
miR-29c
miR-150
Reduced levels in PAH, and correlated
with survival
Acute pulmonary embolism
miR-134
Elevated in APE patients
plasma and
aortic
tissue
42 AA (21
BAV and 21
TAV) patients
+ 10 controls
OR
(20)
whole
blood
32 PAH
patients + 16
controls
Hospital
admission
(21)
plasma
175 PAH
patients + 18
controls
Hospital
admission
(22)
plasma
32 APE
Hospital
(23)
patients + 32
admission
controls +22
dyspnoic nonAPE patients
AA, aortic aneurysm; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; APE, acute pulmonary embolism; BAV, bicuspid aortic
valve; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCU, coronary care unit; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; DM, diabetes
mellitus; ED, emergency department; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; NSTEMI, non-ST elevated myocardial
infarction; NYHA, New York Hear Association; PAH, pulmonary artery hypertension; PBMCs, peripheral blood
mononuclear cells; STEMI, ST-elevated myocardial infarction; TASH, transcoronary ablation of septal
hypertrophy; TAV, tricuspid aortic valve; TTC, Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy; UA, unstable angina.
Supplementary References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Long G, Wang F, Duan Q, et al. Human circulating microRNA-1 and microRNA-126 as potential novel
indicators for acute myocardial infarction. Int J Biol Sci 2012;8:811-8.
Ai J, Zhang R, Li Y, et al. Circulating microRNA-1 as a potential novel biomarker for acute myocardial
infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010;391:73-7.
Wang R, Li N, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Pu J. Circulating microRNAs are promising novel biomarkers of acute
myocardial infarction. Intern Med 2011;50:1789-95.
Kuwabara Y, Ono K, Horie T, et al. Increased microRNA-1 and microRNA-133a levels in serum of
patients with cardiovascular disease indicate myocardial damage. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2011;4:44654.
Corsten MF, Dennert R, Jochems S, et al. Circulating MicroRNA-208b and MicroRNA-499 reflect
myocardial damage in cardiovascular disease. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2010;3:499-506.
Wang GK, Zhu JQ, Zhang JT, et al. Circulating microRNA: a novel potential biomarker for early diagnosis
of acute myocardial infarction in humans. Eur Heart J 2010;31:659-66.
Devaux Y, Vausort M, Goretti E, et al. Use of circulating microRNAs to diagnose acute myocardial
infarction. Clin Chem 2012;58:559-67.
Meder B, Keller A, Vogel B, et al. MicroRNA signatures in total peripheral blood as novel biomarkers for
acute myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2011;106:13-23.
Long G, Wang F, Duan Q, et al. Circulating miR-30a, miR-195 and let-7b associated with acute
myocardial infarction. PlOS One 2012;7:e50926.
Liebetrau C, Mollmann H, Dorr O, et al. Release Kinetics of Circulating Muscle-Enriched MicroRNAs in
Patients Undergoing Transcoronary Ablation of Septal Hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:992-8.
Varrone F, Gargano B, Carullo P, et al. The circulating level of FABP3 is an indirect biomarker of
microRNA-1. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:88-95.
D'Alessandra Y, Devanna P, Limana F, et al. Circulating microRNAs are new and sensitive biomarkers of
myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2765-73.
Eitel I, Adams V, Dieterich P, et al. Relation of circulating MicroRNA-133a concentrations with
myocardial damage and clinical prognosis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J
2012;164:706-14.
Jaguszewski M, Osipova J, Ghadri JR, et al. A signature of circulating microRNAs differentiates
takotsubo cardiomyopathy from acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2013.
Olivieri F, Antonicelli R, Lorenzi M, et al. Diagnostic potential of circulating miR-499-5p in elderly
patients with acute non ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:531-6.
De Rosa S, Fichtlscherer S, Lehmann R, Assmus B, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM. Transcoronary concentration
gradients of circulating microRNAs. Circulation 2011;124:1936-44.
Fichtlscherer S, De Rosa S, Fox H, et al. Circulating microRNAs in patients with coronary artery disease.
Circ Res 2010;107:677-84.
Zampetaki A, Willeit P, Tilling L, et al. Prospective study on circulating MicroRNAs and risk of myocardial
infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:290-9.
Zampetaki A, Kiechl S, Drozdov I, et al. Plasma microRNA profiling reveals loss of endothelial miR-126
and other microRNAs in type 2 diabetes. Circ Res 2010;107:810-7.
Ikonomidis JS, Ivey CR, Wheeler JB, et al. Plasma biomarkers for distinguishing etiologic subtypes of
thoracic aortic aneurysm disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:1326-33.
Wei C, Henderson H, Spradley C, et al. Circulating miRNAs as potential marker for pulmonary
hypertension. PlOS One 2013;8:e64396.
Rhodes CJ, Wharton J, Boon RA, et al. Reduced microRNA-150 is associated with poor survival in
pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;187:294-302.
23.
Xiao J, Jing Z-C, Ellinor P, et al. MicroRNA-134 as a potential plasma biomarker for the diagnosis of
acute pulmonary embolism. Journal of Translational Medicine 2011;9:159.