Supplemental Figures Μπ from LDNe (π Μπ−πΏπ·ππ ) and π Μπ calculated from full-sib Fig. S2. Relationship between π Μπ−πππ ), following Waples and Waples (2011) for WB. family distributions (π Fig. S3. Contribution of number of families, family evenness, and variance obtained from Μπ for WB. Correlations were fitted negative binomial distributions to variation in π Μπ from LDNe performed for each of these components of family structure and π Μπ−πΏπ·ππ ; panels a, b, and c) or π Μπ calculated from full-sib family distributions (π Μπ−πππ ; (π panels d, e, and f). Pearson correlation coefficients and associated P-values are shown. Fig. S4. Full-sibling family distributions for the 2001 to 2009 cohorts from WB. Family size is the number of estimated full-sibs per family. NG is the number of individuals Μπππ is the number of estimated full-sib families. πΜ is the mean genotyped per cohort. π family size, based on the mean of a fitted negative binomial distribution of full-sib Μ is family evenness. ο³2 is variance from a negative binomial families within a cohort. πΉπΈ Μπ−πΏπ·ππ is the effective distribution fitted to full-sib family distributions of each cohort. π Μπ−πππ is based on equation 6 number of breeders estimated with program LDNe. π from Waples & Waples (2011). For WB 2001, estimates are based only on the mainstem. For all other cohorts, estimates are based on combined genotypes from the mainstem and two connected tributaries. Fig. S5. Contribution of number of families, family evenness, and variance obtained from Μπ for FG. Correlations were fitted negative binomial distributions to variation in π Μπ from LDNe performed for each of these components of family structure and π Μπ−πΏπ·ππ ; panels a, b, and c) or π Μπ calculated from full-sib family distributions (π Μπ−πππ ; (π panels d, e, and f). Pearson correlation coefficients and associated P-values are shown. Fig. S6. Full-sibling family distributions for five cohorts from FG. Family size is the number of estimated full-sibs per family. NG is the number of individuals genotyped per Μπππ is the number of estimated full-sib families. πΜ is the mean family size, cohort. π based on the mean of a fitted negative binomial distribution of full-sib families within a Μ is family evenness. ο³2 is variance from a negative binomial distribution fitted cohort. πΉπΈ Μπ−πΏπ·ππ is the effective number of to full-sib family distributions of each cohort. π Μπ−πππ is based on equation 6 from Waples & breeders estimated with program LDNe. π Waples (2011). H1: Nb reflects NC Predic on: Nb and NC posi vely correlated Yes Nb useful for tracking popula on trend within popula ons No H2: Environmental factors constrain Nb through effects on variance in reproduc ve success Predic on: Nb and seasonal flow nega vely related (intermediate op mum possible) H2a: Variance in reproduc ve success is density-dependent (gene c compensa on) Predic on: Variance in family size and density posi vely correlated Fig. S1 Nb useful for monitoring habitat reproduc ve capacity (within and among popula ons) Fig. S2 Fig. S3 Fig. S4 Fig. S5 Fig. S6